库水位下降叠加降雨作用时堆积层滑坡渗流-变形机制

许艺林; 李远耀; 李思德; 石浩

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220417

库水位下降叠加降雨作用时堆积层滑坡渗流-变形机制

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220417

1.
中国电力工程顾问集团西北电力设计院, 西安 710075
2.
中国地质大学(武汉)地质调查研究院, 武汉 430074
3.
武汉城建集团建设管理有限公司, 武汉 430022

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42172286

详细信息

作者简介:
许艺林, E-mail: 754203218@qq.com

通讯作者:
李远耀, E-mail: lyuanyaoli2007@126.com

中图分类号: P642.22
计量
- 文章访问数: 379
- PDF下载量: 57
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-07-27
- 录用日期: 2023-04-27
- 修回日期: 2023-04-21

Seepage-deformation mechanism of colluvial landslides under the action of reservoir water level decline and rainfall

XU Yilin^1
,,
LI Yuanyao^{2
, ,},
LI Side³,
SHI Hao²

1.
Northwest Electric Power Design Institute Co., Ltd. of China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Xi'an 710075, China
2.
Institude of Geological Survey, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Wuhan Urban Construction Group, Wuhan 430022, China

More Information

Author Bio:
XU Yilin, E-mail: 754203218@qq.com

Corresponding author: LI Yuanyao, E-mail: lyuanyaoli2007@126.com

摘要

摘要:
随着水库工程的兴建，库区堆积层滑坡变形失稳的问题日益突出。该类滑坡变形往往发生在库水位下降期，且在降雨作用下更加明显，库水位下降与降雨共同作用下滑坡的渗流-变形机制是其中的关键科学问题。以三峡库区万州石龙门滑坡为原型，通过设计物理模型试验，分析在库水位下降叠加不同强度降雨作用时，坡体的宏观现象及坡内的压力变化，揭示了堆积层滑坡在复杂水文条件下的渗流-变形机制。库水位下降对坡体前缘渗流的控制作用更加明显，而降雨会显著抬升坡体中后部水头，两者联合会增大坡内水力梯度从而诱发坡体变形。此类滑坡在库水位下降时的渗流-变形机制为：无降雨作用时，受坡体内外水头差影响仅出现浅层的坡表冲刷型作用，在联合降雨作用下，则转为动水压力型作用，在百年一遇暴雨条件下，坡体在高水位附近出现裂缝，进而发生整体变形，最大位移量可达58.3 mm。本研究成果可为复杂水文条件下堆积层滑坡风险防控提供理论依据。
- 堆积层滑坡 /
- 库水位下降 /
- 降雨 /
- 物理模型试验 /
- 渗流场 /
- 变形机制
Abstract: Objective
With the construction of reservoir projects, the problem of deformation and instability of colluvial landslides in reservoir areas has become increasingly prominent. These landslides often experience deformation during the period of reservoir water level decline particularly exacerbated by rainfall. Therefore, the seepage-deformation mechanism of landslides under the joint action of reservoir water level decline and rainfall is one of the key scientific issues.
Methods
In this paper, a typical colluvial landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, the Shilongmen landslide, is used as a prototype. Physical model tests were designed to observe the macroscopic phenomena of the slope body and the pressure changes in the slope during combined scenarios of reservoir level drops and rainfall of different intensities, revealing the seepage-deformation mechanism of the colluvial landslide under complex hydrological conditions.
Results
The test results indicated that the decrease in reservoir level has a more obvious effect on the control of seepage at the front of the slope, while rainfall significantly raises the water head at the middle and rear of the slope, and the combination of the two will increase the hydraulic gradient in the slope, thus inducing slope deformation.
Conclusion
The seepage-deformation mechanism of the colluvial landslide when the reservoir level drops is as follows: In the absence of rainfall, only shallow surface scouring action occurs due to the difference between the internal and external heads of the slope. Under the condition of the worst rain in a 100-year rainstorm, cracks appear near the high water level, and then overall deformation occurs, with a maximum displacement of 58.3 mm. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of colluvial landslides under complex hydrological conditions.
- colluvial landslide /
- reservoir level decline /
- rainfall /
- model test /
- seepage field /
- deformation mechanism
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 石龙门滑坡位置图

Figure 1. Location of the Shilongmen landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 石龙门滑坡剖面图

Figure 2. Profile of the Shilongmen landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 石龙门滑坡现场监测点

Figure 3. Site monitoring points of the Shilongmen landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 滑坡中部位移监测结果图

Figure 4. Displacement monitoring results in the middle of the landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 滑体材料配置

Figure 5. Material configuration of sliding mass

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 滑带材料配置

Figure 6. Material configuration of sliding zone

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 室内土工试验

Figure 7. Indoor geotechnical test

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 滑坡模型整体效果图

Figure 8. Overall effect drawing of the landslide model

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 坡体模型设计图

K1, K2, K3, K4, K5为孔隙水压力监测点；T1, T2, T3, T4, T5为土压力监测点

Figure 9. Slope model design drawing

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 降雨与库水位模拟系统示意图

Figure 10. Schematic diagram of the rainfall simulation system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 降雨模拟系统主控机

