页岩纹层的测井评价方法研究：以川南五峰组-龙马溪组为例

谭玉涵; 张凤生; 姚亚彬; 吴恒; 年涛

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220385

页岩纹层的测井评价方法研究：以川南五峰组-龙马溪组为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220385

谭玉涵^1,,
张凤生¹,
姚亚彬¹,
吴恒²,
年涛^3, ,

1.
中国石油集团测井有限公司地质研究院, 西安 710000
2.
河北地质大学河北省战略性关键矿产资源重点实验室, 石家庄 050031
3.
西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065

基金项目:

油气资源与工程全国重点实验室开放课题资助 PRE/open-2303

中石油"昭通-长宁区块页岩储层纵横向甜点测井综合评价"课题 CPL2021-B05

详细信息

作者简介:
谭玉涵(1990—), 女, 工程师, 主要从事页岩气测井资料解释与评价工作。E-mail: 390817824@qq.com

通讯作者:
年涛(1987—), 男, 讲师, 主要从事测井资料处理与解释及沉积储层方面的研究工作。E-mail: niantaoo@163.com

中图分类号: P618.13;P631.81
计量
- 文章访问数: 685
- PDF下载量: 63
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-19
- 录用日期: 2022-09-13
- 修回日期: 2022-09-07

Logging evaluation of shale laminae: A case study from the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the southern Sichuan Basin

1.
Geological Research Institute, CNPC Logging Company Limited, Xi'an 710000, China
2.
Hebei Key Laboratory of Strategic Critical Mineral Resources, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
3.
School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China

摘要

摘要:
纹层制约着页岩储层的品质和压裂效果, 而传统纹层研究依靠的是地质资料, 充分挖掘测井数据中蕴含的页岩纹层信息可以为钻孔页岩纹层评价提供新的思路和方法。依托四川盆地南部五峰组-龙马溪组页岩的取心钻孔, 基于岩心、全直径岩心CT、大尺寸薄片、全岩衍射和有机碳含量厘定的纹层组构特征, 通过地质刻度测井, 从元素扫描、电成像、阵列声波、常规和核磁共振测井中提取表征页岩纹层不同属性的测井信息, 阐述页岩纹层测井评价的方法体系。研究指出目的层主要发育了富硅质弱纹层、富硅质纹层、富钙质纹层和富黏土纹层4种纹层类型。元素扫描测井用于确定纹层矿物组分和有机碳含量。电成像、阵列声波各向异性指数和常规测井用于评价纹层密度或发育程度。电成像指示纹层厚度, 而核磁共振侧重分析纹层的孔隙结构变化。测井分辨率和响应的多解性虽然制约着页岩纹层的测井解释精度, 但基于岩石物理属性出发的各类测井方法是页岩纹层以及纹层组评价的有益补充。
- 四川盆地 /
- 五峰组-龙马溪组 /
- 页岩纹层 /
- 地球物理测井 /
- 评价方法
Abstract: <p>Shale laminae influence shale reservoir quality and fracturing, whereas previous studies are simply based on geological materials. Taking full advantage of geophysical logging data could provide novel insights for shale laminae evaluation in drilled boreholes.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods
Cored boreholes in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the southern Sichuan Basin are utilized in this study. Shale cores, CT scanning based on full-diameter cores, large-sized thin sections, X-ray diffraction, and TOC content are first integrated to clarify shale laminae fabrics. Elemental scanning, microresistivity electrical imaging, multipole array acoustic, conventional and nuclear magnetic resonance logging techniques are interpreted to characterize shale laminae by geological calibration, and the methodology of logging evaluation on shale laminae has been set out.
Results
It is concluded that the target formation has developed four types of bed, includingthe silicic bed (lamina poorly developed), silicic lamina, calcareous lamina, and argillaceous lamina. Elemental scanning is implemented to determine laminae minerals and TOC content. Electrical imaging and the anisotropy index derived from multipole array acoustic and conventional logs are used to evaluate lamina density or development degree. Besides, electrical imaging is able to reflect the lamina thickness. Nuclear magnetic resonance is performed to analyze the variation in lamina pore structure.
Conclusion
Although logging resolution and response complexity can significantly affect the accuracy of logging interpretation of shale laminae, logging techniques rooted in petrophysical properties are valuable supplements for the evaluation of shale laminae and lamina associations.
- Sichuan Basin /
- Wufeng-Longmaxi formations /
- shale laminae /
- geophysical logging /
- evaluation methods
注释:

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图 1 川南五峰组-龙马溪组沉积期构造古地理及地层分布特征(改自文献[28-29])

a.早志留世(约440 Ma)构造古地理格局; b.五峰组-龙马溪组沉积期原型盆地特征；c.地层综合柱状图，笔石带及年代时间

Figure 1. Tectono-paleogeography and the stratigraphic column during the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations depositional stages in the southern Sichuan Basin

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图 2 Yang104(a)及YS147(b)测井和分析测试数据

Figure 2. Logging and test data in the wells Yang104 and YS147

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图 3 五峰组-龙马溪组页岩纹层岩心和薄片特征

a.深黑色页岩，横向稳定延伸的脆性层弱发育，1 195.7~1 197.3 m；b, c.相应深度段的破裂横截面(1 196.7 m)和纹层显微特征(1 192.4 m)；d.深黑色页岩，脆性层同样弱发育，但相较图a多，1 173.9~1 175.8 m；e, f.相应深度段的镜下特征，1 170.0 m；g.深黑色页岩，富硅质纹层和富黏土纹层互层，1 166.7~1 168.5 m；h, i.相应深度段的镜下特征，1 153.0 m；j.灰黑色页岩，富钙质纹层和富黏土纹层互层，1 123.7~1 123.9 m; k, l.与图j对应深度段的镜下特征，1 123.8 m。从左到右依次为岩心、大尺寸和常规尺寸显微薄片

Figure 3. Features of the cores and thin sections of shale lamellae in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations

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图 4 Yang104井五峰组-龙一段矿物垂向变化特征

左侧数据来源于全岩X射线衍射, w(TCCM)代表黏土总质量分数; 右侧同深度段数据来源于元素测井，岩心深度归位值0.07 m(下移)，具体归位方法见文献[44]

Figure 4. Mineral vertical variations from the Wufeng Formation to the First member of Longmaxi Formation in the Well Yang104

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图 5 Yang104井页岩纹层发育特征

a.综合柱状图；b~e.龙一11、龙一13、龙一2和龙二段代表段的纹层发育特征。第五道纹层密度中的黑点为薄片纹层数据(据文献[48]修改)

Figure 5. Shale laminae development features in the Well Yang104

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图 6 Yang104井五峰组-龙马溪组阵列声波页岩纹层发育程度综合评价图

频散图中绿色代表单极子数据，蓝色和红色代表X和Y方向的偶极子数据，圆圈代表波形，实心代表幅度

Figure 6. Diagram showing shale laminae evaluation by multipole array acoustic from the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Well Yang104

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 龙一2亚段常规测井与页岩纹层频率交会图

图中颜色越深代表数据点越集中，分布频率越高

Figure 7. Frequency cross-plots illustrating the relationship between conventional logging and the shale laminae in the Long-1₂

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图 8 龙马溪组电成像测井页岩纹层及厚度分布特征

a.Yang104龙一14小层图像特征；b~e.分别为富硅质纹层、富钙质纹层、五峰组-龙一1亚段富黏土纹层和龙一2亚段富黏土纹层的厚度分布直方图

Figure 8. Shale laminae in electrical images and laminae thicknesses derived from electrical images in the Longmaxi Formation

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图 9 Yang104井五峰组-龙马溪组纹层段核磁孔隙结构分析图

第三道纹层密度红色框指示直方图对应的深度段，第四道小孔红点指示实测岩心核磁孔隙度

Figure 9. Pore structure variation derived from the CMR logging in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Well Yang104

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图 10 页岩纹层测井评价的方法体系

Figure 10. Framework of logging evaluation on shale laminae

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