岩溶多重介质地下水模拟技术及应用进展

成建梅; 罗一鸣

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0220

岩溶多重介质地下水模拟技术及应用进展

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0220

中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430078

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42172278

国家自然科学基金项目 U1911205

详细信息

作者简介:
成建梅(1971—)，女，教授，主要从事地下水流-污染数值模拟方面的研究工作。E-mail: jmcheng@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.134
计量
- 文章访问数: 1756
- PDF下载量: 217
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-29
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-10

Overview of groundwater modeling technology and its application in karst areas with multiple-void media

School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China

摘要

摘要:
由于岩溶发育的极不均匀性和岩溶含水介质的多重介质性等特征, 使得岩溶水系统的地下水运动规律呈现出复杂多变的特点, 在孔隙或微小裂隙含水介质中岩溶水满足达西流, 而在岩溶管道中可能出现非达西运动, 这给岩溶区地下水模拟带来了极大挑战。系统地梳理了岩溶水流和溶质运移模拟的主要方法, 总结了复杂岩溶多重介质系统地下水模拟技术的现状, 并结合我国南方岩溶和北方岩溶各自的特点, 提出岩溶水模型在实际应用中需要关注的要点。主要包括: 需加强野外调查和观测, 提高模型中对岩溶含水介质结构非均质性表征的精度; 进一步深化对岩溶水运动机理的研究, 刻画岩溶多重介质的水流特征以及水交换机理; 针对北方岩溶水系统模拟, 可选择等效连续多孔介质模型, 重在耦合区域分布的岩溶溶孔－裂隙介质中慢速渗流与脉状分布的强径流带快速流; 对于南方岩溶区, 建议考虑建立分布式流域水文模型与能刻画集中管道流多流态变化的多重介质模型的岩溶地下水耦合模型。
- 岩溶多重介质 /
- 非均质性 /
- 地下水模型 /
- 流域水文模型 /
- 管道流
Abstract:
Due to the extremely heterogeneous distribution of karst and the multi-media nature of karst aquifer medium, the groundwater flow in karst water system presents complex and changeable characteristics. It follows Darcy flow law in the pores or fissures, and non-Darcy flow law in the karst pipelines, which brings great challenges to groundwater modeling in karst areas. This paper systematically worked through the main methods of karst water flow and solute transport simulation, summarized the current situation of groundwater simulation technology in complex karst multimedia systems, and pointed out the key issues that should be considered in the practical application of karst water modeling according to the characteristics of karst in south and north China. The main findings include: it is necessary to strengthen field investigations and observations to improve the accuracy of the characterization of the heterogeneity of karst aquifer media in the model. Furthermore, the research on the mechanism of karst water movement should be deepened to depict the flow characteristics and the water exchange mechanism in the karst multimedia. For the simulation of karst water systems in North China, the equivalent continuous porous media model can be selected, focusing on the coupling model of slow seepage in the karst pore fissure media with the rapid flow in the strong runoff zone. For the karst area in South China, it is suggested to consider the establishment of a coupling model between the distributed watershed hydrological model and the multimedia karst groundwater model that can describe the changes in various flow regimes in complex multiple-void media.
- karst multiple-void media /
- heterogeneity /
- groundwater model /
- watershed hydrological model /
- conduit flow

HTML全文

图 1 非均质岩溶含水系统地下水运动示意图(据文献[21-22]修改)

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of groundwater flow in a heterogeneous karst aquifer system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 岩溶地下水各类模拟方法对比

Table 1. Comparison of various methods for karst groundwater simulation

一级分类	二级分类	特点	适用范围
物理模型	缩尺模型	成本低、容易控制影响因子，但不能详细描述对地下水运动空间分布特征	适用于地下水在岩溶含水介质中运动机理研究
集总参数式模型	流量衰减模型水箱模型	不考虑下垫面和气象条件在空间上的变化	适用于大尺度模拟
分布式岩溶水模型	分布式岩溶水文模型	可充分考虑流域下垫面和气象条件的时空变化	适用于岩溶水文流域模拟
	等效多孔介质模型	假设含水层参数差异较小，对管道、裂隙进行高度概化，建模效率高但精度较低；无法刻画非达西流及管道(裂隙)之间水分交换	适用于岩溶发育程度较低的地区，可用于大尺度模拟
	离散网络介质模型	对岩溶裂隙、管道进行刻画，地下水仅在随机裂隙中进行运动；对裂隙、管道数据要求高，难以获取	适用于裂隙为主的小尺度模拟
	双重连续介质模型	考虑了含水介质的非均质性，地下水流为达西流，不能刻画管道流；交换系数难以准确确定	适用于岩溶发育程度较低地区模拟，且多为小尺度模型
	三重介质模型	可以较全面地刻画了岩溶水动态的特征，但模型构建难度较高，限制了实际应用	适用于中小尺度模拟

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