巴西桑托斯盆地C区块火成岩发育特征及对油气成藏的影响

赵健; 张洁; 赵俊峰; 任康绪; 王朝锋; 郭渊

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20210489

巴西桑托斯盆地C区块火成岩发育特征及对油气成藏的影响

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20210489

赵健^{1, 2,},
张洁¹,
赵俊峰¹,
任康绪^{1, 2},
王朝锋³,
郭渊¹

1.
中国石油国际勘探开发公司, 北京 100034
2.
中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
3.
中国石油杭州地质研究院, 杭州 310023

基金项目:

国家科技重大专项"海外重点探区目标评价与未来领域选区选带研究" 2016ZX05029005

详细信息

作者简介:
赵健(1982-), 男, 高级工程师, 主要从事海外油气勘探与石油地质综合研究工作。E-mail: Zhaojian@cnpcint.com

中图分类号: P618.13
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-09

Characteristics of igneous rocks and their significance in hydrocarbon accumulation in Block C of Santos Basin, SE Brazil

1.
China National Oil and Gas Exploration & Development Corporation, Beijing 100034, China
2.
PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China
3.
PetroChina Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology, Hangzhou 310023, China

摘要

摘要:
桑托斯盆地盐下碳酸盐储层中火成岩分布广泛，以盆地C区块为解剖区，通过对区内火成岩岩石学、年代学以及CO₂气体同位素测试分析等，明确了区内火成岩发育特征，剖析了其对油气成藏的影响。C区块至少经历了阿普特期和圣通-坎潘期2期岩浆活动，其中阿普特期岩浆以喷发岩为主，经历了多次喷发，并伴有多次侵入；圣通-坎潘期岩浆规模较小，侵入比较随机。阿普特期岩浆多次喷发改造古地形，形成局部凸起，促成并控制了Itapema组介壳灰岩的沉积发育，形成了巨厚的火山岩-介壳灰岩复合体，不仅造成了局部构造反转和圈闭高点迁移，而且也促成了Barra Velha组优质微生物灰岩的发育。区块北翼属早期古隆，Barra Velha组也发育一定规模微生物灰岩滩体。圣通-坎潘期及之后岩浆活动伴生的CO₂大规模侵入，对烃类流体进行萃取和抽提改造，形成含凝析油的CO₂气藏。
- 桑托斯盆地 /
- C区块 /
- 火成岩 /
- 构造反转 /
- 碳酸盐沉积 /
- CO₂含量 /
- 成藏模式 /
- 巴西
Abstract:
Santos Basin is characterized by multiple phases of magmatic events and widespread distribution of igneous rocks, which have significant affect of hydrocarbon accumulation. Taking Block C of Santos Basin as a typical and representative example, this paper focused on the characteristics of igneous rocks and their roles in hydrocarbon accumulation through the analysis of igneous rock petrology, geochronology, petrogeochemistry, and gas isotopes. In Block C, at least two main stages of magma events were developed: Aptian magma (122.8±0.6-110.8±0.6 Ma) and Santonian-Campanian magma (84.2±0.7-77.4±0.4). The Aptian magma is dominated by eruptive rocks and has experienced dozens of eruptions, accompanied by several layers of subvolcanic rocks. In comparison, Santonian-Campanian magma is distributed in a relatively random pattern. The multipulse eruption of Aptian magma formed an igneous rock-coquinas complex of more than 600 meters in thickness, inducing a local paleohigh in Itapema Formation. This directly caused the trap crest to shift and contributed to the development of high-quality carbonate deposition in Barra Velha Formation. Before the eruption of Aptian magma, the north flank of Block C was paleohigh, where a particular scale of microbial carbonate reservoirs was anticipated to develop in the Barra Velha Formation as well. These carbonate reservoirs were favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation. The later Santonian-Campanian intrusions also impact carbonate reservoirs through hydrothermal fluid circulation and contact metamorphism. Meanwhile, a large amount of associated CO₂ accumulated in the trap led to a high GOR (gas oil ratio) and high CO₂ content and changed the fluid composition through the extraction process.A CO₂ gas reservoir with condensed oil was eventually formed in the current crest in Block C, as proven by drilled well A.Another pool with high CO₂ content is also expected in its north flank, to be demonstrated in the future.
- Santos Basin /
- Block C /
- igneous rock /
- structure inversion /
- carbonate sedimentary /
- CO₂ content /
- geological reservoir model /
- Brazil

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图 1 巴西桑托斯盆地构造单元划分及地层柱状图

Figure 1. Structural unit division and integrated stratum column of the Santos Basin, Brazil

