Application of three-dimensional visualization modeling technology of ore bodies in metallogenic mode analysis
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摘要:
铜是我国国民经济建设重要的战略性金属矿产资源之一, 其国外进口依存度高, 因此铜矿的勘查和资源评估工作具有重要的意义。基于野外地质工作中所采集的地质勘探剖面及钻孔数据, 建立了滇西某铜矿区的三维可视化地质矿产模型, 并基于该模型估算了资源储量。计算结果表明: 全区矿石资源量为4 893.4万t, 铜储量为54.3万t。通过对比分析证实新地质矿体三维建模系统建立的模型及资源估算具有较高的可信度, 其多样化的分析板块及动态更新功能具有较为广泛的应用性, 能够运用于铜矿后续的钻探工程及资源量评估中。结合区域构造和矿床地质资料, 进一步分析了铜矿的成矿模式, 即后期火山气液充填交代富集改造为滇西某铜矿成矿的主要矿质来源, 构造运动对其控制作用明显, 主要体现在多旋回构造运动中形成的岩相古地理条件及后期断裂活动对容矿空间的改造。研究成果为进一步的勘查工作奠定了基础, 能够更好地指导找矿工作, 对相关类型多金属矿产的勘查和开采等实践应用亦具有借鉴意义。
Abstract:Objective Copper is an important strategic metal resource for national economic and social development. Therefore, the exploration and resource assessment of copper mines are of great significance.
Methods Based on collected geological profiles and drilling data, this study constructed a three-dimensional geological model for a copper ore deposit in western Yunnan, which was applied to estimate the resource reserve in the mining area.
Results The ore resource is estimated to be 48.93 million tons, including 0.543 million tons of copper. Through comparative analysis, the model and resource estimation established by our newly proposed three-dimensional geological modelling system shows high credibility, in which multiple analysis modules and dynamic update function have a wide range of applications and it can be used for future drilling engineering and resources estimation.
Conclusion This study provides the basis for further exploration work in this region, and it can also be applied to the exploration and mining of related polymetallic deposits.
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图 1 滇西某铜矿区地质简图
Figure 1. Geological map of a copper mine ore deposit in western Yunnan
图 2 滇西某铜矿区20号勘探线剖面图
Figure 2. Prospecting Profil 20 of the copper ore deposit in western Yunnan
图 3 滇西某铜矿区钻孔分布图
Figure 3. Borehole distribution of the copper ore deposit in western Yunnan
图 7 滇西某铜矿成矿模式图
Figure 7. Map of metallogenic model of a copper ore deposit in western Yunnan
表 1 铜矿区褶皱构造特征
Table 1. Characteristics of folding structures in the copper ore deposit area
褶皱名称 褶皱轴向 轴长/km 倾角/(°) 出露地层 褶皱形态特征 西翼 东翼 核部 翼部 大过口向斜 N12°~20°E 16.0 10~20 20~35 K1j J2h 长轴不对称，轴面东倾，西翼局部被董家营断层所切 岩脚-关山向斜 N10°W~N35°E 6.0 10~25 20~50 K1j J2h 轴面略微东倾 结结坝背斜 N10°W~N10°E 12.5 20~35 20~35 J2h K1j 长轴不对称，轴面微东倾，轴线大体呈向东凸出的弧形，南端被那布断层所截 翁姑田背斜 N5°E 5.0 40~60 5 P2 P1, T2 为长轴背斜，轴线微向西凸出，轴部及东翼大部分被断层错失 那布背斜 N5°~40°E 12.0 20 30~50 J1 J2h 长轴不对称，轴面西倾，轴线呈向西凸出的弧形，南端及西翼被那布断层破坏，为似箱型褶皱 荞家村向斜 N10°W~N35°E 28.0 35~43 25~45 K1m J2h, K1j 长轴不对称，枢纽起伏，轴线呈S或反S形，北端被断层所切，南端倾伏于第四系之下 大官营向斜 N20°~30°E 10.0 30~50 28~30 K1j J2h, J3b 长轴不对称，轴面西倾，轴线东凸，圈闭良好 岩脚背斜 N0°~40°E 24.0 25~45 20~40 K1j K1j, K1m 长轴不对称 坤南箐背斜 N10°W~N50°E 28.0 25~60 30~50 T2 J1, J2h 长轴不对称，轴面东倾，轴线呈反S形，东翼及核部多被NE向断层所切 老家村向斜 N20°E 6.5 25~40 30~40 K1m K1j 长轴向斜，两翼基本对称，轴线尚较平直。往南可与下帮弄向斜相连，二者处于同一褶皱带上 注：K1m.下白垩统曼岗组；K1j.下白垩统景星组；J1.下侏罗统；J2h.中侏罗统和平乡组；J3b.上侏罗统坝注路组；T2.中三叠统；P1.下二叠统；P2.上二叠统；下同 
