反粒序砂土体内侵蚀及渗流特性变化规律试验研究

宋宜祥; 管景华; 李彦奇; 黄达

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20210693

反粒序砂土体内侵蚀及渗流特性变化规律试验研究

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20210693

1.
河北工业大学土木与交通学院, 天津 300401
2.
河北经贸大学校园规划与建设处, 石家庄 050067

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41902290

国家自然科学基金项目 41672300

国家自然科学基金项目 41972297

河北省自然科学基金项目 D2020202002

河北省自然科学基金项目 D202102002

详细信息

作者简介:
宋宜祥(1987—), 男, 副教授, 主要从事地质灾害和岩土工程数值模拟研究。E-mail: syxdlut2010@163.com

通讯作者:
黄达(1976—), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 主要从事岩石力学与地质灾害方面研究。E-mail: dahuang@hebut.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU41
计量
- 文章访问数: 962
- PDF下载量: 70
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-02-11

Experimental study on the change law of internal erosion and seepage characteristics of inverse grading sand accumulation

1.
School of Civil and Tansportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
2.
Campus Planning and Construction Department, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang 050067, China

摘要

摘要:
反粒序堆积体常见于高速远程滑坡的流通区和堆积区。针对其粒径上大下小的特殊结构和较强透水性而诱发堆积体不稳定的问题, 采用自制的渗流侵蚀试验装置对颗粒粒径为0.075~20 mm的7组连续及间断颗粒级配反粒序土样进行了试验, 研究了反粒序砂土体渗流侵蚀过程中参数变化和细颗粒迁移模式及规律。结果表明：在反粒序堆积土样中, 细颗粒含量和不均匀系数对反粒序砂土体的渗流侵蚀有重要影响, 细颗粒含量越高, 不均匀系数越大, 则起始渗流系数越小。反粒序砂土体发生管涌颗粒跃层后, 底层颗粒流失量最多, 且粒径为0.075~0.125 mm的颗粒流失比最大。反粒序堆积体整体的渗流能力主要取决于底部的细颗粒含量, 细颗粒含量越高, 临界水力梯度越大。在连续级配土样中, 水力梯度与渗流系数呈二次函数关系；在间断级配反粒序土样中, 细颗粒含量超过45%时, 土样趋于稳定。反粒序堆积体发生管涌后, 其颗粒呈现剥离-沉淀-剥离-沉淀中下层颗粒交替侵蚀的运移模式。研究结果对于该类灾害形成机理与防治研究具有理论和实际应用意义。
- 反粒序 /
- 堆积体 /
- 细颗粒含量 /
- 颗粒迁移 /
- 管涌 /
- 渗流侵蚀
Abstract:
Inverse grading deposits are commonly found in circulation and accumulation areas of high-speed and long-distance landslides. Due to its special structure of large particle size at the top and small at the bottom and strong permeability, the accumulation is highly susceptible to unstable failure. In this study, using a self-designed device, seepage erosion tests were conducted on seven sets of inverse grading soil samples with continuous and discontinuous particle gradation of particle size 0.075-20 mm to investigate the parameter changes and fine particle migration patterns and laws during seepage erosion of inverse grading sand mass. The results show that the fine particle content and nonuniformity coefficient have an important influence on the seepage erosion of the inverse grading soil samples. The higher the fine particle content, the greater the nonuniformity coefficient and the lower the initial seepage coefficient. After the occurrence of cross-layer tube surge particles, the bottom layer of particle loss is the most, and the particle size of 0.075-0.125 mm particle loss ratio is the largest.The seepage capacity of the inverse grading sand mass depends mainly on the content of fine particles at the bottom. The higher the content of fine particles is, the greater the critical hydraulic gradient will be.In continuous graded soil samples, the relationship between the hydraulic gradient is quadratically related to the percolation coefficient.Soil samples with discontinuous particle gradation are stabilized when the content of fine particles exceeds 45%.After tube gushing occurred in the reverse grain sequence accumulation body, the particles show a migration pattern of stripping-precipitation-stripping-precipitation alternately eroded particles in the middle and lower layers. The study has theoretical and practical significance for the formation mechanism and prevention of such disasters.
- inverse grading /
- sand accumulation /
- fine particle content /
- particle migration /
- piping /
- seepage and erosion

HTML全文

图 1 反粒序堆积结构示意图^[3]

