珠江口盆地CO<sub>2</sub>分布特征与成藏机制浅析

高中亮; 王艳飞; 雷胜兰; 王文勇; 江宁; 姜大朋; 刘军; 李克成

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0204

珠江口盆地CO₂分布特征与成藏机制浅析

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0204

中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司研究院, 广东深圳 518054

详细信息

作者简介:
高中亮(1986-), 男, 工程师, 主要从事石油地质方面的研究工作。E-mail: gaozhl3@cnooc.com.cn

中图分类号: P618.13
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-01-08
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-07

Distribution characteristics and accumulation mechanism of carbon dioxide gas reservoirs in the Pearl River Mouth Basin

CNOOC China Limited, Shenzhen Branch, Shenzhen Guangdong 518054, China

摘要

摘要:
珠江口盆地多个凹陷均有钻井钻遇CO₂气体, 个别井钻遇的CO₂体积分数高达90%以上, 这些CO₂气体直接驱替了早期油藏或影响了油气充注规模, 增加了勘探风险。运用钻井数据、地球化学分析数据、重磁研究结果, 通过分析CO₂分布特征, 总结CO₂分布与断裂、火成岩的关系, 明确CO₂分布的主控因素, 预测珠江口盆地高CO₂风险带的分布。研究表明: 珠江口盆地对油气成藏有影响的CO₂主要为无机幔源成因, 受区域盖层和储层的控制, CO₂主要分布在上渐新统到下中新统地层及以下地层, 向上CO₂逐渐减少, 同时无机幔源CO₂分布明显受控于断裂体系, 与基底断裂和火成岩体具有较好的对应关系。无机CO₂气源主要为幔源岩浆的脱气作用, 垂向运移主要受不同级别断裂控制, 尤其该区深大断裂和基底长期活动断裂起到了很大作用, 因此幔源岩浆活动与断裂体系是CO₂汇聚的主控因素。由于珠江口盆地不同凹陷结构差异的影响, 幔源CO₂运聚成藏机制可概括为两类: 一是在北部坳陷带, 地壳厚度大, CO₂沿着深大断裂逐级向中上地壳运移形成"中转站", 然后在基底断裂的沟通下向浅层运移成藏; 二是在珠二坳陷, 由于地壳减薄作用, 并且发育拆离体系, 幔源岩浆首先到达拆离面, 脱出的CO₂沿着拆离面运移, 当遇到深切至拆离面的断裂后继续向浅层运移成藏。基于以上分析并结合运聚条件预测出珠江口盆地分布着7个高CO₂风险带, 这7个高CO₂风险带均位于深大断裂带附近, 并且周边火成岩较为发育。
- CO₂ /
- 幔源成因 /
- 成藏机制 /
- 珠江口盆地
Abstract:
Exploration practice has revealed abundant carbon dioxide gas reservoirs in many depressions of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea with a CO₂ content as high as 90%. These CO₂ reservoirscan either directly displace the early oil reservoirs or affect the oil and gas charging scale, which further increases exploration risk. Based on the comprehensive analysis of drilling data, geochemical analysis data, gravity and magnetic research results, the migration and accumulation conditions of the CO₂ reservoirs have been investigated. Our results suggest that CO₂ in the Pearl River Mouth Basin is sourced by inorganic mantle, and its distribution locations are controlled by regional caprocks and reservoirs. CO₂ is mainly distributed in upper Oligocene to lower Miocene strata and the overlying strata, with its contents gradually decreasing upwards. Meanwhile, the distribution of inorganic mantle source CO₂ is greatly controlled by the fault system, and its distribution locations have a close relationship with the ranges of basement faults and igneous rocks. The inorganic CO₂ gas is sourced by the degassing of mantle-derived magma. Its vertical migration process is mainly controlled by different scales faults, especially the regional abyssal faults. Therefore, it can be concluded that mantle-derived magma activity and fault systems are the main controlling factors for the accumulation processes of CO₂ reservoirs. The mechanisms of mantle-derived CO₂ migration and accumulation can be summarized into two types by structural differences. In the northern depression zone, CO₂ migrates along deep faults step by step to the upper and middle crust to form a "transfer station". By contrast, the detachment system developed in the Zhu 2 Depression, and CO₂ migrates along the detachment plane to upper strata.
- CO₂ gas reservoir /
- mantle origin /
- reservoir formation mechanism /
- Pearl River Mouth Basin

