贵州省毕节市米底河地热特征及形成机理

林华颖; 裴鹏; 邹行; 焦安军

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20210675

贵州省毕节市米底河地热特征及形成机理

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20210675

贵州大学矿业学院，贵阳 550025

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 52066005

贵州省科技支撑计划项目黔科合支撑[2020]2Y025

贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目黔教合KY字[2017]117

详细信息

作者简介:
林华颖(1995—)，现正攻读矿业工程专业硕士学位，主要从事地热方向研究工作。E-mail: eternity37326@gmail.com

通讯作者:
裴鹏(1982—)，教授，主要从事地热方向研究工作。E-mail: ppei@gzu.edy.cn

中图分类号: P314
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-12-28

Geothermal characteristics and formation mechanism of the Medi River in Bijie City, Guizhou Province

College of Mining Engineering, Guizou University, Guiyang 550025, China

摘要

摘要:
研究地热资源形成机理及水化学特征可为资源综合利用与开发提供参考。通过采集贵州省毕节市米底河水样进行水化学特征分析，采用Piper三线图、地温温标法和音频大地电磁等手段对米底河地下热水水化学和形成机理进行了研究。研究表明，该地区受平寨穹窿构造影响穹窿内节理构造极其发育，利于深部热水向穹窿内承压相对低区域运移，形成褶皱穹起构造对流型地下热水资源；通过区域断层探测，推断该区域存在5条断层破碎带(或者裂隙)，其中F₄与F₁₃断层产状较陡，向下延伸较浅；F₉比较明显，倾向北西；F₁走向近似南北向，倾向北西，延伸较深；F₁₇与F₁₈反映较为明显，但是延伸较浅，推断F₁断层具有良好的控热性，是地下热水上涌的有利位置；在平寨穹窿边部环带接受大气降水入渗补给后径流至2 500 m深度内获得围岩的加热，并在上覆寒武系碎屑岩隔水、保温盖层的作用下，于震旦系灯影组白云岩中形成深部承压热储；水化学特征分析得出地热水属低矿化度水，地热井水源中Na⁺为主要阳离子，占45%左右，其次为Ca²⁺与Mg²⁺，占49%左右。阴离子中HCO₃^-占主体，SO₄^2-占39%，Cl^-几乎没有，因此地下热水水化学类型为HCO₃^-·SO₄^2--Na·Ca型；根据玉髓温标得出地热井地下热水热储温度为53.98℃，地温梯度为2.85℃/100m，地下热水循环深度在2 500 m左右。研究结果对贵州毕节地区地热资源开发利用具有较好的指导意义。
- 米底河 /
- 地热 /
- 水化学 /
- 音频大地电磁 /
- Piper三线图 /
- 贵州省毕节市
Abstract:
To study the formation mechanism and hydration characteristics of geothermal resources and provide a reference for the comprehensive utilization and development of resources. Collect the water samples from Midi River in Bijie City, Guizhou Province, analyze the hydrochemical characteristics, and adopt the Piper trilinear diagram, geothermal and landmark method and audio magnetotelluric method to study the geothermal hydration and formation mechanism of Midi River. The research indicates: affected by Pingzhai dome structure, the internal joint structure in the dome is very developed in this region, which is conducive to the migration of deep thermal water to the relatively low area in the dome, forming the convective underground thermal water resources of the fold dome structure.Through regional fault detection, it is inferred that there are five shattered fault zones (or fissures) in this region, among which F₄ and F₁₃ faults have steep occurrence and shallow downward extension; F₉ is more pronounced and tends to be northwest; F₁ has a nearly northsouth trend, tends to northwest, and extends deeper; F₁₇ and F₁₈ are more obvious, but the extension is shallow. It is inferred that the F₁ fault has good thermal control lability and is a favorable position for underground thermal water upwelling. Heating of the surrounding rock is obtained within 2 500 m depth of runoff after receiving infiltration recharge water from atmospheric precipitation in the rim of Pingzhai dome, and a deep pressure-bearing thermal reservoir is formed in the dolomite of Dengying Formation of Sinian System under the action of overlying Cambrian clastic rock water-resisting and heat-preservation overburden. The analysis of hydrochemical characteristics shows that geothermal water is low-salinity water. Na⁺ is the main positive ion in geothermal well water, accounting for approximately 45%, followed by Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, accounting for approximately 49%. HCO₃^- accounts for the main negative ion, SO₄^2- accounts for 39%, and Cl^- accounts for almost no, so the chemical type of geothermal water is HCO₃^-·SO₄^2--Na·Ca; the geothermal reservoir temperature of the geothermal well is 53.98℃, the geothermal gradient is 2.85℃/100 m, and the circulation depth of the geothermal water is approximately 2 500 m.The research results have a good guiding significance for the exploitation and utilization of geothermal resources in Bijie City, Guizhou Province.
- Medi River /
- geothermal /
- water chemistry /
- audio frequency magnetotelluric /
- Piper trilinear diagram /
- Bijie City, Guizhou Province