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of inverse grading accumulation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 渗流侵蚀试验装置

Figure 2. Seepage erosion test device

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 易贡滑坡堆积体竖向级配曲线^[20]

Figure 3. Vertical grading curve of the Yigong landslide accumulation body

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 连续级配方程拟合的易贡滑坡堆积体级配曲线^[20]

Figure 4. Grading curve of the Yigong landslide accumulation body fitted by the continuous gradation equation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 牛圈沟滑坡碎屑堆积体竖向级配曲线^[3]

Figure 5. Vertical grading curve of the debris accumulation body in the Niu Juangou landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 滑坡分形维数变化图

Figure 6. Fractal dimension change diagram of landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 连续级配(a)和间断级配(b)曲线图

Figure 7. Continuous (a) and discontinuous (b) gradation curves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 装载完成后的试样

Figure 8. Samples after loading

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 试验结束后土样情况

a.未发生管涌试样; b.发生管涌试样

Figure 9. Soil samples after the test

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 收集管内颗粒流失情况

a.少量颗粒流失；b.大量颗粒流失

Figure 10. Particle loss in the collection tube

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 不同水力梯度下细颗粒流失量对比

Figure 11. Comparison of fine particle loss under different hydraulic gradients

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 试样DF中下层试验前后各粒径颗粒质量流失情况

Figure 12. Mass loss of each particle size in the middle and lower layer of sample DF before and after the test

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 连续级配试样CA、CD平均渗流系数变化

Figure 13. Change in the average permeability coefficient of the soil samples CA and CD with continuous grading

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 水力梯度对渗流系数的影响

Figure 14. Influence of the hydraulic gradient on the seepage coefficient

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 间断级配试样DE、DF、DG平均渗流系数变化

Figure 15. Change in the average permeability coefficient of the discontinuous graded samples DE, DF and DG

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 试样CA、DE平均渗流系数与局部渗流系数变化

Figure 16. Changes in the average permeability coefficient and local seepage coefficient of the samples CA and DE

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 试样DE中层和下层渗流系数变化

Figure 17. Change in the seepage coefficient in the middle and lower layers of the sample DE

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 试样DE收集筒内颗粒收集情况

Figure 18. Particle collection in the sample DF collection cylinder

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 试样DE、DF下层渗流系数变化图

Figure 19. Changes in the seepage coefficient in the lower layer of the samples DE and DF

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 颗粒级配特征

Table 1. Particle gradation characteristics

试样名称		有效粒径d₁₀/ mm	d₃₀/ mm	限制粒径d₆₀/ mm	不均匀系数C_u	曲率系数C_c
CA	A1	0.161	0.707	2.516	15.63	1.23
	A2	0.109	0.499	1.813	16.63	1.26
	A3	0.096	0.356	1.189	12.39	1.11
CB	B1	0.213	0.851	2.802	13.15	1.21
	B2	0.148	0.603	2.060	13.92	1.19
	B3	0.122	0.434	1.371	11.24	1.13
CC	C1	0.265	0.994	3.100	11.70	1.20
	C2	0.187	0.720	2.320	12.41	1.19
	C3	0.148	0.512	1.553	10.49	1.14
CD	D1	0.330	1.150	3.387	10.26	1.18
	D2	0.239	0.851	2.568	10.74	1.18
	D3	0.187	0.603	1.735	9.28	1.12
DE	E1	0.830	6.620	12.100	14.58	4.36
	E2	0.407	2.000	10.676	26.23	0.92
	E3	0.196	1.232	9.069	46.27	0.85
DF	F1	0.830	6.620	12.100	14.58	4.36
	F2	0.407	2.000	10.676	26.23	0.92
	F3	0.158	1.000	8.258	52.27	0.77
DG	G1	0.830	6.620	12.100	14.58	4.36
	G2	0.407	2.000	10.676	26.23	0.92
	G3	0.137	0.854	7.344	53.69	0.73

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(31)