Figure 11. Main controller of the rainfall simulation system

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 进水管与小型抽水泵

Figure 12. Inlet pipe and small pump

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 工况一宏观变形

Figure 13. Macroscopic deformation of the condition Ⅰ

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 工况二宏观变形

Figure 14. Macroscopic deformation of the condition Ⅱ

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 工况三宏观变形

Figure 15. Macroscopic deformation of the condition Ⅲ

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 孔隙水压力变化图

Figure 16. Variation diagram of pore water pressure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 17 土压力变化图

Figure 17. Variation diagram of soil pressure

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 18 工况三变形阶段位移曲线图

Figure 18. Displacement curve of the deformation stage under working condition Ⅲ

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 19 S1~S5水力梯度变化图

Figure 19. S1-S5 hydraulic gradient change diagram

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 相似材料配比及参数

Table 1. Proportioning and parameters of similar materials

	重度/(kN·m^-3)		C/kPa		φ/(°)		渗透系数k/(cm·s^-1)
	原型	模型	原型	模型	原型	模型	原型	模型
滑体	20.1	20	38	0.53	15.2	32.0	7.8×10^-4	3.18×10^-5
滑带	21	21	27	0.21	12.9	10.5	—	—
滑体配比	滑体土∶河砂∶膨润土∶水=30∶60∶1.5∶8.5			滑带配比		玻璃珠∶膨润土∶水=69∶23∶8

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 模型试验工况设计

Table 2. Design of model test conditions

	原型工况	模型工况
工况一	库水位175~145 m	库水位175~145 m
工况二	库水位175~145 m+10年一遇降雨(66.6 mm/d)	库水位175~145 m+10年一遇降雨(8.2 mm/d)
工况三	库水位175~145 m+100年一遇降雨(106.7 mm/d)	库水位175~145 m叠加100年一遇降雨(13.2 mm/d)

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(27)

