北方岩溶区降水入渗补给系数及补给机制：以羊庄岩溶水系统为例

康凤新; 郑婷婷; 冯亚伟; 徐秋晓; 刘彬涛; 王义生; 李传谟

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220477

北方岩溶区降水入渗补给系数及补给机制：以羊庄岩溶水系统为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220477

康凤新^{1, 2, 3, 4, ,},
郑婷婷⁵,
冯亚伟^{5, 6},
徐秋晓⁴,
刘彬涛^{5, 6},
王义生⁵,
李传谟⁵

1.
山东科技大学地球科学与工程学院, 山东青岛 266590
2.
山东省地下水环境保护与修复工程技术研究中心, 济南 250014
3.
济南大学水利与环境学院, 济南 250022
4.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局八○一水文地质工程地质大队, 济南 250014
5.
山东省鲁南地质工程勘察院(山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第二地质大队), 山东济宁 272100
6.
山东省地质矿产勘查开发局岩溶地质重点实验室, 山东济宁 272100

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42072331

国家自然科学基金项目 U1906209

泰山学者工程专项经费 tstp20230626

详细信息

通讯作者:
康凤新, E-mail: kangfengxin@126.com

中图分类号: P641.2
计量
- 文章访问数: 485
- PDF下载量: 78
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-08-31
- 修回日期: 2023-01-05

Recharge coefficients and recharge mechanisms of precipitation to groundwater in karst areas of North China: A case study of Yangzhuang karst water system

KANG Fengxin^{1, 2, 3, 4
, ,},
ZHENG Tingting⁵,
FENG Yawei^{5, 6},
XU Qiuxiao⁴,
LIU Bintao^{5, 6},
WANG Yisheng⁵,
LI Chuanmo⁵

1.
College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266590, China
2.
Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater, Jinan 250014, China
3.
School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
4.
801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jinan 250014, China
5.
Shandong Lunan Geological Engineering Survey Institute(The Second Geological Brigade, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jining 272100, China
6.
Key Laboratory of Karst Geology, Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Jining 272100, China

More Information

Corresponding author: KANG Fengxin, E-mail: kangfengxin@126.com

摘要

摘要:
为建立北方岩溶区水文地质参数系列, 提高岩溶地下水可采资源计算精度, 笔者团队于20世纪80年代开始, 在山东羊庄封闭式泉排型岩溶水系统开展了岩溶水均衡试验研究, 积累了40余年的监测试验数据。根据长期野外水均衡要素观测资料, 推导出裸露型、半覆盖型和覆盖型岩溶区降水入渗补给系数计算公式, 建立了岩溶区降水入渗补给系数α与降水量P和地下水位埋深D的相关方程, 以及可调控的最大降水入渗补给系数系列, 揭示了降水入渗补给过程与α变化机制。结果表明: α随水位埋深D的改变而改变, 每个降水量P段分别对应一个最大降水入渗补给系数α_max和最大降水入渗补给量即补给极限G_max, 相应的水位埋深便是最佳水位埋深D_critical。D>D_critical时, 包气带截留量随着水位埋深的增大而增大, α < α_max; D < D_critical时, 地表径流量随着地下水位埋深的减小而增大, α < α_max。不同的降水量段对应不同的D_critical, 降水量增大时, 对应的α_max及D_critical也增大。在任意水位埋深时, G_max为蓄满产流临界降水量与包气带最大截流量之差。本研究解决了岩溶区降水入渗补给的关键科学问题, 即揭示降水入渗补给机制、建立降水入渗补给系数与降水量和水位埋深的定量关系, 提升了我国北方岩溶水资源基础性研究水平。
- 岩溶水系统 /
- 包气带截留量 /
- 蓄满产流量 /
- 降水入渗补给系数 /
- 补给机制 /
- 羊庄盆地 /
- 北方岩溶区
Abstract: Objective
To establish a series of hydrogeological parameter for karst areas in North China, an on-site experimental study on water balance has been carried out since the 1980s in a closed spring-drainage karst water system in Yangzhuang, Shandong Province.
Methods
Based on long-term field observations of water balance elements spanning more than 40 years, the formulas for calculating precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients in bare, semi-covered and covered karst areas were derived. The correlation equations of the precipitation infiltration recharge coefficient α with precipitation P and water table depth D, as well as the series of adjustable maximum precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients in karst areas, were also established. The processes of precipitation infiltration and recharge and the mechanism of α change were explored.
Results
The results showed that α varied with D. Each rainfall segment P corresponded to a maximum precipitation infiltration recharge coefficient α_max and a maximum precipitation infiltration recharge volume, namely, the recharge limit G_max, while the corresponding depth of water table was the optimal depth of water table D_critical. When D was greater than D_critical, the interception of the vadose zone increased with increasing water table depth and α was less than α_max.When D was less than D_critical, the surface runoff increased with decreasing water table depth and α was less than α_max. Different rainfall segments corresponded to different D_critical, and the corresponding α_max and D_critical increased with increasing precipitation. At any water table depth, G_max was constant and equal to the difference between the critical rainfall of saturation excess runoff and the maximum interception volume of vadose zone.
Conclusion
This study addressed the key scientific issues related to precipitation infiltration recharge in karst areas and improved the research level of karst water resources in North China.
- karst water system /
- vadose zone interception /
- saturation excess runoff /
- precipitation infiltration recharge coefficient /
- recharge mechanism /
- Yangzhuang Basin /
- karst areas of North China
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 羊庄岩溶水系统概念模型图

