典型喀斯特白云岩小流域土壤-表层岩溶带厚度空间异质性特征

王发; 聂云鹏; 陈洪松; 付智勇; 连晋姣

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220399

典型喀斯特白云岩小流域土壤-表层岩溶带厚度空间异质性特征

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220399

王发^{1, 2,},
聂云鹏^{1, 2},
陈洪松^{1, 2},
付智勇^{1, 2},
连晋姣^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室, 长沙 410125
2.
中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站, 广西环江 547100

基金项目:

广西自然科学基金创新研究团队项目 2018GXNSFGA281003

国家自然科学基金项目 41971048

国家自然科学基金项目 42077077

中国博士后科学基金项目 2022M713349

详细信息

作者简介:
王发, E-mail: wangfa110@126.com

通讯作者:
连晋姣, E-mail: lianjinjiao@isa.ac.cn

中图分类号: P642.25
计量
- 文章访问数: 456
- PDF下载量: 53
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-24
- 录用日期: 2022-08-30
- 修回日期: 2022-08-24

Spatial heterogeneity characteristics of soil-epikarst thickness in a typical karst dolomite small watershed

WANG Fa^{1, 2
,},
NIE Yunpeng^{1, 2},
CHEN Hongsong^{1, 2},
FU Zhiyong^{1, 2},
LIAN Jinjiao^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
2.
Huanjiang Observation and Research Station of Karst Ecosystem, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang Guangxi 547000, China

More Information

Author Bio:
WANG Fa, E-mail: wangfa110@126.com

Corresponding author: LIAN Jinjiao, E-mail: lianjinjiao@isa.ac.cn

摘要

摘要:
土壤-表层岩溶带厚度是喀斯特地球关键带的关键指标，明确其空间异质性特征对于理解地球关键带结构演化机理以及评估水源涵养功能具有重要意义。在广西环江木连小流域1.4 km²范围内，通过高密度电法（ERT）探测45条样线，共获取1 731个样点的土壤-表层岩溶带厚度及环境因子数据资料，研究了土壤和表层岩溶带厚度的空间分布格局及其影响因素。结果表明，土壤和表层岩溶带厚度平均值分别为1.15 m和6.44 m，且分别呈现强变异程度和中等变异程度。地统计分析结果表明球状模型和指数模型分别可以反映土壤和表层岩溶带的空间结构特征。土壤厚度呈现中等空间自相关性，变程长，空间连续性好；而表层岩溶带呈现强烈的空间自相关性，变程短，空间依赖性强。土壤厚度受到环境因子（地形湿度指数、垂直曲率、曲率、坡向、坡度、高程、覆盖度、出露基岩率和植被归一化指数）的多重影响，而表层岩溶带厚度受部分环境因子影响的同时，与土壤厚度和植被类型的相关性更高。研究结果有助于喀斯特区土壤-表层岩溶带演化机理认识，并为土壤-表层岩溶带厚度的空间预测提供科学依据。
- 喀斯特关键带 /
- 空间异质性 /
- 土壤-表层岩溶带 /
- 植被类型 /
- 白云岩小流域
Abstract: Objective
The thickness of soilepikarst is an important index affecting the hydrological process of critical zones. The spatial heterogeneity is critical understanding the structural evolution mechanism of the key zones of the Earth and the water conservation function of the key zones of the Earth.
Methods
Based on the 1.4 km² area of the Mulian catchment in Huanjiang, Guangxi, the 1 731 soil-epikarst thickness samples were obtained through electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with 45 sampling lines.The spatial distribution pattern of soil and epikarst thickness and its influencing factors were investigated. The results showed that the average thickness of soil and epikarst was 1.15 m and 6.44 m with strong and medium variance, respectively.
Results
The results of geostatistical analysis indicated that the spherical model and exponential model could reflect the spatial structure characteristics of soil and epikarst thickness, respectively. Soil thickness showed moderate spatial autocorrelation, a long range and good spatial continuity. However, the epikarst presented strong spatial autocorrelation and spatial dependence with a short range. Soil thickness was affected by multiple environmental factors (topographic wetness index, vertical curvature, curvature, aspect, slope, elevation, coverage, outcrop ratio and NDVI), while the thickness of epikarst was more affected by soil thickness and vegetation type.
Conclusion
These results are helpful for understanding the evolution of the soil-epikarst zone and provide a scientific basis for the spatial prediction of soil-epikarst thickness in karst areas.
- karst critical zone /
- spatial heterogeneity /
- soil-epikarst /
- vegetation type /
- dolomite small watershed
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 研究区水文地质概况