[1]	YIN Y P, WANG H D, GAO Y L, et al. Real-time monitoring and early warning of landslides at relocated Wushan Town, the Three Gorges Reservoir, China[J]. Landslides, 2010, 7(3): 339-349. doi: 10.1007/s10346-010-0220-1
[2]	张龙飞, 杨宏伟, 李曜男, 等. 库水与降雨对凉水井滑坡变形及稳定性的影响[J]. 水利水运工程学报, 2019, 41(2): 16-24. ZHANG L F, YANG H W, LI Y N, et al. Influence of reservoir water and rainfall on deformation and stability of Liangshuijing landslide[J]. Hydro-Science and Engineering 2019, 41(2): 16-24. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	张巷生, 卢书强, 刘欣, 等. 三峡水库蓄水条件下树坪滑坡稳定性影响分析[J]. 水利规划与设计, 2020, 33(5): 106-111. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2020.05.025 ZHANG X S, LU S Q, LIU X, et al. Influence analysis of Shuping landslide stability under the condition of Three Gorges Reservoir impounding[J]. Water Conservancy Planning and Design, 2020, 33(5): 106-111. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2020.05.025
[4]	肖诗荣, 胡志宇, 卢树盛, 等. 三峡库区水库复活型滑坡分类[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2013, 30(11): 39-44. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2013.11.009 XIAO S R, HU Z Y, LU S S, et al. Classification of reactivated landslides in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Academy of Sciences, 2013, 30(11): 39-44. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-5485.2013.11.009
[5]	LU S Q, HUANG B L. Deforming tendency prediction study on typical accumulation landslide with step-like displacements in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China[J]. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2020, 13(5): 1220-1230.
[6]	杨忠平, 李绪勇, 赵茜, 等. 关键影响因子作用下三峡库区堆积层滑坡分布规律及变形破坏响应特征[J]. 工程地质学报, 2021, 29(3): 617-627. YANG Z P, LI X Y, ZHAO Q, et al. The distribution law and deformation failure response characteristics of accumulation layer landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area under the action of key influencing factors[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2021, 29(3): 617-627. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7]	YAO W M, LI C D, ZUO Q J, et al. Spatiotemporal deformation characteristics and triggering factors of Baijiabao landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China[J]. Geomorphology, 2019, 343(6): 34-47.
[8]	汤明高, 吴川, 吴辉隆, 等. 水库滑坡地下水动态响应规律及浸润线计算模型: 以石榴树包滑坡为例[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2022, 49(2): 115-125. TANG M G, WU C, WU H L, et al. Groundwater dynamic response law and saturation line calculation model of reservoir landslide: Taking Shiliushubao landslide as an example[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2022, 49(2): 115-125. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[9]	石振明, 赵思奕, 苏越. 降雨作用下堆积层滑坡的模型试验研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2016, 43(4): 135-140. SHI Z M, ZHAO S Y, SU Y. Model test study on accumulation layer landslide under rainfall[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology. 2016, 43(4): 135-140. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[10]	李长冬, 龙晶晶, 姜茜慧, 等. 水库滑坡成因机制研究进展与展望[J]. 地质科技通报, 2020, 39(1): 67-77. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2020.0108 LI C D, LONG J J, JIANG Q H, et al. Advance and prospect of formation mechanism for reservoir landslides[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2020, 39(1): 67-77. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2020.0108
[11]	FENG Q, FENG H, FANG F H. Seepage analysis for dashiban landslide applied typical rainfall[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 1615(446/449): 1747-1750.
[12]	ZHANG Y, LU B, SUN H K. Study on seepage properties of Zhenggang large landslide under rainfall Condition[J]. Advanced Materials Research, 2012, 2091(594/597): 2557-2567.
[13]	吴琼, 唐辉明, 王亮清, 等. 库水位升降联合降雨作用下库岸边坡中的浸润线研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2009, 30(10): 3025-3031. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2009.10.024 WU Q, TANG H M, WANG L Q, et al. Study on phreatic line in reservoir bank slope under the action of reservoir water level rise and fall combined with rainfall[J]. Geotechnical Mechanics, 2009, 30(10): 3025-3031. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7598.2009.10.024
[14]	ZHOU D Y, ZHANG Z, LI J C, et al. Seepage-stress coupled modeling for rainfall induced loess landslide[J]. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, 2019, 9(1): 7-13. doi: 10.1016/j.taml.2019.02.006
[15]	WANG H L, JIANG Z H, XU W Y, et al. Physical model test on deformation and failure mechanism of deposit landslide under gradient rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2022, 81(1): 66-79. doi: 10.1007/s10064-021-02566-y
[16]	周昌, 胡新丽, 徐楚, 等. 三峡库区滑坡消涨带变形破坏模型试验[J]. 中国公路学报, 2018, 31(2): 252-260. ZHOU C, HU X L, XU C, et al. Model test of deformation and failure of landslide swelling zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Chinese Journal of Highway 2018, 31(2): 252-260. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	肖先煊, 许模. 水库滑坡变形特征的模型试验研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2014, 41(5): 107-112. XIAO X X, XU M. Model test study on deformation characteristics of reservoir landslide[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology 2014, 41(5): 107-112. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[18]	王琳, 谭建民, 李高, 等. 滑坡物理模型试验研究进展[J]. 科技通报, 2020, 36(8): 1-8. WANG L, TAN J M, LI G, et al. Research progress of landslide physical model test[J]. Science and Technology Bulletin, 2020, 36(8): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19]	杨登芳, 胡新丽, 徐楚, 等. 基于物理模型试验的多层滑带滑坡变形演化特征[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(2): 300-308. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0069 YANG D F, HU X L, XU C, et al. Deformation evolution characteristics of multi-layer sliding zone landslide based on physical model test[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(2): 300-308. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0069
[20]	GAO Y T, HU X. Physical model test and forecasting analysis of Boji stone landslides[J]. Applied Mechanics and Materials, 2011, 1446(90/93): 1369-1372.
[21]	刘才华, 陈从新, 冯夏庭, 等. 地下水对库岸边坡稳定性的影响[J]. 岩土力学, 2005, 26(3): 419-422. LIU C H, CHEN C X, FENG X T, et al. Influence of groundwater on the stability of reservoir bank slope[J]Geotechnical Mechanics, 2005, 26(3): 419-422. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[22]	徐楚, 胡新丽, 何春灿, 等. 水库型滑坡模型试验相似材料的研制及应用[J]. 岩土力学, 2018, 39(11): 4287-4293. XU C, HU X L, HE C C, et al. Development and application of similar materials for reservoir type landslide model test[J]. Geotechnical Mechanics 2018, 39(11): 4287-4293. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[23]	刘永红, 屈希峰. 关于模型试验黏性土相似材料选取的讨论[J]. 四川建筑, 2008, 28(3): 75-76. LIU Y H, QU X F. Discussion on the selection of similar materials of cohesive soil in model test[J]. Sichuan Architecture 2008, 28(3): 75-76. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	肖捷夫, 李云安, 胡勇, 等. 库水涨落和降雨条件下古滑坡变形特征模型试验研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2021, 42(2): 471-480. XIAO J F, LI Y A, HU Y, et al. Experimental study on deformation characteristics of ancient landslide under reservoir water fluctuation and rainfall conditions[J]. Geotechnical Mechanics, 2021, 42(2): 471-480. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[25]	HUANG F M, LUO X Y, LIU W P. Stability analysis of hydrodynamic pressure landslides with different permeability coefficients affected by reservoir water level fluctuations and rainstorms[J]. Water, 2017, 9(7): 450-450.
[26]	向玲, 王世梅, 王力. 动水压力型滑坡对库水位升降作用的响应: 以三峡库区树坪滑坡为例[J]. 工程地质学报, 2014, 22(5): 876-882. XIANG L, WANG S M, WANG L. Response of hydrodynamic pressure landslide to the rise and fall of reservoir water level : Taking Shuping landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area as an example[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2014, 22(5): 876-882. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	唐军峰, 唐雪梅, 肖鹏, 等. 库水位升降与降雨作用下大型滑坡体渗流稳定性分析[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 40(4): 153-161. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0409 TANG J F, TANG X M, XIAO P, et al. Analysis of seepage stability of large-scale landslide seepage under water-level fluctuation and rainfall[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(4): 153-161. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0409