Figure 1. Conceptual model of the Yangzhuang karst water system

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图 2 范村奥陶系入渗试验场地形及监测试验设施分布图(位置见图 1)

Figure 2. Terrain and the distribution of monitoring and experimental facilities at the Fancun Ordovician infiltration experiment site

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图 3 羊庄岩溶水系统四水循环示意图

P.次降水量；R_s.超渗产流量；R_o.蓄满产流量；R_e.表层岩溶带水溢出量；E.包气带截留量；G.降水入渗补给岩溶地下水量；ΔH.水位上升值；μ.给水度；ΔQ.地下水径流量增量；Q₁, Q₂.次降水补给前、后地下水径流量

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the cycle of four types of water in the Yangzhuang karst water system

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图 4 不同类型岩溶区地表产流临界雨量-水位埋深关系曲线

R′_o为蓄满产流的临界雨量；R′_s为超渗产流的临界雨量

Figure 4. Relationships between the critical rainfall amount of surface runoff and the water table depth in different types of karst area

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图 5 裸露型岩溶区包气带最大截流量曲线确定过程

1.“×”表示降水都被包气带截留，对岩溶水没有产生补给，即降水量小于包气带最大截留量E_max；2.“∨”表示降水量在满足包气带最大截留量后，又下渗补给岩溶地下水

Figure 5. Process determining the maximum interception curve of the vadose zone in the bare karst area

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图 6 不同类型岩溶区包气带最大截留量曲线

Figure 6. Maximum interception curves of the vadose zone in different types of karst area

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图 7 裸露型岩溶区降水入渗补给系数α=f(P, D)曲线图

Figure 7. Curves of infiltration recharge coefficient α=f(P, D) of single precipitation event in the bare karst area

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图 8 裸露型岩溶区降水入渗补给量G=f(P, D)曲线图

Figure 8. Curves of infiltration recharge volume G=f(P, D) of single precipitation event in the bare karst area

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图 9 羊庄岩溶水系统寒武系奥陶系地层多年平均地表径流系数、包气带截留系数及降水入渗补给系数

Figure 9. Multi-year average surface runoff coefficients, vadose zone interception coefficients and precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients in the Cambrian-Ordovician strata of Yangzhuang karst water system

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图 10 裸露型岩溶区不同水位埋深下多年平均降水入渗补给系数

Figure 10. Multi-year average annual precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients under different water table depths in the bare karst area

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图 11 裸露型岩溶区不同水位埋深下岩溶地下水补给过程及最大补给量/含水层最大可调蓄库容概念模型

Figure 11. Conceptual model of karst groundwater recharge processes and maximum recharge/maximum adjustable storage aquifer capacity under different water table depths in the bare karst region

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图 12 裸露型岩溶区不同水位埋深下岩溶地下水最大补给量/含水层最大可调蓄库容

Figure 12. Maximum recharge of karst groundwater and maximum adjustable storage capacity of karst groundwater at different water table depths in the bare karst area

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图 13 裸露型岩溶区定埋深下(D=15 m)降水量与岩溶地下水补给量关系曲线

Figure 13. Relationship between precipitation and karst groundwater recharge under a fixed water table depth (D=15 m) in the bare karst area

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图 14 羊庄岩溶水系统一年各月降水入渗补给系数

Figure 14. Precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients of the Yangzhuang karst water system for each month of a year

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图 15 岩溶地下水位(22号监测孔)-降水量-开采量动态

