History of karstification and groundwater flow field within Triassic water-bearing strata in Julongshan syncline
-
摘要:
聚龙山向斜三叠系含水层经历了多期次岩溶综合作用, 其岩溶发育演化规律对于深入认识该地区水文地质条件及分析地下水流场具有重要意义。运用历史比较法, 结合研究区三叠系含水层水化学、同位素、钻孔等资料, 对聚龙山向斜构造演化与岩溶发育史进行了探讨, 进而恢复了地下水流场的演化过程。结果表明, 震旦纪-中三叠世, 研究区构造运动总体表现为垂向上的升降, 沉积的海相地层为岩溶发育提供了物质基础, 但不具备岩溶发育条件, 主要在二叠系茅口组和三叠系嘉陵江组顶面形成古岩溶作用。晚三叠世-早侏罗世, 聚龙山向斜以缓慢隆升为主, 在荆当凹陷的湖盆中相继沉积陆源碎屑, 由于广泛覆盖在碳酸盐岩之上的三叠系巴东组碎屑岩刚接受剥蚀, 导致该时期主要表现为位于水下的埋藏型岩溶。中侏罗世-早白垩世, 燕山运动产生的挤压应力促使研究区形成EW-NW向褶皱、断裂及裂隙, 控制了碳酸盐岩的平面分布格局。部分碳酸盐岩裸露, 岩溶开始发育, 这时期地表水和地下水向荆当凹陷汇集。晚白垩世-古近纪, 随着江汉断陷盆地形成, 盖层巴东组碎屑岩剥蚀线逐渐向南退却, 岩溶发育进一步加强, 产生的老岩溶水系和部分地下水向最低基准面江陵断陷排泄。新近纪以来, 构造运动的间歇性快速抬升使岩溶不断向深部发育, 形成五级岩溶台面和多级地下水流系统, 地表水和地下水最终排泄至长江。地下水流场具有山区到凹陷-断陷盆地-长江的多级次演化机制。
Abstract:The Triassic water-bearing strata in the Julongshan syncline experienced the comprehensive effect of multiple periods of karstification, and the evolution law of karst development is of great significance for understanding hydrogeological conditions and analyzing the groundwater flow field in this region. In this paper, the history of the characteristics of tectonic evolution and karst development in the Julongshan syncline were studied by means of history comparison and combined with data on water chemistry, isotopes and drilling of Triassic water-bearing strata, and the evolution process of the groundwater flow field was preliminarily restored. Our results showed that the tectonic movement in the study region was characterized by vertical rise or fall during the Sinian and the Middle Triassic, which provided materials for karst development in marine sedimentary strata. However, there was no condition for karst development. The main ancient karstification ocourred in the period of time at the top of the Permian Maokou Formation and Triassic Jialingjiang Formation. From the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic, the crustal movement in the Julongshan syncline was dominated by slow uplift, and terrigenous clastic strata were successively deposited in the lake basin of the Jingdang Basin due to the clastic rocks of the Triassic Badong Formation, which were widely overlying carbonate rocks and had just undergone denudation. This period mainly manifested as burial karst under the water. From the Middle Jurassic to the Early Cretaceous, the EW-NW folds and faults or fissures were formed by Yanshanian movement, controlling the plane distribution pattern of carbonate rocks. During this period, part of the carbonate rock was exposed, karstification began to develop, and the surface water and the underground water converged into the Jingdang Depression. From the Late Cretaceous to Paleogene, with the formation of the Jianghan fault depression basin, the clastic denudation line of the caprock of the Badong Formation gradually retreated to the south, and the development of karst was further strengthened. The old karst drainage system and part of the groundwater drained to the lowest datum level of the Jiangling fault depression. Since the Neogene, the intermittent and rapid uplift of tectonic movement has caused the development of karst to depth, the formation of the Grade Five karst planation surface and multistage groundwater flow system, and the drainage of surface water and groundwater to the Yangtze River. The groundwater flow field has a multilevel evolution mechanism from the limestone region to the depression-faulted basin and the Yangtze River.
