Development law of gravity flow sandstone reservoir in the second Member of the Dongying Formation in the northeastern Nanpu Depression
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摘要:
随着勘探程度的提高，深水重力流成因的浊积岩储层已成为我国东部断陷湖盆油气勘探开发的重要目标之一。因为沉积分异不足和成岩破坏，重力流砂岩的储层质量通常整体较差，优质储层的预测成为制约其有效油气勘探的关键地质因素。利用岩心、测井资料及储层物性、岩石薄片分析结果，研究了南堡凹陷东北部东营组二段重力流砂岩的岩相特征、成因类型、储层特征，以探索优质储层的控制因素和发育规律。研究表明，区内重力流沉积可细分为8种岩相，解释为滑动滑塌、砂质碎屑流、泥质碎屑流、浊流4类成因。储层物性参数统计分析证实，本区重力流砂岩储层非均质性强，储层质量受控于砂岩成因、砂-泥结构及其影响的溶蚀强度。从成因看，砂质碎屑流和浊流对重力流砂岩优质储层的发育贡献最大。砂质碎屑流成因的块状砂岩厚度较大、泥岩夹层较少、钙质胶结物的溶蚀程度高，储层质量最好；而浊流成因的砂岩厚度较薄，与泥岩呈互层或夹层产出，成岩环境封闭、钙质胶结物溶蚀程度低，储层质量较差。本研究为湖盆深水重力流砂岩油气的高效勘探开发提供了一种基于成因和结构的储层预测思路。
Abstract:With the improvement of hydrocarbon exploration, turbidite reservoirs formed by deep-water gravity flow have become an important target for oil and gas exploration and development in faulted basins in eastern China. Due to the weak depositional differentiation and diagenesis damage, the overall quality of gravity flow sandstone reservoirs is poor. The prediction of high-quality reservoirs is becoming the key to restricting effective hydrocarbon exploration. In this paper, the authors study the distribution, lithofacies, and reservoir characteristics of gravity flow sandstone in the northeastern Nanpu Depression by cores, well-logging data, reservoir physical properties, and rock slices to explore the key control factor and development law of high-quality reservoirs. The result shows that the gravity flow sediments are mainly composed of eight lithofacies interpreted as slide-slump, sandy debris flow, muddy debris flow, and turbidity current. According to the statistical analyses of reservoir physical property parameters, it is proven that the gravity flow sandstone reservoir is with strong heterogeneity and that its quality depends on sandstone genesis, sand-mud structure, and dissolution intensity. The high-quality reservoirs are mainly from sandy debris flows and turbidity currents. Massive sandstones from sandy debris flows are usually high-quality reservoirs characterized by large single-bed thickness, strong calcareous dissolution of calcareous cement, and few muddy interbeds.In contrast, the sandstones from turbidity currents are of low quality due to small thickness, weak dissolution of calcareous cement, and many interbedded mudstones, and are formed in a closed diagenetic environment. This study provides an effective predictive idea for hydrocarbon exploration on deep-water gravity flow sandstone reservoir in a lacustrine basin based on analyses of sandstone genesis and sand-mud structure.
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Key words:
- sediment gravity flow /
- sandstone reservoir /
- debris flow /
- turbidity current /
- sand-mud structure
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图 1 南堡凹陷研究区地理位置(a)、区域地质概况(b)及地层单元划分(c)
a.渤海湾盆地地理位置；b.南堡凹陷区域概况；c.南堡凹陷岩石地层系统