[1]	程谦恭, 张倬元, 黄润秋. 高速远程崩滑动力学的研究现状及发展趋势[J]. 山地学报, 2007, 25(1): 72-84. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2007.01.007 Cheng Q G, Zhang Z Y, Huang R Q. Study on dynamics of rock avalanches: State of the art report[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2007, 25(1): 72-84(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-2786.2007.01.007
[2]	Heim A. Landslides and human lives[M]. Vancouver, B C: Bitech Publishers, 1932: 93-94.
[3]	王玉峰, 程谦恭, 朱圻. 汶川地震触发高速远程滑坡-碎屑流堆积反粒序特征及机制分析[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(6): 1089-1106. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2012.06.002 Wang Y F, Cheng Q G, Zhu Q. Inverse grading analysis of deposit from rock avalanches triggered by Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics Engineering, 2012, 31(6): 1089-1106(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6915.2012.06.002
[4]	Zhou J, Cui P, Yang X. Dynamic process analysis for the initiation and movement of the Donghekou landslide-debris flow triggered by the Wenchuan Earthquake[J]. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 2013, 76: 70-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jseaes.2013.08.007
[5]	Strom A L. Mechanism of stratification and abnormal crushing of rockslide deposits[C]//Anon. Proc. 7th International IAEG Congress. Balkema Rotterdam: [s. n.], 1994: 1287-1295.
[6]	Bertran P. The rock-avalanche of February 1995 at Claix(French Alps)[J]. Geomorphology, 2003, 54(3): 339-346. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ShoppingCartURL&_method=add&_eid=1-s2.0-S0169555X03000412&originContentFamily=serial&_origin=article&_ts=1470975285&md5=17f573dacfb8e7d07f3ee1d73e522861
[7]	Cruden D M, Hungr O. The debris of the frank slide and theories of rockslide-avalanche mobility[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1986, 23(3): 425-432. doi: 10.1139/e86-044
[8]	邹志文, 李辉, 徐洋, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷下三叠统百口泉组扇三角洲沉积特征[J]. 地质科技情报, 2015, 34(2): 20-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201502004.htm Zhou Z W, Li H, Xu Y, et al. Sedimentary characteristics of the Baikouquan Formation, Lower Triassic in the Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2015, 34(2): 20-26(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201502004.htm
[9]	刘自亮, 王多云, 李凤杰, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田主要储层砂体的成因与演化[J]. 地质科技情报, 2008, 27(2): 68-72. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200802013.htm Liu Z L, Wang D Y, Li F J, et al. Genetic and evolution of main reservoir sand bodies in Xifeng Oilfield, Ordos Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2008, 27(2): 68-72(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ200802013.htm
[10]	叶茂松, 解习农, 黄灿. 陆相坳陷湖盆斜坡带层序格架下沉积模式及隐蔽圈闭勘探: 以准噶尔盆地车排子凸起春光油田白垩系为例[J]. 地质科技情报, 2014, 33(4): 149-158. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201404023.htm Ye M S, Xie X N, Huang C. Depositional models and subtle trap exploration under sequence stratigraphic framework in slope belt of continental lacustrine depression basin: An example as Chunguang Cretaceous Oilfiled in Chepaizi area, Junggar Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2014, 33(4): 149-158(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZKQ201404023.htm
[11]	王志兵, 汪稔, 胡明鉴, 等. 颗粒运移对蒋家沟土体渗透性影响的试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2011, 32(7): 2017-2024. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2011.07.017 Wang Z B, Wang R, Hu M J, et al. Effects of particle transport characteristics on permeability of soils from Jiangjiagou ravine[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(7): 2017-2024(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2011.07.017
[12]	袁涛, 蒋中明, 刘德谦, 等. 粗粒土渗透损伤特性试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2018, 39(4): 1311-1316, 1336. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201804022.htm Yuan T, Jiang Z M, Liu D Q, et al. Experiment on the seepage damage coarse grain soil[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2018, 39(4): 1311-1316, 1336(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX201804022.htm
[13]	朱秦, 苏立君, 刘振宇, 等. 颗粒迁移作用下宽级配土渗透性研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2021, 42(1): 125-134. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX202101014.htm Zhu Q, Su L J, Liu Z Y, et al. Study of seepage in wide-grading soils with particles migration[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2021, 42(1): 125-134(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX202101014.htm
[14]	Xiao M, Shwiyhat N. Experimental investigation of the effects of suffusion on physical and geomechanic characteristics of sandy soils[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2012, 35(6): 104594. doi: 10.1520/GTJ104594
