转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征：以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例

陶文芳; 葛家旺; 雷永昌; 李旭彪; 朱筱敏

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220202

转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积特征：以珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新统为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220202

1.
中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司, 广东深圳 518054
2.
西南石油大学地球科学与技术学院, 成都 610050
3.
中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41902124

构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室开放基金项目 2019-15

联合中海石油(中国)有限公司深圳分公司研究院生产性科研项目 SCKY-2023-SZ-03

详细信息

作者简介:
陶文芳(1988-), 女, 工程师, 主要从事珠江口盆地油气勘探及石油地质综合研究。E-mail: taowf@cnooc.com.cn

通讯作者:
葛家旺(1988-), 男, 副研究员, 主要从事定量层序地层学及构造-沉积学方面的科研和教学工作。E-mail: gjwddn@163.com

中图分类号: P618.130.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 638
- PDF下载量: 128
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-09
- 录用日期: 2022-10-03
- 修回日期: 2022-08-29

Depositional characteristics of a relay ramp controlled braided deltaic system: A case study in the Eocene Huizhou Sag, Pearl River Mouth Basin, China

1.
Research Institute of Shenzhen Branch of CNOOC China Limited, Shenzhen Guangdong 518054, China
2.
College of Geosciences and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610050, China
3.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

摘要

摘要:
珠江口盆地惠州凹陷始新世发育多个不同类型的转换斜坡(或称为构造转换带), 位于惠州26洼和西江30洼之间的HZ25转换斜坡控制并发育了一套大型近源辫状河三角洲体系。基于新处理的三维地震、钻(测)井、岩心及相关分析化验资料, 详细分析讨论了转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲砂体沉积特征。研究表明, 晚始新世时期气候炎热潮湿, 东沙隆起通过HZ25转换斜坡向惠州26洼输送充沛的物源碎屑, 发育厚层辫状河三角洲成因砂体, 粒度概率曲线和C-M图显示典型牵引流态特征; 砂岩以岩屑砂岩为主, 岩性粒度较粗、分选差, 磨圆度为棱角状-次棱角状; 岩心显示多期次冲刷界面、高角度斜层理、楔状交错层理等强水流动力沉积构造及间断性正韵律。转换斜坡是物源水系主要的运输通道, 辫状河三角洲向前推进距离约8 km, 整体形态为向北东方向展布的坨状或朵叶状。受控于转换斜坡古地貌格局, 辫状河三角洲具有水动力强、距物源较近且物源供给充足的特征, 砂地比平均值约52%。辫状河三角洲前缘砂体是优质储层发育带, 转换斜坡及其控制的厚层优质砂体耦合形成良好的地层-岩性圈闭, 是惠州凹陷深层主要勘探对象。研究区辫状河三角洲整体为一套低孔、低渗储层。辫状河三角洲前缘储层由于泥质杂基含量低, 分选改造中等, 以显孔-原生孔为主, 孔隙连通性较好, 是下一步油气优先勘探评价的对象。
- 辫状河三角洲 /
- 沉积特征 /
- 转换斜坡 /
- 惠州凹陷 /
- 珠江口盆地
Abstract: Objective
Tectonic transfer zones (or named as relay ramps) can have a profound impact on the drainages catchment, sediment dispersal and reservoirs distribution patterns; they are also important for hydrocarbon transport and accumulation processes. It is a hot object of current research interest to sedimentary geologists as well as petroleum geologists. A few different types of tectonic transfer zones are observed in the Eocene Huizhou Sag, the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea. The HZ25 area linking the Huizhou 26 and Xijiang 30 Sags is a typical overlapping transfer zone that controls the development of a large set of braided-deltaic system.
Methods
Based on newly acquired and processed high-quality 3D seismic data, three drilling logs, cores, and thin slices are utilized to discuss the characteristics of the relay ramp-controlled braided deltaic deposits and reservoirs in this paper.
Results
The results show that the Late Eocene climate was relatively hot and humid, and thus, abundant terrestrial clastic are collected and transported from the Dongsha Uplift source area via the HZ25 relay ramp routing system. Subsequently, a set of thick-bedded braided-delta deposits was deposited in the HZ26 Sag. The braided deltaic sandstones are generally coarse-grained with relatively poor sorting and roundness. It is dominated by mainly lithic sandstone. The particle size probability curve and C-M diagram display typical multiple traction flow characteristics. Large-scale cross bedding, high-angle inclined bedding and extensive scour surfaces in multistory fining-upwards cycles are common in core observations. It is implied that rich and hydrodynamic traction flow regimes are developed. The drainage dispersal pathways are redirected by the internal tectonic belts within the relay ramp, which are characterized by a large-scale but low-gradient (less than 3 degrees) physiographic slope. Strong hydrodynamic forces associated with facilitated deltaic drainage resulted in a high sand ratio of approximately 52% on average. The maximum advancement of the braided deltaic system is approximately 8 km, and its lobe-like geometry is strictly reorganized by the special tectonic-geomorphic pattern of the relay ramp zone.
Conclusion
The frontal deposits of the braided deltaic system have relatively good sandstone sorting, and thus, the relevant deposits are characterized by a higher porosity than those observed in the braided-delta plain. The good stratigraphic-lithological traps controlled by the relay ramp coupled with the multiple stages of thick-bedded braided-deltaic deposits are most important in this study area, which could be selected as an exploration potential area in the future. Additionally, the braided deltaic deposits in the study area are mainly dominated by low-porosity and low-permeability reservoirs. The reservoir in the frontal area of the braided deltaic deposits could be a priority exploration and evaluation target for petroleum resources due to its low mud content and miscellaneous bases, moderate sorting and good pore connectivity.
- braided delta /
- depositional characteristics /
- relay ramp /
- Huizhou Sag /
- Pearl River Mouth Basin
注释:

(所有作者声明不存在利益冲突)

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图 1 惠州凹陷地理位置(a)、构造纲要(b)和HZ25转换斜坡井位和断层分布(c)

Figure 1. Tectonic location (a) and structural outline (b) of the Huizhou Sag and wells and fault distribution (c) in the HZ25 relay ramp

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图 2 珠江口盆地惠州凹陷地层综合柱状图^[22-24]

Figure 2. Comprehensive column of the Huizhou Sag, eastern Pearl River Mouth Basin

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图 3 HZ25转换斜坡古地貌-沉积体系-砂体含量对应关系

a.转换带地貌及物源通道，物源主要是NE向；b.砂体厚度等值线图；c.地震前积反射投影，前积优势方向为NE向；d.能量半波长地震属性平面图，反映砂体分布形态

Figure 3. Coupling relationship between ancient landform-sedimentary system-sand body content (c) in the HZ25 relay ramp

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图 4 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡文昌组砂岩分选性(a)与磨圆性(b)

Figure 4. Sorting (a) and roundness (b) of the sandstones of the Wenchang Formation in the HZ25 relay ramp, Huizhou Sag

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图 5 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡文昌组HA2井三角洲砂岩重矿物组合

Figure 5. Heavy mineral assemblages of the deltaic sandstones in the Wenchang Formation of the Well HA2 in the HZ25 relay ramp, Huizhou Sag

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图 6 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡文昌组粒度概率累计曲线(a)和C-M图(b)(HA2井)

Figure 6. Cumulative probability curve (a) and C-M graph (b) of the Wenchang Formation (Well HA2) in the HZ25 relay ramp of the Huizhou Sag

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图 7 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积构造特征

a.细砾岩，高角度交错层理：b.细砾岩，斜层理：c.含砾粗砂岩，块状层理；d.细砾岩，斜层理；e.粉砂岩，波状层理；f.含砾粗砂岩，高角度交错层理；g.细砾岩，交错层理；h.暗色块状泥岩；i.块状细砂岩；j.细砾岩，交错层理；k.具生物扰动的粉细砂岩；l.粗砂岩，高角度交错层理；m.细砾岩，斜层理、槽状交错层理及冲刷面；n.细砾岩及粗砂岩，冲刷面及正粒序；o.含砾粗砂岩，高角度斜层理

Figure 7. Sedimentary structures of the relay zone controlled braided delta in the HZ25 relay ramp of the Huizhou Sag

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图 8 惠州凹陷HA1和HA2井辫状河三角洲岩心素描图(岩心照片编号a~o详见图 7)

Figure 8. Characteristics of sedimentary sequence of drilling core in braideddelta deposits of Well HA1 and HA2, Huizhou Sag

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图 9 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲地震反射特征(地震测线A-A′和B-B′位置见图 3-c)

Figure 9. Seismic reflection characteristics of the braided delta in the HZ25 relay ramp of the Huizhou Sag

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图 10 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡文昌组辫状河三角洲测井相特征

Figure 10. Logging facies of braid-river deltaic systems of the Wenchang Formation in the HZ25 relay ramp of the Huizhou Sag

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图 11 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲沉积微相演化剖面图(CoreA1和CoreA2岩心描述见图 8)

Figure 11. Cross section of the microfaices evolution of the braideddelta system in the HZ25 relay ramp of the Huizhou Sag

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图 12 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡辫状河三角洲储层孔隙度(a)和渗透率(b)频率分布

Figure 12. Histogram of porosity (a) and permeability (b) of the braideddelta reservoir in the HZ25 relay ramp of the Huizhou Sag

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图 13 惠州凹陷HZ25转换斜坡型辫状河三角洲不同亚相储层特征

Figure 13. Characteristics of reservoir properties and pore structures in different sedimentary subfacies of braided deltas in the HZ25 relay ramp of the Huizhou Sag

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