Controlling mechanism of pore-throat structure of different lithofacies on gas-water relative permeability characteristics of tight sandstone gas reservoir: A case study of the Lower Shihezi Formation in the Well J72 block of the Dongsheng Gas Field, Ordos Basin
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摘要:
为了明确致密砂岩气藏储层微观孔喉对气水相渗特征的控制机理，更好地指导气田增储上产，以东胜气田J72井区下石盒子组储层为研究对象，综合多种分析化验资料并细分岩石相探究了微观孔喉参数对气水渗流能力的影响，揭示了不同岩石相对含气性及产能的控制作用。研究结果表明：J72井区下石盒子组岩石相可以归纳为砾岩相、砾质砂岩相、含砾粗砂岩相、中细砂岩相、泥岩相五大类，其中含砾粗砂岩相、砾质砂岩相为优质岩石相；孔隙类型主要为次生粒间溶孔，平均占比达48.5%，含砾粗砂岩相、砾质砂岩相、中细砂岩相的粒间溶孔比例依次减少，三类岩石相均具有多重分形的特征，大孔比例逐渐降低，其中优质岩石相的物性好、综合分形维数小；优质岩石相的黏土矿物含量低、平均孔喉半径大，气体渗流时的可动气体孔隙度和最大有效气相渗透率较大，含气性好。综合研究认为优质岩石相是控制气井高产稳产的关键因素，深入剖析岩石相的微观特征可以为致密砂岩气藏的高效开发提供有力指导。
Abstract:To understand the controlling mechanism of pore-throat characteristics on gas-water relative permeability characteristics of tight sandstone gas reservoirs and better guide the increase in gas reserves and production, taking the Lower Shihezi Formation reservoir in the J72 well block of the Dongsheng Gas Field as a research object, the effects of microscopic pore-throat parameters on gas and water transport properties were studied by combining various analytical data and lithofacies division. The controlling effect of rock lithofacies on gas content and productivity was revealed.Results show that the lithofacies of the Lower Shihezi Formation in the J72 well block can be classified into conglomerate rock, gravelly sandstone, pebbly coarse-grained sandstone, medium- and fine-grained sandstone, and mudstone lithofacies, of which the pebbly coarse-grained sandstone and gravelly sandstone lithofacies are the high-quality lithofacies. Pore types are mainly secondary intergranular dissolved pores, with an average proportion of 48.5%. The proportion of intergranular dissolved pores in pebbly coarse-grained sandstone lithofacies, gravelly sandstone, and medium- and fine-grained sandstone lithofacies decreases successively.Pore space in the three lithofacies is multifractal, and the proportion of large pores gradually decreases. The high-quality lithofacies has superior physical properties and small comprehensive fractal dimensions. The high-quality lithofacies also has low clay mineral content, large average pore-throat radius, large movable gas porosity, maximum effective gas permeability during gas transport, and high gas-bearing capacity. A comprehensive study shows that high-quality lithofacies is the key factor in controlling the high and stable production of gas wells. The in-depth analysis of the microscopic characteristics of lithofacies provides useful guidance for the efficient development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs.
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图 1 研究区构造位置(a)及地层综合柱状图(b)
Figure 1. Tectonic location (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic histogram (b) of the study area
图 2 东胜气田J72井区不同岩石相典型照片及测井相特征
a.块状砾岩相，J21井，2 936.21 m，盒1段；b.块状砾质砂岩相，J116井，2 979.86 m，盒1段；c.块状含砾粗砂岩相，J116井，2 982.06 m，盒1段；d.槽状交错层理中粗砂岩相，J7井，2 823.41 m，盒1段；e.块状层理中粗砂岩相，J53井，2 894.10 m，盒1段；f.平行层理中细砂岩相，J72井，2 946.42 m，盒1段；g.块状泥岩相，J69井，2 952.47 m，盒1段；h.块状砾岩相，J7井，2 838.41 m，盒1段；i.块状砾质砂岩相，J54井，2 885.06 m，盒1段；j.块状含砾粗砂岩相，J116井，2 985.70 m，盒1段；k.槽状交错层理中粗砂岩相，J91井，3 005.60 m，盒1段；l.块状层理中粗砂岩相，J88井，3 002.32 m，盒1段；m.平行层理中细砂岩相，J72井，2 963.76 m，盒1段；n.块状泥岩相，J7井，2 746.95 m，盒3段
Figure 2. Typical images and logging facies characteristics of different lithofacies in the J72 well block of the Dongsheng Gas Field
