Improved slope unit method for fine evaluation of regional landslide susceptibility
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摘要:
易发性评价是区域滑坡灾害风险预警与稳定性分析的基础，针对乡镇尺度的大比例尺精细化滑坡易发性评价，传统基于水文学和地貌学的斜坡单元划分方法难以满足评价精度。针对以上问题，以重庆市万州区大周镇为实例验证对象，形成了适用于精细化评价的改进斜坡单元划分方法。首先从斜坡地质环境孕灾规律出发，综合考虑地形地貌、物质组成、斜坡结构和灾害类型的均一性要求，提出了基于斜坡地质环境一致性的改进斜坡单元划分方法，选择重庆市万州区大周镇为实例验证对象，并与水文分析法、曲率分水岭法进行了对比分析。结果表明：①改进斜坡单元法划分的评价单元大小均匀性较好，未出现细碎单元或畸形长条状单元；②评价单元的总体形态特征更为合理，形态指数集中在1~2之间，呈现圆形或正方形斜坡形态；③改进斜坡单元划分的结果与已有灾害边界范围的叠加重合度最高，能更好地体现滑坡易发性评价或稳定性分析物理意义。研究结论对提高区域滑坡易发性评价的准确性与精度具有重要借鉴意义。
Abstract:Susceptibility evaluation is the basis of regional landslide risk early warning and stability analysis. Scientific and reasonable division of evaluation unit is the key to landslide susceptibility evaluation. For large-scale fine landslide susceptibility evaluation, the traditional slope unit division method based on hydrology and geomorphology generally results in low accuracy of the evaluation. In this paper, an improved slope unit method based on the slope geological environment is proposed. Dazhou Town was selected as an example and the obtained results from the proposed model were compared with the results from hydrological analysis method and curvature watershed method. The results show that the size uniformity of the evaluation units divided by the proposed method is better, and no fine units or deformed long strip units were generated. The overall morphological characteristics of the evaluation unit are more reasonable, and the morphological index is between 1 and 2, which generally presents circular-like or square-like shape. At the same time, the superposition degree between the results of the improved slope unit division and the range of the existing disaster boundary is the highest, which can better reflect the physical significance of landslide risk assessment. The proposed model has significant potential for improving the accuracy of regional landslide susceptibility evaluation.
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Key words:
- regional landslide /
- susceptibility evaluation /
- slope unit /
- division method /
- ArcGIS
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图 10 长度低于约束条件的SOA线段
Figure 10. SOA line segment whose length is less than the constraint
图 11 第四系分布(a)及工程地质岩组(b)
Figure 11. Quaternary distribution(a) and engineering geology group(b)
图 12 研究区岩性产状点(a)与倾向插值结果(b)
Figure 12. Lithologic points (a) and dip interpolation results (b) of the study area
图 13 初始斜坡结构图(a)和降噪后斜坡结构单元(b)
Figure 13. Initial slope structure (a) and denoised slope structure unit (b)
图 14 改进斜坡单元划分过程图
a.斜坡地貌单元；b.斜坡岩组单元；c.斜坡评价单元
Figure 14. Division process of improved slope unit
图 15 研究区基于水文分析法(a)、曲率分水岭法(b)和改进斜坡单元划分法(c)的划分结果
Figure 15. Dividing results based on hydrologic analysis (a), curvature watershed method (b), and improved slope unit method (c)
表 1 斜坡结构类型划分
Table 1. Division of slope structure type
斜坡结构类型 划分准则 水平坡 岩层倾角小于10° 非水平坡 顺向坡 岩层倾角大于10°且岩层倾向与斜坡坡向夹角在30°以内 斜交坡 岩层倾角大于10°且岩层倾向与斜坡坡向夹角在30°~150°之间 逆向坡 岩层倾角大于10°且岩层倾向与斜坡坡向夹角在150°~180°之间 
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表 2 3种斜坡单元划分结果统计表
Table 2. Division results of the three slope unit methods
水文分析法占比/% 曲率分水岭法占比/% 改进斜坡单元划分法占比/% 分布/ m2 [0, 103) 31.67 1.94 0 [103, 104) 18.51 10.53 1.87 [104, 105] 27.76 68.42 71.64 >105 22.06 19.11 26.49 形状指数 [1, 1.5) 13.17 43.77 29.10 [1.5, 2) 25.98 38.23 50.00 [2, 3) 22.06 13.30 19.03 [3, 5] 17.79 4.16 1.87 >5 21.35 0.55 0 灾害重合度/% < 50 27.27 39.39 3.03 [50, 75) 24.24 36.36 9.09 [75, 100) 6.06 12.12 15.15 100 42.42 12.12 72.73
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