Figure 1. Hydrogeology of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 研究区内采样点布设

Figure 2. Sampling points and lines in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 研究区土壤-表层岩溶带厚度空间分布图

Figure 3. Distribution of soil and epikarst thickness in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同植被类型下的土壤-表层岩溶带厚度

注：差异显著性检验方法为最小显著性差异法(least significant difference, 简称LSD)；A，B表示不同植被类型下的土壤厚度差异；a, b, c表示不同植被类型下的表层岩溶带厚度差异

Figure 4. Soil-epikarst thickness under different land cover types

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 土壤-表层岩溶带厚度的相互关系

Figure 5. Relationship between soil and epikarst thickness

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 基岩化学成分组成

Table 1. Chemical composition of bedrock

样点	灼烧减量	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	TFe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	TiO₂	P₂O₅	MnO
样点	w_B/%
东南坡	46.57	0.67	0.16	0.09	30.91	21.54	0.009 8	0.03	0.02	0.008 3	0.003 2
洼地	46.59	0.48	0.32	0.06	31.15	21.54	0.006 9	0.02	0.06	0.006 5	0.004 7
西北坡	46.49	0.36	0.26	0.04	32.19	20.45	0.005 3	0.03	0.03	0.006 6	0.002 7

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表 2 土壤和表层岩溶带厚度的描述性统计

Table 2. Descriptive analysis and normal distribution test of the epikarst thickness

	样本数	最小值/m	最大值/m	平均值/m	标准差	变异系数	偏度	峰度
土壤厚度	1 731	0	6.4	1.15	1.3	1.13	1.04	0.36
表层岩溶带厚度	1 731	0.5	26.8	6.44	4.37	0.68	1.36	2.33

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表 3 土壤和表层岩溶带厚度的半变异函数模型及其参数

Table 3. Types and parameters of the semivariogram model for the soil-epikarst thickness

	模型	块金值C₀	基台值C₀+C	块金值/基台值C₀/(C₀+C)	变程/m	决定系数R²
土壤厚度	球状模型	0.8	1.77	0.45	201	0.877
表层岩溶带厚度	指数模型	4.8	20.32	0.24	153	0.725

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表 4 土壤-表层岩溶带厚度与地形-环境因子的相关系数

Table 4. Correlation coefficients between soil-epikarst thickness and terrain-environmental factors

	地形湿度指数	垂向曲率	平面曲率	曲率	坡向	坡度	高程	覆盖度	出露基岩率	植被归一化指数
土壤厚度	0.149^**	-0.080^**	0.052	-0.070^**	-0.087^**	-0.281^**	-0.320^**	-0.206^**	-0.377^**	-0.082^**
表层岩溶带厚度	0.163^**	-0.014	0.034	-0.031	0.010	-0.151^**	-0.220^**	-0.255^**	-0.301^**	-0.275^**
注：^**表示在0.01水平上显著相关

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表 5 土壤和表层岩溶带厚度回归方程参数

Table 5. Parameters of the regression equations of the soil-epikarst thickness

	常数	地形湿度指数	垂向曲率	曲率	坡向	坡度	高程	覆盖度	出露基岩率	植被归一化指数	R²	P
土壤厚度	4.023	-0.004	0.334	-0.125	0.001	-0.029	-0.003	-0.009	-0.037	-0.219	0.215	＜0.001
表层岩溶带厚度	22.33	0.118	—	—	—	-0.006	-0.017	-0.043	-0.089	-13.63	0.177	＜0.001

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表 6 基于植被类型和土壤厚度划分的土表层岩溶带厚度回归方程参数

Table 6. Parameters of the regression equations of the epikarst thickness based on soil thickness and land cover

	常数	地形湿度指数	坡度	高程	覆盖度	出露基岩率	植被归一化指数	土壤厚度	虚拟参数			R²	P
	常数	地形湿度指数	坡度	高程	覆盖度	出露基岩率	植被归一化指数	土壤厚度	D₁	D₂	D₃	R²	P
表层岩溶	11.932	0.063	0.001	-0.004	-0.021	-0.082	-2.503	—	-0.398	-1.569	2.666	0.232	＜0.001
带厚度	10.558	0.075	0.011	-0.002	-0.020	-0.063	-3.800	0.571	-0.340	-1.395	2.263	0.253	＜0.001

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