-
图 1 研究区大地构造位置(a)与聚龙山向斜地区地质概图(b)(据文献[13])
Figure 1. Tectonic location (a) and geological outline in Julongshan syncline (b) in the study area
图 2 聚龙山向斜地区中新生代构造岩相古地理图(据文献[15]修改)
Figure 2. Paleogeographic maps of the Julongshan syncline during Meso-Cenozoic
图 3 聚龙山向斜地区构造演化与岩溶发育史及地下水流场概念模型示意图
1.第四系；2.新近系；3.古近系；4.白垩系；5.晚三叠统-侏罗系；6.砂岩；7.黏土岩；8.含砾砂岩；9.长石石英砂岩；10.煤层；11.粉砂岩；12.极强岩溶含水岩组；13.强岩溶含水岩组；14.中等岩溶含水岩组；15.弱含水岩组；16.隔水岩组；17；大气降雨；18.地表水流向；19.地下水流向；20.流线；21.等水头线；22.水系；23.泉水；24.应力方向；25.合力方向；26.压性断裂；27.张性断裂；28.一般断裂；29.地壳升降运动；30.剖面方向；31.地质界线；32.褶皱曲线
Figure 3. Schematic diagram of tectonic evolution and karst development history and conceptual model of groundwater flow field in Julongshan syncline
图 4 聚龙山向斜区岩溶洼地高程分布统计
Figure 4. Statistics of elevation distribution of karst depression in Julongshan syncline
图 5 聚龙山向斜区岩溶水文地质简图
1.极强岩溶含水岩组；2.强岩溶含水岩组；3.中等岩溶含水岩组；4.弱岩溶含水岩组；5.隔水层；6.砂岩；7.泥岩；8.页岩；9.炭质页岩；10.粉砂质页岩；11.粉砂岩；12.灰岩；13.含燧石结核灰岩；14.白云岩；15.角砾状白云岩；16.地下水流向；17.流线；18.水系；19.泉点(流量(L/s)/高程(m))；20.暗河出口；21.岩溶洼地；22.岩溶台面分界线；23地质界线；24.断层；25.产状；26.剖面线；27.钻孔(深岩溶下限深度(m)/高程(m))
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of karst hydrogeology in Julongshan syncline
-
[1] 翁金桃, 章程, 蒋忠诚, 等. 北京西山地区岩溶发育史及岩溶环境变迁[J]. 中国岩溶, 1995, 14(1): 41-48. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYR501.005.htmWeng J T, Zhang C, Jiang Z C, et al. The history of karst development and the evolution of karst environment around the western hills of Beijing[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 1995, 14(1): 41-48(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYR501.005.htm [2] 罗小杰. 试论武汉地区构造演化与岩溶发育史[J]. 中国岩溶, 2013, 32(2): 195-202. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYR201302011.htmLuo X J. On the history of tectonic evolution and karstification in Wuhan[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2013, 32(2): 195-202(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGYR201302011.htm [3] Knez M, Slabe T, Gabrovek F, et al. The history of karstification on the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Paleogene limestones in the Wider Kozina area[J]. Cave and Karst Systems of the World, 2016, 14: 143-161. [4] Molina J M, Ruiz-Ortiz P A, Vera J A. A review of polyphase karstification in extensional tectonic regimes: Jurassic and Cretaceous examples, Betic Cordillera, southern Spain[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1999, 129: 71-84. doi: 10.1016/S0037-0738(99)00089-5 [5] Osborne R A L. The history of karstification at Wombeyan Caves, New South Wales, Australia as revealed by palaeokarst deposit[J]. Cave and Karst Science, 1993, 20(1): 1-7. [6] 史婷婷, 陈植华, 张卫. 湖北宜昌香溪河流域环境同位素特征及其水循环意义[J]. 地质科技情报, 2012, 31(6): 163-167. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201206027.htmShi T T, Chen Z H, Zhang W. Characteristic of environmental isotopes in Xiangxi River Basin of Yichang, Hubei Province and its significance for hydrological cycle[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2012, 31(6): 163-167(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201206027.htm [7] 罗明明, 肖天昀, 陈植华, 等. 香溪河岩溶流域几种岩溶水系统的地质结构特征[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2014, 41(6): 13-19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDG201406005.htmLuo M M, Xiao T Y, Chen Z H, et al. Geological structure characteristics of several karst water systems in the Xiangxi River karst basin[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2014, 41(6): 13-19(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SWDG201406005.htm [8] Luo M M, Chen Z H, Criss R E, et al. Dynamics and anthropogenic impacts of multiple karst flow systems in a mountainous area of South China[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2016, 24(8): 1993-2002. doi: 10.1007/s10040-016-1462-3 [9] Luo M M, Chen Z H, Zhou H. Identifying structure and function of karst aquifer system using multiple field methods in karst trough valley area, South China[J]. Environmental Earth Science, 2016, 27(1): 1-13. [10] Luo M M, Chen Z H, Yin D C, et al. Surface flood and underground flood in Xiangxi River Karst Basin: Characteristics, models, and comparisons[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2016, 27(1): 15-21. doi: 10.1007/s12583-016-0624-5 [11] 郭绪磊, 朱静静, 陈乾龙, 等. 新型地下水流速流向测量技术及其在岩溶区调查中的应用[J]. 地质科技情报, 2019, 38(1): 243-249. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201901027.htmGuo X L, Zhu J J, Chen Q L, et al. Flow direction and its application in the investigation of karst area[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2019, 38(1): 243-249(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201901027.htm [12] 湖北省地质矿产局. 湖北省区域地质志[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 1990.Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Hubei Province. Regional Geology of Hubei Province[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 1990(in Chinese). [13] 邓明哲. 