HTML全文

图 1 珠江口盆地结构图

Figure 1. Structure diagram of the Pearl River Mouth Basin

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图 2 珠江口盆地钻遇CO₂井平面分布图

Figure 2. Plane distribution map of CO₂-bearing wells drilled in the Pearl River Mouth Basin

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图 3 珠江口盆地东部CO₂体积分数和δ¹³C_CO₂关系图

Figure 3. Relationship between CO₂ content and δ¹³C_CO₂ of natural gas in the eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin

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图 4 无机成因CO₂分布图

Figure 4. Distribution of inorganic CO₂

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图 5 CO₂来源及运移过程模式图

Figure 5. Model diagram showing the original source and migration process of the CO₂ reservoirs

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图 6 基底通气断裂分布图

Figure 6. Distribution map of foundational faults

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图 7 南海北部揭示新生界火成岩位置

Figure 7. Locations of Cenozoic igneous rocks in the northern South China Sea

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图 8 CO₂、油和烃气充注年龄统计直方图

Figure 8. Histogram showing the charging ages of CO₂, oil and gas

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图 9 北部坳陷带CO₂运聚模式图

Figure 9. CO₂ migration and accumulation pattern of the northern depression belt

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图 10 北部坳陷带CO₂运聚模式图

Figure 10. CO₂ migration and accumulation pattern of the northern depression belt

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图 11 珠江口盆地高含CO₂风险区带识别

Figure 11. Identification of high CO₂-bearing risk zones in the Pearl River Mouth Basin

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表 1 珠江口盆地新生代岩浆活动情况表^[16]

Table 1. Cenozoic magmatic activities in the Pearl River Mouth Basin

岩浆活动			主要喷发岩类	主要分布区
期次	时代	构造运动	主要喷发岩类	主要分布区
第1期	E₁²~E₂²(T_g~T₉)	神狐运动	中酸性岩及基性岩	东沙隆起和海南隆起北部
第2期	E₂²~E₃²(T₉~T₈)	珠琼运动	中酸性岩及基性火山碎屑岩	东沙隆起、惠州凹陷和番禺低隆起南部
第3期	N₁(T₇~T₄)	南海运动	中酸性岩及基性火山碎屑岩	西江凹陷、开平凹陷、恩平凹陷、白云凹陷、阳江凹陷
第4期	N₁²~Q₁(T₂~T₁)	东沙运动	基性岩	神狐隆起东部恩平凹陷、阳江凹陷
第5期	Q₂~Q₄(T_N)	流花运动	基性岩	韩江凹陷、东沙隆起、海丰隆起、开平凹陷

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表 2 不同地区CO₂气、油和烃气充注期次及时期结果比较^[20]

Table 2. Comparison of charging periods and periods of CO₂, oil and gas in different areas

地区	CO₂充注		油充注		烃气充注		CO₂驱替影响
地区	期次	时限/Ma	期次	时限/Ma	期次	时限/Ma	CO₂驱替影响
惠陆低凸起	1	①12.7~7.8			1	①16.6~8.8	存在
惠南披覆断阶带	3	①17.8~14.1 ②10.3 ③7.1~4.2	2	①16.5~14.5 ②9.4~4.9	3	①17.8~12.7 ②10.3~4.8 ③3.9~2.2	存在
番禺低隆起	3	①18.4~13.2 ②11.1~6.0 ③5.3~0.2	2	①16.1~11.1 ②6.5~4.6	3	①20.3~10.1 ②8.1~4.3 ③1.5~1.0	抑制
恩平地区	3	①11.6 ②6.1~5.9 ③4.5~1.7	2	①13.8~9.1 ②3.9~0	3	①11.9~11.7 ②10.5~6.7 ③5.3~1.1	存在
白云-荔湾地区	3	①18.9~12.7 ②11.1~6.3 ③4.8~1.9	2	①10.7~6.9 ②5.3~3.1	3	①17.3~14.2 ②8.2 ③5.1~0.1	抑制

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