H.岩溶地下水位；D.水位埋深；P.降水量；CD.累计均值离差；Q.岩溶地下水开采量

Figure 15. Relationship between karst groundwater level (monitoring well 22) and precipitation and exploitation dynamics

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表 1 羊庄岩溶水系统降水入渗试验场基本概况及主要观测设施(位置见图 1)

Table 1. Basic overview and main observation facilities of the precipitation infiltration experimental sites in the Yangzhuang karst water system

试验场名	基本概况				主要监测试验设施
试验场名	地层	岩性	面积/km²	岩溶区类型	降水量	地表径流量	地下水位、包气带截流量、入渗补给量、泉流量
羊庄	第四系，下伏奥陶系	黏质砂土、砂质黏土	0.01	覆盖	自记雨量计	量筒	地中计、重力水托盘、岩溶水观测孔、自记水位计、负压计、中子水分仪
范村	中、下奥陶统	灰岩、泥灰岩、白云岩	0.60	半覆盖		矩形复合堰、自记水位计	岩溶水观测孔、矩形堰、自记水位计
龙山头	上寒武统凤山组	灰岩	0.33	裸露		矩形复合堰、自记水位计	岩溶水观测孔、矩形堰、自记水位计
小李庄	上寒武统长山组、崮山组	泥质灰岩	0.82	裸露		矩形复合堰、自记水位计	观测泉、矩形堰
龙王堂	中寒武统张夏组	灰岩	1.09	裸露		矩形复合堰、自记水位计	观测泉、矩形堰
东鳧山	中、下寒武统徐庄组、毛庄组	砂质页岩夹灰岩	19.00	裸露		矩形复合堰、自记水位计	观测泉、矩形堰
青莲	下寒武统馒头组	灰岩、页岩	0.31	裸露		矩形复合堰、自记水位计	观测泉、矩形堰
石嘴子	太古宙花岗岩	花岗岩	49.50	非岩溶		水库水尺	观测泉、矩形堰

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表 2 羊庄岩溶水系统各岩性区多年平均年降水入渗补给系数

Table 2. Multi-year average annual precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients for various lithologic regions in the Yangzhuang karst water system

地层	岩性	面积/km²	地表径流系数γ	包气带截留系数β	降水入渗补给系数α
第四系覆盖层	黏质砂土、砂质黏土	122	0.065 1	0.782 1	0.152 8
奥陶系	灰岩、泥灰岩、白云岩	16	0.085 0	0.708 1	0.206 9
上寒武统凤山组	灰岩	22	0.055 9	0.717 4	0.226 7
上寒武统长山组、崮山组	泥质灰岩	170	0.066 6	0.719 4	0.214 0
中寒武统张夏组	鲕粒灰岩	125	0.155 2	0.633 7	0.211 1
中寒武统徐庄组、下寒武统毛庄组	砂页岩夹灰岩	62	0.385 8	0.503 9	0.110 3
下寒武统馒头组	灰岩、页岩	23	0.035 4	0.761 9	0.202 7
新太古代变质岩、各期侵入岩	变粒岩、花岗岩、闪长岩	110	0.243 6	0.680 8	0.075 6
寒武系、奥陶系综合		418	0.138 9	0.663 6	0.197 5
全系统综合		650	0.142 7	0.688 8	0.168 5

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表 3 羊庄岩溶水系统裸露型岩溶区不同水位埋深下多年平均降水入渗补给系数α

Table 3. Multi-year average annual precipitation infiltration recharge coefficients under different water table depths in the bare karst area of the Yangzhuang karst water system

水位埋深/m	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
多年平均α	0.123 4	0.152 9	0.179 2	0.198 3	0.209 7	0.217 7	0.226 4	0.236 2	0.243 8

水位埋深/m	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50
多年平均α	0.250 9	0.274 1	0.285 3	0.293 1	0.294 9	0.293 4	0.287 4	0.082 9	0.279 3

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表 4 裸露型岩溶区不同水位埋深下地下水最大补给量

Table 4. Maximum recharge of karst groundwater at different water table depths in the bare karst area

地下水位埋深D/m	蓄满产流临界雨量R′_o/mm	包气带最大截留量E_max/mm	地下水最大补给量G_max/mm
2	29.90	17.59	12.30
5	50.87	25.55	25.31
10	76.04	31.98	44.05
15	96.20	35.84	60.36
20	113.67	38.60	75.07
25	129.37	40.75	88.62
30	143.80	42.51	101.29

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