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 C区块位置、盐底构造图及过井地质剖面示意图

PIC等为地层名称，分别对应如下: PIC.Picarras; ITP.Itapema; BVE.Barra Velha

Figure 2. Regional location, base-salt structure map and cross-well geological section of Block C

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图 3 C区块喷发岩样品及薄片镜下特征(样品均来自A井，深度为数千米)

a~a1.块状玄武岩；b~b1.杏仁状玄武岩；c~c1.再沉积碎玻质熔岩

Figure 3. SWC samples and their photomicrographs of extrusive rocks in Block C

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图 4 C区块侵入岩样品及薄片镜下特征

a~a1.暗色块状辉绿岩A井；b~b1.辉长岩，B井；c~c1.发育裂缝的煌斑岩，A井

Figure 4. SWC samples and their photomicrographs of intrusive rocks in Block C

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 C区块阿普特期火山成因隆起及BVE微生物灰岩滩体分布(剖面位置见图 1-a)

Figure 5. Structure high induced by Aptian igneous rocks and corresponding deposition of BVE carbonate mound in North-flank Block C

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图 6 C区块典型的碳酸盐岩薄片镜下特征

B井“底部巨厚泥灰岩+顶部薄层藻灰岩”和A井“底部薄层泥灰岩+顶部巨厚(约180 m)藻灰岩”岩性组合差异不仅反映了Barra Velha组沉积环境横向变化，表明A井古地貌较高、属浅水高能环境。a.纹层状泥岩; a1.含球粒灰岩; a2.球粒灰岩; a3.叠层石灰岩; b.纹层泥灰岩; b1.鲕粒灰岩; b2.叠层石灰岩; b3.叠层石灰岩; c.泥晶灰岩; c1.含介壳泥灰岩; c2.介壳灰岩; c3.介壳灰岩

Figure 6. Typical photomicrographs of carbonate reservoir in Block C

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图 7 C区块圈闭CO₂及烃类流体分布模式图(剖面位置见图 1-b)

a.北翼滩体和A井滩体连通，具有统一的油气水系统; b.北翼滩体和A井滩体不连通，2套独立油气水系统

Figure 7. Distribution pattern of CO₂ and hydrocarbon accumulation model in Block C

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表 1 C区块火成岩岩石类型、特征及分布

Table 1. Main types, characteristics and distribution of igneous rocks in Block C

火成岩相	岩石名称	岩石结构	矿物组成	备注	分布
喷发相	块状玄武岩	间隐结构、玻基斑状结构、聚斑状结构	碱性长石、斜长石、辉石和橄榄石	高玻璃质/晶体比例高，局部含有气孔	A井
	气孔(杏仁) 状玄武岩	间隐结构、不等粒结构、等粒结构、玻基斑状结构、半晶质结构	斜长石、少量橄榄石和辉石	杏仁多被充填钙质、泥质和硫化物
	碎玻质熔岩	隐晶质结构，偶见玻基斑状结构	斜长石斑晶细晶和火山玻璃和不透明矿物	可分为碎玻质熔岩和再沉积碎玻质熔岩
侵入相	辉绿(长)岩	辉绿结构、辉长结构、包含结构、不等粒结构、斑状结构	斜长石、橄榄石、辉石和火山玻璃	全晶质至半晶质，少见玻璃质	A、B井
侵入相	煌斑岩	全晶质细粒岩，不等粒结构	橄榄石、镁铁质矿物、斜长石斑晶	基质也属全晶质，以细粒铁质-镁铁质矿物为主	A井

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表 2 C区块火成岩Ar-Ar^*地质年龄统计

Table 2. Statistics of Ar-Ar^* geological age for igneous rocks in Block C

井号	层组	岩性	测试样品	坪年龄/Ma	备注
A井	BVE	煌斑岩	全岩	76.9±0.2
	BVE	煌斑岩	全岩	77.4±0.4
	ITP	碎玻质熔岩	全岩	116.6±0.6
		块状玄武岩	斜长石	111.2±0.5
		块状玄武岩	斜长石	110.8±0.6
		辉绿岩	全岩	122.8±0.6	测试样品见图 4-a和4-a1
			全岩	122.8±0.6
			斜长石	122.1±1.0
			斜长石	121.3±0.7
B井	BVE	碱性辉长岩	角闪石	83.9±0.3
		碱性辉长岩	角闪石	81.8±2.4
		碱性辉长岩	角闪石	81.6±0.3
			角闪石	81.7±1.7
			黑云母	82.6±0.2
			黑云母	83.6±0.9
		碱性辉长岩	角闪石	84.2±0.7	测试样品见图 4-b和4-b1
		碱性辉长岩	角闪石	82.4±0.7	测试样品见图 4-b和4-b1
*样品制备及测试在澳大利亚昆士兰大学UQ-AGES实验室完成

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