四川盆地公山庙油田大安寨段湖相灰岩-页岩裂缝特征与测井识别

吴丰; 罗莹莹; 李昱翰; 杨宗恒; 张洪千; 刘建锋; 石祥超

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0230

四川盆地公山庙油田大安寨段湖相灰岩-页岩裂缝特征与测井识别

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0230

1a.
西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院，成都 610500
1b.
西南石油大学石油与天然气工程学院，成都 610500
2.
中国石油西南油气田分公司川中油气矿，四川遂宁 629000
3.
四川大学水力学与山区河流开发保护国家重点实验室，成都 610065

基金项目:

四川省重点研发计划(重大科技专项)项目 2020YFSY0039

国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金项目 U20A20266

中国石油-西南石油大学创新联合体科技合作项目 2020CX030103

详细信息

作者简介:
吴丰(1983—)，男，副教授，主要从事测井原理及地质应用方面的研究工作。E-mail: wufengzh@swpu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.1
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- 文章访问数: 484
- PDF下载量: 42
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-05
- 网络出版日期: 2022-11-10

Fracture characteristics and logging identification of lacustrine limestone-shale reservoirs in Da′anzhai Member, Gongshanmiao Oilfield, Sichuan Basin

1a.
School of Geosciences and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
1b.
Petroleum Engineering School, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
2.
Middle Sichuan Oil and Gas Field, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Suining Sichuan, 629000, China
3.
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

摘要

摘要:
四川盆地公山庙油田大安寨段同时发育湖相灰岩和页岩储层，裂缝是否发育成为大安寨段储层形成的关键。首先基于岩心观察、CT扫描、扫描电镜等分析了灰岩和页岩的裂缝特征，然后在分析沉积相、矿物含量、w(TOC)、断层对裂缝发育影响的基础上，建立了湖相灰岩和页岩裂缝的识别图版。结果表明：①大安寨段湖相灰岩主要发育构造缝与层间缝，湖相页岩主要发育成岩页理缝，两者裂缝产状均以水平和低角度为主；②湖相灰岩中，大三亚段和大一亚段的厚层灰岩、厚层灰岩夹单一薄页岩条带、厚层灰岩夹多个薄页岩条带, 这3种岩性组合最容易发育裂缝；湖相页岩中，大二a段的薄页岩与薄灰岩互层裂缝发育程度最高；③湖相灰岩裂缝识别优先采用ΔGR~ΔlogRT交会图，湖相页岩裂缝依据声波值增大和深浅双侧向电阻率“负差异”现象来识别。研究结果可为湖相灰岩-页岩裂缝评价提供思路与参考。
- 四川盆地 /
- 湖相 /
- 碳酸盐岩 /
- 页岩油 /
- 裂缝 /
- 测井 /
- 公山庙油田
Abstract:
Lacustrine limestone and shale reservoirs are both developed in the Da′anzhai Member of Gongshanmiao Oilfield, Sichuan Basin. Whether fractures are developed or not is the key to the reservoirs in the Da'anzhai Member. Based on core observations, CT scanning and scanning electron microscopy, the characteristics of fractures in limestone and shale were analyzed, the influences of sedimentary facies, mineral content, TOC and faults on fractures were analyzed, and identification plots of fractures in lacustrine limestone and shale were established. The results show that lacustrine limestone is mainly developed with structural fractures and interlayer fractures, while lacustrine shale is mainly developed with interlayer fractures, which are mainly horizontal and low-angle fractures. In the lacustrine limestone, the fractures are mainly developed in the thick limestone, thick limestone with asingle thin shale band and thick limestone with multiple thin shale bands in the Dasan Member and Dayi Member. In lacustrine shale, fractures are mainly developed in the interbeddedthin shale and thin limestone in theDaer-a Member. The ΔGR~ΔlogRTcross plot was preferred for lacustrine limestone fracture identification. Fractures in lacustrine shale were identified by the phenomena of increasing acoustic values and "negative difference" in dual lateral logging. The results can provide ideas and references for fracture evaluation of lacustrine limestone and shale.
- Sichuan Basin /
- lacustrine facies /
- carbonate rock /
- shale /
- fracture /
- well logging /
- Gongshanmian Oilfield

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图 1 四川盆地侏罗系自流井组大安寨段沉积体系与地层划分

