Integration path research of water and soil quality investigation and evaluation and human health relationship
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摘要:
为有效支撑健康中国行动，我国正在探索开展健康地质调查，但受制于对健康地质概念的理解，统一的工作思路和技术方法还未形成，制约了此项工作在全国的推广。采用文献研究、定性分析及对比分析等方法，综述了国内外水土质量调查评价与地方病防治的最新研究成果，特别关注了在中国分布较广、影响较大的氟中毒、砷中毒、甲状腺肿(包括克汀病)、大骨节病和克山病等地方病的研究思路与最新进展。研究认为：健康地质调查与传统地质调查的最大区别是以影响人群健康的水土质量为核心指标，加强水岩相互作用研究方法和地下水流系统的运用，强化分析元素物质在岩-土-水-气-生地球表层圈层的迁移转化及暴露途径，坚持地球系统科学和生命科学相结合、岩水土气生等多要素系统监测与单因素优势观测相结合、地质环境与人群健康指标调查监测相结合、区域全面调查与典型案列分析相结合的工作思路，有序推进健康地质调查、监测、评价、区划、智慧服务等工作任务，部署开展保障安全供水、提供健康饮水、开发优质水和圈定劣质地块、开发优质耕地、规划有益元素产业园等核心内容，按照区域面上控制、流域精细刻画、村镇监测重点解剖、点上工程示范探索4个尺度，系统开展水土质量本底调查、资源属性分析和社会价值评估，构建水土质量与人群健康关系概念框架，筛选人群健康关键因素的管控阈值，从而满足人群对安全、公平、幸福、文化、可持续等健康需求。研究成果明确了当前健康地质调查的核心任务与主要方向，可为这一尚处于探索阶段工作的推广部署提供决策参考。
Abstract:To effectively support the Healthy China Initiative, China is exploring the development of a geohealth survey. However, due to the insufficient understanding of the concept of geohealthy, aunified working philosophy and technical approach have not yet been formed, which restricts the promotion of this work throughout the country.This paper reviewed the latest research results on the investigation and evaluation of soil and water quality and the prevention and control of endemic disease by employing literature research, qualitative analysis and comparative analysis. Special attention was paid to the research ideas and latest progress of endemic diseases such as fluorosis, arsenism, goiter (including cretinism), Kashin-Beck disease and Keshan disease, which are widely distributed and highly influential in China. It was found that the geohealth survey takes the water and soil quality affecting human health as the core index, which is the major difference between it and the traditional geological surveys.In the geohealth survey, we should ① Strengthen the application of water-rock interaction research methods and groundwater flow system analysis methods, ② Emphasize the analysis of the migration, transformation, and exposure pathways of elements in the earth superficial spheres of lithosphere-soilosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere-biosphere, and ③ Insist on the principles of combining earth system science and life science, combining systemic monitoring of multi-factors with single-factor dominant observation, combining investigation and monitoring of geological environment and human health indicators, and combining comprehensive regional investigation with the typical case study. It is suggested to orderly promote the tasks of geohealth survey, monitoring, evaluation, zoning and intelligent services, and deploy keyworks such as ensuring safe water supply, providing healthy drinking water, developing high-quality water, delineating inferior plots, developing high-quality arable land, and planning agricultural parks with beneficial elements. A cross-scale background investigation of water and soil quality, resource attribute analysis and social value assessment was proposed, with varying focus on different scales: overall control at the regional scale, fine characterization at the watershed scale, key anatomy monitoring at the village and town scale, and exploration and demonstration of engineering measures at the point. A conceptual framework of the relationship between water and soil quality and human health was constructed, and the control thresholds of key factors were screened to meet the population′s health needs for safety, fairness, happiness, culture, and sustainability. The results of this study clarify the core tasks and main directions of the current geohealth survey, providing a reference for decision-making in the advancement and deployment of this work, which is still in the exploratory stage.
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Key words:
- human health /
- water and soil quality investigation /
- endemic diseases /
- geohealth survey
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图 1 中国主要地方病区地下水勘查与安全供水示范技术体系
Figure 1. A model technical system for groundwater exploration and safe water supply in major endemic areas in China
图 2 水土质量健康地质调查工作思路框图
Figure 2. Block diagram of water and soil quality and health geological work
图 3 水土质量与人群健康关系概念框架图
Figure 3. Conceptual framework of the relationship between water and soil quality and human health
表 1 水土质量与人群(成人)健康关系部分关键指标阈值统计表(据文献[53])
Table 1. Statistical value of thresholds for selected key indicators of soil and water quality relation to population (adult) health
元素 健康功能 参考摄入量 超量 K 人体电化学、酸碱平衡调节以及水分配渗透控制 2 000 mg/d F 在人体中，主要存在于骨骼和牙齿中，口腔内保持一定的低氟水平，能有效防治龋齿 1.5 mg/d 3.5 mg/d I 促进体内物质的分解，促进儿童骨骼、肌肉、性功能的生长，参与甲状腺激素的分泌 120 μg/d 600 μg/d Ca 参与骨骼形成、肌肉收缩、心脏跳动、神经以及大脑的思维活动、人体的生长发育、消除疲劳、健脑益智和延缓衰老等 800 mg/d 2 000 mg/d Se 酶催化，抗氧化，氧化还原调节，抗肿瘤，清楚肝炎病毒 60 μg/d 400 μg/d Zn 促进人体生长发育，维持人体正常食欲，增强人体免疫力，促进伤口和创伤愈合，影响维生素代谢和正常视觉等 12.5 mg/d 40 mg/d 
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