Main controlling factors and development model of tight reservoirs in the Shihezi Formation-Shanxi Formation in the Ordos Basin: Taking the Binchang area as an example
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摘要:
明确致密储层"甜点"的分布是致密储层油气勘探的重点。通过岩心观察、薄片鉴定、X射线衍射、包裹体均一温度测定、常规物性分析等手段, 对鄂尔多斯盆地南部彬长地区上古生界致密砂岩沉积特征、储层特征、成岩作用进行了详细研究, 明确了储层形成的主要控制因素并建立了优质储层的发育模式。结果表明: 沉积相是储层形成的基础, 辫状河三角洲平原分流河道心滩微相岩石粒度粗, 孔隙结构为小孔-中细喉型, 储层物性相对较好; 曲流河三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝微相岩石粒度细, 孔喉结构为微孔-微喉型, 储层物性相对较差。成岩作用对优质储层的发育与分布具有重要控制作用。间歇性火山凝灰质在酸性地层蚀变为高岭石, 而在碱性地层蚀变为绿泥石套膜, 抑制了石英次生加大和方解石胶结, 保护了储集空间。石英次生加大主要为泥岩转化形成的SiO2渗滤到砂岩中形成的, 中晚期方解石充填长石、岩屑溶孔为方解石顶底板胶结的主要原因。晚期构造改造形成的微裂缝无方解石胶结, 改善了储层物性, 对气藏起调整作用。彬长地区在3 750 m和3 900 m埋深段附近为2个溶蚀孔发育带。最优储层为溶蚀孔发育带内火山凝灰质转化形成的富含绿泥石套膜的中-粗砂岩; 次优储层主要分布在溶蚀孔发育带内单砂体厚度较大、有旋回且无泥岩隔档的砂体的中下部, 主要为缺少绿泥石套膜的中-粗砂岩, 方解石胶结与石英次生加大作用最低。研究成果进一步深化了鄂尔多斯盆地南部地区上古生界致密砂岩优质储层发育的成因, 对该地区天然气勘探开发具有重要指导意义。
Abstract:Objective Defining the distribution of sweet spots in tight reservoirs is the focus of tight oil and gas exploration.
Methods Using core observation, thin section identification, X-ray diffraction, homogenization temperature measurements of inclusions, and conventional physical property analysis, the sedimentary characteristics, reservoir characteristics, and diagenesis of Upper Palaeozoic tight sandstones in the Binchang area, southern Ordos Basin were studied in detail.The main controlling factors of reservoir formation were identified and the development model of high-quality reservoirs was established.
Results The results show that sedimentary facies are the basis of reservoir formation, and the core beach microfacies of the braided river delta plain have coarse grain sizes, small pore-medium-fine throat pore structures, and relatively good reservoir physical properties. The underwater distributary channel and estuary bar in front of the meandering river delta have fine grain sizes and pore throat structures of micropore-microat throat pore structure, and the reservoir's physical properties are relatively poor. Diagenesis plays an important role in controlling the development and distribution of high-quality reservoirs. Intermittent volcanic tuff is transformed into kaolinite in acidic strata and altered into chlorite sheaths in alkaline strata, which inhibits quartz overgrowth and calcite cementation and protects the reservoir space. The secondary enlargement of quartz is mainly caused by the leaching of SiO2 from mudstone to sandstone.The main reasons for the cementation of calcite roof and floor are the filling of feldspar and the dissolution of cuttings in the middle and late stages of calcite. The microfractures formed by late tectonic transformation have no calcite cementation, which improves the physical properties of the reservoir and plays an adjusting role in the gas reservoir. There are two solution pore development zones near burial depths of 3 750 m and 3 900 m in the Binchang area. The optimal reservoir is the medium-coarse-grained sandstone rich in chlorite mantle formed by the transformation of volcanic tuffaceous matter in the dissolution pore development zone. The sub-optimal reservoir is mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the sand body with a greater single-body thickness, cyclicity and no mudstone interval in the dissolution pore development zone.This zone is composed mainly of medium-coarse-grained sandstone lacking chlorite film, calcite cementation and secondary enlargement of quartz are the lowest.
Conclusion These research results further increase the understanding of the genesis of the development of high-quality tight sandstone reservoirs in the Upper Palaeozoic, providing important guidance for natural gas exploration and development in this area.
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Key words:
- sedimentary facie /
- diagenesis /
- tight reservoir /
- dominant factor /
- reservoir development model /
- Upper Paleozoic /
- Ordos Basin
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图 6 彬长地区石盒子组-山西组典型成岩作用微观特征
a.彬1井,3 703.96 m,山1段,黑云母压实变形;b.彬1井,3 704.33 m,山1段,石英次生加大;c.长探1井,3 924.11 m,盒1段,凝灰岩蚀变高岭石;d.彬1井,3 715.02 m,山1段,黏土矿物鳞片状伊利石化;e.彬1井,3 705.03 m,山1段,丝状伊利石充填粒内见晶间孔;f.长探1井,3 767.39 m,盒7段,片状高岭石与丝状伊利石充填孔隙;g.长探1井,3 921.23 m,盒1段,中期方解石交代长石,茜素红红色;h.长探1井,3 919.66 m,山1段,铁方解石交代方解石,茜素红紫色;i.长探1井,3 763.84 m,盒7段,凝灰岩蚀变绿泥石套膜;j.长探1井,3 916.5 m,盒1段,长石溶蚀;k.长探1井,3 763.83 m,盒7段,钠长石次生加大;l.彬1井,3 708.45 m,山1段,石英溶蚀
Figure 6. Microscopic characteristics of typical diagenesis of the Shihezi Formation-Shanxi Formation in the Binchang area
表 1 彬长地区孔隙结构类型
Table 1. Pore structure types of the Binchang area
层段 类型 岩性 排驱压力/MPa 中值压力/MPa 中值喉道半径/μm 孔喉组合 区间值 平均值 区间值 平均值 区间值 平均值 盒1 1 (含砾)粗砂岩 0.35~0.42 0.38 1.15~2.16 1.66 0.769~0.986 0.825 小孔-中细喉 2 中-细砂岩 0.80~2.61 1.47 20.02~35.15 27.58 0.04~0.70 0.26 小孔-细喉 3 细砂岩 0.30~1.62 0.80 62.12~63.84 62.98 0.02~0.05 0.03 微孔-微喉 盒7 1 (含砾)粗砂岩 0.82~1.02 0.87 4.12~6.43 5.21 0.096~0.162 0.128 小孔-细喉 2 细-中砂岩 1.54~2.03 1.63 9.47~20.16 13.42 0.038~0.085 0.062 小孔-细微喉 表 2 彬长地区石盒子组-山西组储层沉积微相与物性关系
Table 2. Relationship between reservoir sedimentary microfacies and physical properties of the Shihezi Formation-Shanxi Formation reservoir in the Binchang area
沉积亚相 沉积微相 岩性 沉积构造 平均孔隙度/% 平均渗透率/10-3 μm2 辫状河三角洲平原 心滩 含砾粗砂岩 冲刷面 4.75 0.394 粗砂岩 槽状、板状交错层理、块状层理 3.68 0.204 中砂岩 4.05 0.110 曲流河三角洲前缘 水下分流河道 中砂岩 槽状、板状交错层理、沙纹层理、块状层理 2.20 0.100 细砂岩 1.30 0.056 河口坝 中砂岩 板状交错层理,块状层理 2.44 0.015 细砂岩 2.34 0.110 -
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