HTML全文

图 1 区域地质构造略图

1.二级构造单元界线；2.三级构造单元界线；3.四级构造单元界线；4.省界; 5.背斜轴线；6.向斜轴线；7.穹窿；8.盆地；9.断层；10.构造单元分区代号；11.研究区; Ⅰ₁A³.贵阳复杂构造变形区；Ⅰ₁A².凤冈北北东构造变形区；Ⅰ₁B.六盘水断陷

Figure 1. Sketch map of the regional geological structure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 平寨穹窿构造图

1.构造等高线及高程(m)；2.根据航空像片描绘的大型节理；3.大型节理等密度线(等密间距单位为条/km²；4.中二叠统梁山组与中上寒武统娄山关组之间的侵蚀线；5.应力状态(实线代表共轭扭面；虚线代表最大挤压应力轴)；6.大堰村以布罗地热井

Figure 2. Structural map of the Pingzhai Dome

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 地下热水Piper三线图

Figure 3. Piper trilinear diagram of geothermal water

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 地温井温度随井深变化曲线

Figure 4. Curve of change in temperature of geothermal well with the well depth

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 音频大地电磁测深视电阻率反演拟断面图

a.1号剖面；b.2号剖面；c.3号剖面

Figure 5. Pseudosection map of apparent resistivity inversion for audio-frequency magnetotelluric sounding

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 地下热水形成示意图

T₁yn⁴.三叠系永宁组四段；T₁yn³.三叠系永宁组三段；T₁yn².三叠系永宁组二段；T₁yn¹.三叠系永宁组一段；T₁y³.三叠系夜郎组三段；T₁y^1-2.三叠系夜郎组一二段；P₃c+d.上二叠统长兴组和大隆组；P₃l.上二叠统龙潭组；P₂m.中二叠统茅口组；P₂q.中二叠统栖霞组；P₂l.中二叠统梁山组；∈_2-3ls.中上寒武统娄山关组；∈₂g.中寒武统高台组；∈₁q.下寒武统清虚洞组；∈₁j.下寒武统金顶山组；∈₁m.下寒武统明心寺组；∈₁n.下寒武统牛蹄塘组；Pt₃³-∈₁dy.震旦系至寒武系灯影组；Pt₃³d.震旦系陡山沱组；1.断层构造；2.热储层；3.大气降水；4.大地热流；5.地下热水流向；6.地热井及编号；7.地层界线；8.雨水沿断层下渗方向

Figure 6. Sketch map of the formation of geothermal hot water

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 地下热水水质分析及主要化学成分对比

Table 1. Comparison of main chemical components and quality analysise of underground thermal water

项目	ZK01	项目	ZK01
水温/℃	61	锑	＜0.001
pH值	7.51	银	＜0.001
溶解性总固体	887	镉	＜0.000 1
总硬度(以CaCO₃计)	295	汞	＜0.000 05
耗氧量(以O₂计)	0.77	HCO₃^-	363
Na⁺	121	SO₄^2-	230
Ca²⁺	78.1	偏硅酸	44.6
Mg²⁺	22.6	Cl^-	41.2
K⁺	22.3	二氧化硅(SiO₂)	34.3
锶	4.21	游离二氧化碳	17.5
硼	0.51	F^-ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)	5.29
Fe²⁺ρ_B/(mg·L^-1)	＜0.05	偏硼酸	2.06
Fe³⁺	＜0.05	NO₃^-	1.89
锂	0.35	阴离子合成洗涤剂	＜0.05
锰	0.099	碘化物	＜0.01
钡	0.07	溴化物	＜0.01
砷	0.008	亚硝酸盐	＜0.002
镍	＜0.006	氰化物	＜0.001
铜	＜0.006	挥发酚	0.003
铬(六价)	＜0.004	CO₃^2-	0
锌	＜0.001	总β放射性	0.86(Bq/L)
硒	＜0.001	总α放射性	0.40(Bq/L)
铅	＜0.001
注：数据由贵州省地质矿产中心实验室于2020年检测

下载: 导出CSV

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