试论河流地貌学的新进展和趋势

摘要:
河流地貌学研究河流动力的侵蚀-搬运-堆积过程（源-汇系统）、河流地貌的时空演化，及其与地球内部构造活动和地球表层气候和环境之间的相互关系。介绍了河流地貌学与表层地球系统科学的关系、研究内容和发展趋势、前沿问题和研究机遇。河流侵蚀、搬运和堆积在构造-气候相互作用中起着重要的媒介作用，是地球内部和外部相互作用的重要纽带。随着高精度数字地形模型定量分析、地表侵蚀速率的定量测定、沉积物测年以及地貌演化数值模拟等新技术和新方法的应用，促进了不同时间和空间尺度流域地形、水系发育、河流地貌动力过程、河流地貌空间分布特征及其对构造、气候和人类活动等的响应和反馈的研究。未来除了更深入地理解流域尺度物质和形态的变化规律和机制外，加强河流地貌过程的定量表达，将流域地貌研究与表层地球系统的热点科学问题相联系，进一步开展学科交叉，服务于国家战略，才能提高河流地貌学、乃至地貌学科的竞争力。
- 河流地貌学 /
- 侵蚀和搬运 /
- 数值模拟 /
- 人类活动 /
- 表层地球科学
Abstract: Significance
As an important branch in earth system science, fluvial geomorphology is the study of fluvial erosion-transport-accumulation processes (source-to-sink system), temporal-spatial change in fluvial landscapes, and impact of tectonic, climate and human activities on river evolution. Rivers connect the erosional domain of orogens and the depositional domain of ocean basins, which plays a crucial role in the earth surface system.
Progress
On the basis of a sysnthesis of main research progress in fluvial geomorphology in recent decades, this article discusses the new direction of fluvial geomorphology. With the application of high-resolution topographic data, the scope of fluvial geomorphology has expanded and deepened over the past decades, including new methods used to calculate surface erosion rates, innovation in sediment dating techniques, and the development of numerical simulations. Studies on fluvial reorganization and influences of tectonics, climate change, and human activity on river evolution have been greatly advanced.
Conclusion and Prospects
In the new era, fluvial geomorphology will focus on the frontiers in earth surface systems and national needs, strengthen the understanding of the mechanics of river formation and reorganization, and address major global and regional social-ecological issues. Furthermore, it needs to carry out the discipline overlap, serve the national strategy, and enhance its role in the research of the earth surface system.
- fluvial geomorphology /
- erosion and deposition /
- numerical simulation /
- human activities /
- surface-earth system science
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 河流在地表水-物质循环与构造和深部物质循环联系中的作用

Figure 1. Rock cycle, water cycle, and their interactions

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图 2 构造和气候作用下河流动力的侵蚀-搬运-堆积过程和河流地貌演化(改编自文献[27])

Figure 2. Schematic summary of a sediment-routing system and records of landscape evolution

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图 3 多外营力复合、不同类型地貌系统河流沉积、侵蚀和阶地发育对轨道尺度气候变化的差异响应^{[47-48, 51]}

Figure 3. Fluvial aggradation/erosion and terrace formation and its response to glacial-interglacial climatic change in different fluvial systems

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图 4 黄土高原北洛河流域8 000年以来气候和人类活动土地覆盖影响下径流和泥沙量变化的数值模拟^[15]

A.8 000 a以来地表径流时空变化模拟结果；B.KK10^[73]人类土地利用情景(数据集)下人类土地覆盖面积变化(a)、年均径流变化(b)和年均泥沙量变化(c)模拟结果(圆点表示人类活动影响植被变化情景下模拟值，三角形点表示植被不变情景下模拟值)

Figure 4. Simulation of the discharge and sediments affected by the climate and human activities in the Beiluo River on the Loess Plateau since 8 000 years

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