Figure 1. Location (a), geological setting (b), and stratigraphic unit (c) of the Nanpu Depression
图 2 南堡4号构造带东二段重力流砂岩不同岩相的岩心照片
a, b.NP4-31井, 3 968 m，滑塌构造含砾砂岩，砂岩呈撕裂状; c.NP4-65井，4 389.52 m，碎屑支撑砾岩相；d.NP4-65井，4 389.46 m，富含泥岩撕裂屑砂岩相，泥岩撕裂屑延呈层状延层理发育；e.NP43-4830井, 3 843.2 m，正粒序含砾砂岩相；f.NP403x14井，3 436.64 m，爬升波纹层理砂岩相，顶部砂泥互层平行纹层；鲍马序列Tc段向上过渡到鲍马序列Td段；g.NP4-22井，3 650.3 m，平行层理砂岩相，内部可见泥质纹层；h.NP43-x4830，3 839.2 m，砂质透镜体、砂质团块，含砾石
Figure 2. Core photos of the gravity flow sandstone with different lithofacies of the second Member of the Dongying Formation of the No.4 tectonic belt in the Nanpu Depression
图 3 南堡凹陷NP4-87井东二段沉积相组成与重力流发育特征(钻井位置详见图 4)
Figure 3. Sedimentary facies and gravity flow sedimentary characteristics of the second Member of the Dongying Formation in Well NP4-87 in the Nanpu Depression
图 4 南堡凹陷东二段关键时期沉积相展布与重力流分布特征(成图范围详见图 1中研究区)
a.PSS1时期；b.PSS2时期；c.PSS3时期；d.PSS4时期
Figure 4. Sedimentary facies and gravity flow sediment distribution characteristics during the key period of the second Member of the Dongying Formation in the Nanpu Depression
图 5 南堡凹陷东二段重力流砂岩镜下照片与显微结构特征
a.NP2-52井，3 512.3 m，砂岩镜下照片(-)；分选差、棱角-次棱角状；方解石胶结物发育而致密，实测孔隙度为5%，泥质碎屑流沉积；b.NP2-52井，3 513.65 m，砂岩镜下照片(-)；分选中等-好、次棱角状；粒间孔隙发育(深蓝色为孔隙)，实测孔隙度为28%，砂质碎屑流沉积；c.NP2-53井，3 125.3 m，砂岩镜下照片(-)；中等-好、次棱角-次圆状；方解石胶结物发育，局部溶解形成次生孔，实测孔隙度约15%，浊流沉积；d.NP2-53井，3 129.3 m，砂岩镜下照片(-)；中等-好、次棱角-次圆状；方解石胶结物完全溶解(深蓝色为孔隙)，次生孔隙发育，面孔率16%，实测孔隙度为26%，砂质碎屑流沉积
Figure 5. Microstructure characteristics of gravity flow sandstone of the second Member of the Dongying Formation in the Nanpu Depression
图 6 南堡凹陷4号构造带东二段物性特征统计
Figure 6. Geophysical parameter statistics of the second Member of the Dongying Formation in the No.4 tectonic belt in the Nanpu Depression
图 7 南堡凹陷东二段辫状河三角洲与重力流砂岩储层渗透率-孔隙度交会图
Figure 7. Permeability-porosity intersection diagram of braided river delta and gravity flow sandstone of the second Member of the Dongying Formation in the Nanpu Depression
图 8 南堡凹陷4号构造带孔隙结构特征
a.粒间溶孔，NP4-80井, 4 184.92 m；b.粒内溶孔，NP4-66井, 3 761 m；c.剩余粒间孔，NP2-53井, 3 127.16 m；d.剩余粒间孔，NP43-4950井, 4 189.4 m；e.微裂缝，NP4-66井, 3 754.9 m, 剩余粒间孔；f.NP41-28井, 3 344.52 m
Figure 8. Characteristics of the pore structure in the No.4 tectonic belt in the Nanpu Depression
图 9 南堡凹陷NP2-52井东二段重力流砂岩岩相-成因-规模与储层物性关系分析图
Figure 9. Correlation of lithofacies, sedimentary genesis, gravity flow sandstone scale and reservoir geophysical parameter of the Well NP2-52 of the second Member of the Dongying Formation in the Nanpu Depression
表 1 南堡凹陷4号构造带岩相特征
Table 1. Lithofacies of the No.4 tectonic belt in the Nanpu Depression
编号 岩相类型 岩性特征 单层厚度/cm 沉积解释 Ⅰ 滑塌变形碎屑支撑砾岩 大量的塑性泥岩基质支撑，变形构造 20~40 滑动滑塌沉积 Ⅱ 碎屑支撑砾岩 富含泥岩撕裂屑，无粒序特征 20~40 砂质碎屑流 Ⅲ 富撕裂屑块状砂岩 中粗砂岩，无粒序，内部含泥岩撕裂屑 15~100 砂质碎屑流 Ⅳ 正粒序含砾砂岩、粗砂岩 中粗砂岩，正粒序，底部具冲刷面，可见泥岩撕裂屑，底部含叠瓦状砾石 10~40 浊流，鲍马序列Ta段 Ⅴ 波状层理砂岩 中细砂岩，波状层理，爬升波纹层理 10~50 浊流，鲍马序列Tc段 Ⅵ 平行层理砂岩 中细砂岩，平行层理 10 浊流，鲍马序列Tb段 Ⅶ 砂岩-泥岩薄互层 细砂岩、粉砂岩及泥岩薄互层 20 浊流沉积体边缘 Ⅷ 液化变形含砂泥岩 塑性变形泥岩沉积，内部含透镜状砂岩 10~30 泥质碎屑流 
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