[15]	常东升, 张利民. 土体渗透稳定性判定准则[J]. 岩土力学, 2011, 32(增刊1): 253-259. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX2011S1045.htm Chang D S, Zhang L M. Internal stability criteria for soils[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(S1): 253-259(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX2011S1045.htm
[16]	Andrianatrehina L, Hanène Souli, Joël R, et al. Analysis of the internal stability of coarse granular materials according to various criteria[J]. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2015, 20(8): 936-953. doi: 10.1080/19648189.2015.1084385
[17]	Chang D S, Zhang L M. A stress-controlled erosion apparatus for studying internal erosion in soils[J]. Geotechnical Testing Journal, 2011, 34(6): 579-589.
[18]	Luzio E D, Bianchi-Fasani G, Esposito C, et al. Massive rock-slope failure in the Central Apennines(Italy): The case of the Campo di Giove rock avalanche[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2004, 63(1): 1-12.
[19]	彭双麒. 滑坡-碎屑流堆积体粒度分布研究[D]. 成都: 成都理工大学, 2020. Peng S L. The study for grain size distribution of rock avalanche deposit[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu Univerisity of Technology, 2020(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]	林小龙. 高速远程滑坡颗粒组构特征与竖向分带研究[D]. 成都: 西南交通大学, 2019. Lin X L. Study on debris composition and related effects on vertical grading of rock avalanche deposits[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiaotong University, 2019(in Chinese with English abstract).
[21]	Hungr D. The debris of the frank slide and theories of rockslide-avalanche mobility[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 1986, 23(3): 425-432.
[22]	Wang Y F, Cheng Q G, Yuan Y Q, et al. Emplacement mechanisms of the Tagarma rock avalanche on the Pamir-western Himalayan syntaxis of the Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Landslides, 2020, 17(3): 527-542. doi: 10.1007/s10346-019-01298-1
[23]	Strom A L. Rock avalanches of the Ardon River valley at the southern foot of the Rocky Range, Northern Caucasus, North Osetia[J]. Landslides, 2004, 1(3): 237-241. http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000034488404010_f20e.html
[24]	朱俊高, 郭万里, 王元龙, 等. 连续级配土的级配方程及其适用性研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2015, 37(10): 1931-1936. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201510029.htm Zhu J G, Guo W L, Wang Y L, et al. Equation for soil gradation curve and its applicability[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2015, 37(10): 1931-1936(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201510029.htm
[25]	于际都, 刘斯宏, 王涛, 等. 间断级配粗粒土压实特性试验研究[J]. 岩土工程学报, 2019, 41(11): 2142-2148. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201911024.htm Yu J D, Liu S H, Wang T, et al. Experimental research on compaction characteristics of gap-graded coarse-grained soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 2019, 41(11): 2142-2148(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTGC201911024.htm
[26]	Liang Y, Yeh T, Zha Y, et al. Onset of suffusion in gap-graded soils under upward seepage[J]. Soils and Foundations-Tokyo, 2017, 57(5): 849-860. http://www.onacademic.com/detail/journal_1000040110924210_c00c.html
[27]	朱韶茹, 潘梽橼, 杨丽平, 等. 土力学与地基基础[M]. 南京: 东南大学出版社, 2017. Zhu S R, Pang Z Y, Yang L P, et al. Soil mechanics and foundation[M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2017(in Chinese).
[28]	Andrianatrehina L, Souli H, Rech J, et al. Analysis of the internal stability of coarse granular materials according to various criteria[J]. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2016, 20(8): 936-953.
[29]	田大浪, 谢强, 宁越, 等. 间断级配砂砾石土的渗透变形试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2020, 41(11): 3663-3670. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX202011017.htm Tian D L, Xie Q, Ning Y, et al. Experimental investigation on seepage deformation of gap-graded sand-gravel soils[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2020, 41(11): 3663-3670(in Chinese with English abstract). https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YTLX202011017.htm
[30]	赵军, 闫文雯, 徐通, 等. 朝阳沟阶地扶杨油层微观孔隙结构及渗流机理分析[J]. 地质科技通报, 2023, 42(2): 194-206. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0111 Zhao J, Yan W W, Xu T, et al. Microscopic pore structure and seepage mechanism of Fuyang oil reservoir in Chaoyanggou Terrace[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2023, 42(2): 194-206(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0111
[31]	唐军峰, 唐雪梅, 肖鹏, 等. 库水位升降与降雨作用下大型滑坡体渗流稳定性分析[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 40(4): 153-161. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0409 Tang J F, Tang X M, Xiao P, et al. Analysis of seepage stability of large-scale landslide under water-level fluctuation and rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(4): 153-161(in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0409