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表 2 铜矿区断裂构造特征
Table 2. Fault structural features in the copper ore deposit area
断层编号 断裂名称 长度/ km 产状 切错层位 断层性质 断裂带标志 走向 倾向 倾角/(°) F1 大困博断裂 8.5 N24° T2 不明 岩石有明显碎裂现象 F2 坡脚断裂 6.5 N20°W T2-P2 不明 产状相抵，地层层位有缺失 F3 文肖-岔河断裂 15.0 N10°~30°E T2-P2 高角度逆冲断裂 局部倒转或产状相抵，断裂沿线岩石片理化、碎裂-角砾岩化或糜棱岩化，劈理、构造透镜体发育 F4 董家营断裂 8.5 N3°~10°E NW P2-J2h 逆断裂 产状相抵，具明显挤压现象 F5 翁姑田断裂 26.0 N4°~13°E NE 68 P2-J1h 逆断裂 产状相抵，层位缺失，破碎带劈理发育 F6 那布断裂 36.5 N10°W~N20°E NE 70 T2-K1j 逆断裂 层位缺失，层序颠倒，岩石破碎 F7 文招营断裂 13.5 N45°E J2h-J1 正断裂 两盘岩层产状相抵、层序颠倒 F8 小河边断裂 22.0 N10°~32°E NW T2-K1m 正断裂 岩石破碎剧烈，具挤压特征，出现产状相抵及拖拽、扭曲等现象
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表 3 铜矿区各地质体Cu元素变差函数拟合参数
Table 3. Variogram fitting parameters of geological bodies in the copper ore deposit area
地层及代号 结构模型 块金值 基台值 主变程 次变程 垂向变程 主方位 次方位 K1J2 球状模型 0.172 0 0.817 8 500.0 500.0 97.5 24.4 294.4 K1J1-3 球状模型 0.999 7 0.000 0 4 550.0 1 692.6 83.8 279.0 189.0 K1J1-2 球状模型 0.585 8 0.414 1 17 160.0 5 280.0 1 261.9 22.9 292.9 K1J1-1 球状模型 1.000 0 0.000 0 6 440.0 1 750.6 246.5 285.0 195.0 J3b 球状模型 0.275 9 0.723 7 1 762.1 647.4 670.0 7.0 277.0 J2h2 球状模型 0.640 0 0.359 8 623.6 435.3 1 000.0 50.7 320.7
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表 4 铜矿岩矿石化学全分析结果表
Table 4. Chemical analysis results of the copper ore deposit
岩性 Al2O3 SiO2 Fe2O3 FeO TiO2 CaO MgO K2O Na2O MnO 特征比值 wB/% MgO/CaO Fe2O3/FeO Fe/Mn 顶板 14.95 61.09 5.09 3.37 0.71 2.91 2.05 3.91 0.11 0.09 0.70 1.51 19.11 夹石 9.91 45.64 4.15 3.63 0.45 16.28 2.89 2.10 0.09 0.19 0.18 1.14 2.74 夹石 11.04 65.30 3.05 2.28 0.52 4.40 2.69 2.08 0.09 0.11 0.61 1.34 7.00 夹石 14.90 61.18 4.31 1.97 0.64 4.00 1.91 4.20 0.10 0.08 0.48 2.19 29.25 底板 9.02 66.97 2.63 1.71 0.42 7.10 1.33 2.16 0.05 0.16 0.19 1.54 5.75 平均值 11.96 60.04 3.85 2.59 0.55 6.94 2.17 2.89 0.09 0.13 0.43 1.54 12.77 矿石1 9.36 38.78 3.35 2.68 0.44 20.55 2.12 2.25 0.07 0.12 0.10 1.25 5.58 矿石2 7.88 32.59 3.16 2.54 0.36 24.92 1.68 2.08 0.07 0.13 0.07 1.24 4.77 矿石3 10.53 71.51 3.80 2.96 0.53 1.81 2.04 1.79 0.53 0.04 1.13 1.28 21.00 矿石4 6.04 25.44 2.59 2.26 0.28 30.92 1.47 1.55 0.06 0.12 0.05 1.15 2.75 矿石5 12.29 69.79 3.27 2.79 0.61 1.63 1.54 3.03 0.06 0.05 0.94 1.17 9.60 矿石6 7.79 29.93 3.23 2.40 0.35 27.21 1.72 1.77 0.09 0.14 0.06 1.35 5.93 矿石7 11.08 66.30 4.01 3.09 0.56 3.09 2.51 2.02 1.29 0.07 0.81 1.30 13.14 矿石8 8.14 35.75 3.14 2.59 0.37 23.67 1.99 1.79 0.13 0.11 0.08 1.21 5.00 矿石9 9.10 56.33 2.99 2.27 0.43 11.79 1.91 2.09 0.05 0.13 0.16 1.32 5.54 矿石10 12.60 65.02 4.33 3.19 0.60 2.43 2.51 2.61 0.59 0.06 1.03 1.36 19.00 平均值 9.48 49.14 3.39 2.68 0.45 14.80 1.95 2.1 0.29 0.10 0.44 1.26 9.23
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表 5 资源量估算验证对比
Table 5. Comparison of resources estimation from different methods
资源量 地质统计学法1 体模型法2 数值计算法3 断面法4 相对误差/% 矿石量/万t 4 893.4 4 821.2 4 527.0 4 615.7 5.89 Cu金属量/万t 54.3 55.1 51.7 52.6 4.66 平均品位/% 1.15 1.14 1.14 1.14 0.44 注：储量估算方法1~3为本次计算成果，方法4为断面法基于原始资料计算得到的储量结果；相对误差是本次计算结果与原始资料中断面法结果的相对偏差
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