黄陵背斜及邻区构造建模[D]. 北京: 中国地质大学(北京), 2018.Deng M Z. Structural modeling of the Huangling anticline and its peripheral structural belt[D]. Beijing: China University of Geosciences(Beijing), 2018(in Chinese with English abstract). [14] 戴少武. 江汉盆地印支期以来区域构造特征探讨[J]. 地质力学学报, 1996, 2(4): 80-84. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX604.012.htmDai S W. Discussion on the regional structural features of Jianghan Basin since the Indosinian movement[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 1996, 2(4): 80-84(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLX604.012.htm [15] 徐大良, 彭练红, 刘浩, 等. 黄陵背斜中新生代多期次隆升的构造-沉积响应[J]. 华南地质与矿产, 2013, 29(2): 90-99. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNKC201302002.htmXu D L, Peng L H, Liu H, et al. Meso-Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary response of multi-phased uplifts of Huangling Anticline, Central China[J]. Geology and Mineral Resources of South China, 2013, 29(2): 90-99(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HNKC201302002.htm [16] 盛贤才, 郭战峰, 陈学辉, 等. 江汉平原及邻区海相碳酸盐岩的古岩溶特征及控制因素[J]. 海相油气地质, 2007, 12(2): 17-22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ200702005.htmSheng X C, Guo Z F, Chen X H, et al. Palaeokarst characteristics and controlling factors of marine carbonate rocks in Jianghan Plain and its neighboring areas[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2007, 12(2): 17-22(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXYQ200702005.htm [17] Dong Y P, Santosh M. Tectonic architecture and multiple orogeny of the Qinling Orogenic Belt, Central China[J]. Gondwana Research, 2016, 29(1): 1-40. [18] Dong Y P, Yang Z, Liu X M, et al. Mesozoic intracontinental orogeny in the Qinling Mountains, central China[J]. Geoscience Frontiers, 2016, 30: 144-158. [19] Hu J, Hong C, Qu H, et al. Mesozoic deformations of the Dabashan in the southern Qinling orogen, central China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2012, 47(1): 171-184. [20] Shi W, Zhang Y Q, Dong S H, et al. Intra-continental Dabashanorocline, southwestern Qinling, Central China[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 2012, 46(6): 20-38. [21] Liu S, Li W, Wang K, et al. Late Mesozoic development of the southern Qinling-Dabieshan foreland fold-thrust belt, Central China, and its role in continent-continent collision[J]. Tectonophysics. 2015, 644-645(3): 220-234. [22] 李天义, 何生, 何治亮, 等. 中扬子地区当阳复向斜中生代以来的构造抬升和热史重建[J]. 石油学报, 2012, 33(2): 214-224. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201202006.htmLi T Y, He S, He Y L, et al. Reconstruction of tectonic uplift and thermal history since Mesozoic in the Dangynag synclinorium of the central Yangtze area[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(2): 214-224(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB201202006.htm [23] Tóth J. Gravitational system of groundwater: Theory, evaluation, utilization[M]. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009. [24] Liang X, Liu Y, Jin M G, et al. Direct observation of complex Tóthian groundwater flow systems in the laboratory[J]. Hydrological Processes, 2010, 24: 3568-3573. [25] Liang X, Niu H, Zhang R Q, et al. Basinal groundwater flow patterns and their transformation and dominant factors[J]. Journal of Earth Science, 2012, 37(2): 269-275. [26] 颜慧明, 常威, 郭绪磊, 等. 岩溶水流系统识别方法及其在引调水工程隧洞选线中的应用[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(1): 127-136. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0008Yan H M, Chang W, Guo X L, et al. Identification of the karst water flow system and its application in the tunnel line selection of water diversion projects[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(1): 127-136(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0008 [27] 武亚遵, 万军伟, 林云. 湖北宜昌西陵峡地区大气降雨氢氧同位素特征分析[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 30(3): 93-97. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201103015.htmWu Y Z, Wan J W, Lin Y. Characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes for precipitation in Xiling Gorge Region of Yichang, Hubei Province[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2011, 30(3): 93-97(in Chinese with English abstrsct). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201103015.htm [28] 黄荷, 罗明明, 陈植华, 等. 香溪河流域大气降水稳定氢氧同位素时空分布特征[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2016, 43(4): 36-42.Huang H, Luo M M, Chen Z H, et al. The spatial and temporal distribution of stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope of meteoric water in Xiangxihe River basin[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2016, 43(4): 36-42(in Chinese with English abstract). -
下载:
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 445
- PDF下载量: 28
- 被引次数: 0