图 3 东胜气田J72井区不同孔隙类型所占百分比
Figure 3. Percentages of different pore types in the J72 well block of the Dongsheng Gas Field
图 4 东胜气田J72井区下石盒子组不同孔隙类型照片
a.残余粒间孔、粒间溶孔，J32井，2 942.24 m，含砾粗砂岩相，铸体薄片；b.铸模孔，J90井，2 969.7 m，含砾粗砂岩相，铸体薄片；c.残余粒间孔、粒间溶孔，J93井，3 021.81 m，含砾粗砂岩相，铸体薄片；d.粒间溶孔，J92井，3 066.1 m，含砾粗砂岩相，扫描电镜；e.粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔，J48井，2 534.92 m，砾质砂岩相，铸体薄片；f.粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔，J93井，3 060.93 m，砾质砂岩相，铸体薄片；g.粒内溶孔，J91井，2 985.02 m，砾质砂岩相，铸体薄片；h.粒间溶孔、微孔，J89井，3 087.05 m，砾质砂岩相，扫描电镜；i.微孔，J70井，2 907.93 m，中细砂岩相，铸体薄片；j.粒内溶孔，J21井，2 875.03 m，中细砂岩相，铸体薄片；k.微裂缝，J72井，2 950.13 m，中细砂岩相，铸体薄片；l.微孔，J9井，2 990.66 m，中细砂岩相，扫描电镜
Figure 4. Images of different pore types of the Lower Shihezi Formation in the J72 well block of the Dongsheng Gas Field
图 5 不同类型岩石相毛细管压力曲线及孔喉分布
a.3类岩石相8块样品毛细管压力曲线；b.含砾粗砂岩相典型样品孔喉分布曲线，J91井，2 984.14 m，孔隙度为12.2%，渗透率为4.4×10-3 μm2；c.砾质砂岩相典型样品孔喉分布曲线，J72井，2 952.56 m，孔隙度为6.5%，渗透率为1.3×10-3 μm2；d.中细砂岩相典型样品孔喉分布曲线，J90井，2 988.36 m，孔隙度为5.5%，渗透率为0.43×10-3 μm2
Figure 5. Capillary pressure curves and pore-throat radius distributions of different lithofacies
图 6 不同类型岩石相典型样品分形特征曲线
a.含砾粗砂岩相典型样品，J91井，2 984.14 m；b.砾质砂岩相典型样品，J72井，2 952.56 m；c.中细砂岩相典型样品，J90井，2 988.36 m
Figure 6. Fractal characteristic curves of typical samples from different lithofacies
图 7 不同类型岩石相气水相渗曲线
Krw.水相相对渗透率；Krg.气相相对渗透率；Sw.含水饱和度
Figure 7. Gas-water relative permeability curves of different lithofacies
图 8 研究区下石盒子组压汞参数与气水相渗参数交会图
Figure 8. Crossplot of mercury injection parameters and gas-water relative permeability parameters of the Lower Shihezi Formation in the study area
图 9 不同类型岩石相黏土矿物含量直方图
Figure 9. Histograms of clay minerals content in different lithofacies
图 10 黏土矿物含量与气水相渗参数交会图
Figure 10. Crossplot of clay minerals content and gas-water relative permeability parameters
图 11 JX井下石盒子组不同岩石相含气性测井响应综合图
Figure 11. Comprehensive logging response of gas-bearing capacities of different lithofacies in the Lower Shihezi Formation of Well JX
图 12 研究区下石盒子组有利岩石相厚度与累计产气量交会图
Figure 12. Crossplot of favorable lithofacies thickness and accumulative gas production of the Lower Shihezi Formation in the study area
表 1 东胜气田J72井区下石盒子组岩石相归类
Table 1. Lithofacies classification of the Lower Shihezi Formation in the J72 well block of the Dongsheng Gas Field
岩石相亚类 砾岩相 砾质砂岩相 含砾粗砂岩相 中细砂岩相 泥岩相 岩石相类型 块状砾岩相 块状砾质砂岩相 块状含砾粗砂岩相槽状交错层理中粗砂岩相块状层理中粗砂岩相 平行层理中细砂岩相 块状泥岩相 
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表 2 不同岩石相高压压汞及气水相渗曲线参数
Table 2. Mercury injection and gas-water relative permeability curve parameters of different lithofacies
井名 深度/m 岩石相 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3μm2 高压压汞曲线参数 气水相渗曲线参数/% 排驱压力/MPa 最大孔喉半径/μm 平均孔喉半径/μm 最大进汞饱和度/% 分选系数 束缚水处含水饱和度 残余气处含水饱和度 等渗点相对渗透率 两相共渗区范围 J91 2 984.14 含砾粗砂岩 12.20 4.40 0.22 3.41 0.36 85.65 0.51 47.27 70.91 0.03 23.64 J72 2 942.93 含砾粗砂岩 11.10 1.47 0.29 2.52 0.38 91.53 0.41 55.95 84.58 0.03 28.63 J93 3 036.49 含砾粗砂岩 12.90 0.84 0.19 3.95 0.55 93.36 0.66 66.49 84.54 0.02 18.05 J72 2 952.56 砾质砂岩 6.50 1.30 0.43 1.73 0.08 86.12 0.16 67.74 83.87 0.02 16.13 J90 2 986.61 砾质砂岩 6.10 0.90 0.83 0.90 0.12 74.12 0.10 63.86 81.93 0.03 18.07 J93 3 022.34 砾质砂岩 8.70 0.20 0.54 1.37 0.19 85.12 0.18 57.79 74.03 0.02 16.24 J90 2 988.36 中细砂岩 5.50 0.43 1.20 0.62 0.08 67.61 0.06 63.77 78.26 0.02 14.49 J91 2 953.41 中细砂岩 3.90 0.69 2.58 0.16 0.03 41.18 0.02 65.24 78.61 0.02 13.37
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