Figure 1. Sedimentary system and stratigraphic division of the Da′anzhai Member of the Jurassic Ziliujing Formation, Sichuan Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 大安寨段介壳灰岩与页岩的岩心、薄片和扫描电镜照片

a, d, g.介壳灰岩；b, e, h.灰岩-页岩互层；c, f, i.页岩。a.2 440.5 m，介壳灰岩，岩心照片；b.2 435.8 m，灰泥互层，岩心照片；c.页岩，岩心照片；d.2 420.05 m，粉晶介壳灰岩，薄片照片；e.2 402.37 m，页岩发育有机质，电镜照片；f.3 509.36 m，含介壳页岩，发育微裂缝，薄片照片；g.3 501.03 m，方解石溶蚀孔，电镜照片；h.2 402.37 m，页岩发育斜交裂缝，薄片照片；i.2 377.39 m，页岩发育有机质，电镜照片

Figure 2. Core photographs, thin section images and SEM images of shell limestone and shale in the Da′anzhai Member

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 大安寨段岩性、黏土矿物类型及比例

a.大安寨段岩性三角图；b.大安寨段不同岩性矿物成分与体积分数

Figure 3. Lithology, clay mineral types and proportions of the Da′anzhai Member

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 大安寨段湖相灰岩裂缝特征

Figure 4. Fracture characteristics of lacustrine limestone in the Da′anzhai Member

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 大安寨段湖相页岩裂缝特征

Figure 5. Fracture characteristics of lacustrine shale in the Da′anzhai Member

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 沉积相与灰岩-页岩裂缝张开度、裂缝密度的关系

Figure 6. Relationship between sedimentary facies and fracture width, fracture density of limestone and shale

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 断层与灰岩裂缝的关系

Figure 7. Relationship between faults and fractures in limestone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 灰岩-页岩裂缝张开度(a)、裂缝密度(b)与黏土矿物体积分数的关系

Figure 8. Relationship between fracture width (a), fracture density (b) and clay mineral content of limestone and shale

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 灰岩-页岩裂缝张开度(a)、裂缝密度(b)与w(TOC)的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between fracture width (a), fracture density (b) and TOC of limestone and shale

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 湖相灰岩裂缝识别相关参数确定原理

Figure 10. Principles of parameter determination related to fracture identification in lacustrine limestone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 湖相灰岩裂缝识别图版

Figure 11. Fracture identification plots of lacustrine limestone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 湖相页岩裂缝识别图版

Figure 12. Fracture identification plot of lacustrine shale

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 湖相灰岩-页岩裂缝与原油产量和动态储量的关系

Figure 13. Relationship between fractures in lacustrine limestone-shale and crude oil production, dynamic reserves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 基于成因的灰岩和页岩裂缝分类与特征

Table 1. Genetic classification and characteristics of fractures in limestone and shale

岩性	裂缝类型			裂缝特征
灰岩	构造缝			裂缝面平直、规则，可见擦痕，裂缝延伸距离远，裂缝宽度变化较大，常呈组系出现
	非构造缝	表生裂缝	卸载裂缝	形状不规则，呈叠状或尖头状，与新形成的自由表面破裂相平行，其发育与地形有关
		表生裂缝	风化裂缝	裂缝产状呈叶脉状或马尾状，出现在岩层表面
		成岩缝	层间缝	沿岩石层理或者面理产生，张开度较小，与层理面平行
			溶蚀缝	裂缝面粗糙、不规则，缝宽大小不一，其发育程度受岩性、水动力条件控制，形状奇特
			缝合线	呈锯齿状镶嵌，起伏波动明显，产状变化大，常被暗色泥质或有机质充填
			差异压实裂缝	不成组系分布，延伸不远，密度、宽度变化大。在地形起伏大、坡度陡的岩层中裂缝的密度及范围大
			收缩缝	规模较小，延伸较短；薄片上该类裂缝开度在5~30μm，多数被石膏或硬石膏充填
			压裂缝	一般都很微小，只有在显微镜下才可看见
		异常压力缝		走向弯曲、张开度不一，呈裂缝脉群，均为张裂缝，后期大部分被方解石、白云石等脉体充填
页岩	构造缝			在构造应力作用下产生，可以是高角度剪切裂缝，也可以是顺层滑动产生的裂缝
	非构造缝	表生裂缝		裂缝发育受层理面控制，走向呈“Z”字型扩展，缝宽随裂缝扩展方向变窄
		成岩缝	成岩层理裂缝	倾角较小，一般呈水平或低角度状态，缝面上常见擦痕、阶步或光滑镜面
			干裂裂缝	纵向垂直层面。剖面呈“V”型，裂缝长终止于同一平面
			收缩裂缝	前端呈规律地延伸，尾端以分叉弯曲状结束，裂缝在平面上交织成网状，纵向垂直层面，深度较浅
			缝合线	与层面大致平行，呈锯齿状
			溶蚀缝	裂缝走向近水平，形态近弧形，缝宽很小，延伸长度很小，后期易被矿物充填
		异常压力缝		主要由欠压实超压和生烃超压导致，裂缝的开启与闭合具有循环往复性

下载: 导出CSV

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