Principle and application of S-SARⅡ technology for collapse emergency monitoring
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摘要:
崩塌灾害具有高隐蔽性、强突发性、重危害性等特点, 其预警监测是各类重大基础工程准备阶段以及施工期间的重要研究工作, 同时也是崩塌临灾监测救援现场指挥工作的重要科学依据。结合地基合成孔径干涉雷达技术(GB-InSAR)和最新的MIMO技术, 将应急边坡救援雷达S-SARⅡ的系统量程扩大了60倍, 并通过监测内蒙古某矿场主矿坑西南帮崩塌隐患点生成雷达形变图, 结合三维高程模型DEM以及多种预测模型预测崩塌发生时间。结果表明, S-SARⅡ精准地确定了形变区域及形变量, 并预测崩塌发生时间为8月29日9∶32-10∶27之间, 最终崩塌发生时间为8月29日10点26分。因此, S-SARⅡ准确预测了崩塌灾害的发生时间, 最大程度地保障了矿区的生产安全, 并通过实际应用分析证明, 优化后的S-SARⅡ的系统量程得到了数量级提升, 满足崩塌监测的需要, 且以S-SARⅡ为代表的遥测预警技术在地质灾害险情处置和应急救援中具有明显的技术优势。
Abstract:The collapse disaster has the characteristics of high concealment, strong paroxysm and serious harmfulness. Its early warning monitoring is an important research work in the preparation phase and construction period of various major foundation projects, and it is also an important scientific basis for the on-site command of collapse disaster monitoring and rescue. In this paper, combined with GB-InSAR and the latest multiple input multiple output(MIMO) technologies, the measurement range of emergency slope rescue radar S-SAR II has expanded by 60 times.The radar deformation map is generated by monitoring the potential collapse points on the southwest side of a open pit in Inner Mongolia, and the occurrence time of collapse is predicted by using DEM and various prediction models. The results show that S-SAR Ⅱ accurately determines the deformation area and corresponding magnitude and predicts that the time of collapse is between 9:32 a.m. and 10:27 a.m. on August 29, and the actual time of collapse is 10:26 on August 29. Therefore, S-SAR Ⅱcan predict the occurrence time of collapse disaster and guarantee the production safety of the mining regions. Through practical application analysis, it is proved that the range of S-SAR Ⅱ system has been significantly improved after optimization to meet the needs of collapse monitoring, and the telemetry and early warning technology represented by S-SAR Ⅱ has obvious technical advantages in geological disaster risk disposal and emergency rescue.
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Key words:
- S-SAR Ⅱ /
- collapse /
- MIMO /
- disaster emergency monitoring /
- GB-InSAR
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图 2 S-SARⅡ应急救援边坡雷达基本组成单元
Figure 2. Basic components of S-SARⅡ emergency rescue slope radar
图 4 某矿场主矿坑西南帮失稳边坡监测示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of unstable slope monitoring of southwest slope of main pit of Barun stope
图 6 形变图(a)、雷达图(b)和相干系数图(c)
Figure 6. Deformation diagram (a), radar image (b) and coherence coefficient diagram (c)
图 9 S-SARⅡ边坡雷达监测变形云图(a)及崩塌区域位移变形曲线(b)
Figure 9. Deformation contour(a) and collapse deformation curve generated by S-SARⅡ emergency rescue slope radar(b)
表 1 S-SARⅡ与其他监测技术的优势对比
Table 1. Comparison of the performance between S-SARⅡand other monitoring technologies
对比对象 对比对象的技术特性 S-SARⅡ的技术优势 GPS、全站仪等传统的监测手段 离散点形变量监测 大范围空间连续覆盖 埋置式监测，需要人员进入 远程监测 受天气、视通条件等限制 全天时全天候实时监测 激光扫描仪等遥测手段 测量距离为2 km 测量距离为5 km 测量精度为毫米量级 测量精度为亚毫米量级 需要人工多次跑点测量 全自动测量，无需人工参与 星载、机载雷达 重复观测周期最短需要11 d，难以实现定点连续观测 重复观测周期最短可达几分钟甚至几十毫秒，可以实现对形变区域的定点连续监测 时间和空间分辨率低，不适合获取小区域形变信息 可以获得很高的空间分辨率和测量精度 运行轨道固定、观测周期固定，易受地形、观测视角等影响 可根据监测目标特性选择观测时间基线 实孔径雷达 受极端天气影响较大 更强的环境适应性，搭配应急救援拖车平台，受环境影响小 每个分辨单元在每次扫描过程中只能被进行一次采样 每个分辨单元在每次扫描过程中可以被上百次采样，数据采集更全面 
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表 2 S-SAR Ⅱ监测参数
Table 2. S-SARⅡ monitoring parameters
精度 ±0.1 mm视线方向 发射功率 30 dBm 空间分辨率 距离向：0.25 m
方位向：4/8 mrad发射带宽/MH 600 波束宽度/(°) 水平向：60
俯仰向：30监测距离/m 30~5 000 极化方式 水平极化 监测周期/min < 10 工作温度/℃ -40~+55 防护等级 IP65 工作频段/GHz 17.2~17.8 功耗/W < 120
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