四川盆地绵阳-长宁拉张槽中段下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩裂缝脉体特征及古流体活动过程

陈丽清; 吴娟; 何一凡; 蒋前前; 吴伟; 罗超; 杜国正

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220584

四川盆地绵阳-长宁拉张槽中段下寒武统筇竹寺组页岩裂缝脉体特征及古流体活动过程

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220584

陈丽清^{1a, 2,},
吴娟^{1a, 1b, ,},
何一凡^{2, 3},
蒋前前^1b,
吴伟³,
罗超^{2, 3},
杜国正^1b

1a.
成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室, 成都 610059
1b.
成都理工大学能源学院, 成都 610059
2.
页岩气评价与开采四川省重点实验室, 成都 610051
3.
中国石油西南油气田分公司页岩气研究院, 成都 610051

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 41502134

四川省科技厅应用基础项目 2018JY0437

详细信息

作者简介:
陈丽清(1987—), 女, 工程师, 主要从事页岩气地质综合评价方面的研究工作。E-mail: chenlq28@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
吴娟(1985—), 女, 副教授, 主要从事油气成藏过程、盆地数值模拟等方面的研究工作。E-mail: wujuan16@cdut.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.12
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- 文章访问数: 724
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-10-19

Fracture vein characteristics and paleofluid activities in the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi shale in the central portion of the Mianyang-Changning intracratonic Sag, Sichuan Basin

Chen Liqing^{1a, 2
,},
Wu Juan^{1a, 1b
, ,},
He Yifan^{2, 3},
Jiang Qianqian^1b,
Wu Wei³,
Luo Chao^{2, 3},
Du Guozheng^1b

1a.
State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
1b.
College of Energy, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.
Shale Gas Evaluation and Exploitation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610051, China
3.
Shale Gas Research Institute, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610051, China

摘要

摘要:
四川盆地绵阳-长宁拉张槽及周缘沉积了巨厚的筇竹寺组黑色页岩, 是未来深层页岩气勘探的有利目标。以拉张槽中段及周缘筇竹寺组富有机质页岩裂缝脉体中赋存的古流体为研究对象, 基于岩心和薄片观察了裂缝脉体的发育特征, 通过碳氧同位素测试分析了古流体的来源及成因, 利用盆地数值模拟恢复了地层压力演化过程, 进而探讨了筇竹寺组页岩气的保存条件。结果显示：绵阳-长宁拉张槽内的GS17井和拉张槽东侧的MX9井筇竹寺组页岩裂缝脉体相对不发育, 拉张槽西侧W201井发育多组顺层缝和高角度裂缝, 被早期方解石和晚期鞍状白云石、重晶石、石英等矿物充填；碳氧同位素结果表明成脉流体与热液和有机质脱羧作用有关；拉张槽内及东侧高石梯-磨溪地区筇竹寺组由于原油裂解发育强超压并保存至今, 而拉张槽西侧的威远构造虽然也曾经发育过超压, 但在晚期构造运动中发生了泄压作用。相较于拉张槽内和高石梯-磨溪地区, 威远地区筇竹寺组页岩气的晚期保存条件相对苛刻, 需要重点关注局部超压发育区。
- 拉张槽 /
- 筇竹寺组 /
- 页岩气 /
- 裂缝脉体 /
- 地层压力 /
- 古流体
Abstract:
Huge and thick black shale was deposited in the Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sag of the Sichuan Basin, which is a favorable target for shale gas exploration in the future. Taking the paleofluid preserved in the Qiongzhusi Formation shale as the research object, based on the petrological and optical characteristics of fracture veins observed in cores and thin sections, the source and origin of the paleofluid were analyzed by carbon and oxygen isotope testing, the formation pressure evolution of shale gas was simulated by using BasinMod software, and the preservation conditions of Qiongzhusi Formation shale gas in the central portion and surrounding areas of the Mianyang-Changning intracratonic sag were discussed. The results show that fracture vein rarely appears in the Qiongzhusi Formation shale of wells GS17 and MX9. While multiple groups of bed-parallel and high-angle fractures appear in Well W201, which are filled with mesocrystalline to coarse crystalline calcite, fibrous calcite, saddle dolomite, barite, and quartz. Carbon and oxygen isotopes indicate that fracture veins were generated by fluids of hydrothermal solution or organic matter decarboxylation. Hydrocarbon generation, particularly the crude oil cracking, induced the strong overpressure in the Qiongzhusi Formation of the intracratonic sag and the Gaoshiti-Moxi area, and the overpressure has been preserved thus far. Although overpressure was also developed in the Weiyuan structure, it dissipated in the late tectonic movement. Compared with the intracratonic sag and Gaoshiti-Moxi area, the late preservation conditions of shale gas in the Weiyuan area were relatively harsh, but some local overpressure areas need to be focused on.
- intracratonic sag /
- Qiongzhusi Formation /
- shale gas /
- fracture vein /
- formation pressure /
- paleofluid

HTML全文

图 1 研究区位置(a)、GS17井筇竹寺组岩性柱状图(b)及西东向地震剖面(c) (据文献[15-16]修改)

Figure 1. Study area location(a), lithological column of the Qiongzhusi Formation of Well GS17(b) and seismic profile from the west to the east (c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 研究区筇竹寺组页岩裂缝脉体宏观照片

a.黑色页岩中发育高角度裂缝, 断面上见擦痕, GS17井, 筇竹寺组, 4 985.15 m；b.黑色页岩中发育高角度剪节理, GS17井, 筇竹寺组, 4 976.15 m；c, d.黑色页岩中发育一条高角度张剪性脉体, MX9井, 筇竹寺组, 4 967.21 m；e.两组高角度剪切缝被矿物充填, W201井, 筇竹寺组, 2 802.26 m；f.泥质粉砂岩中发育高角度张剪性脉体, 脉宽约1.5 cm, 2 802.03 m；g.黑色页岩中的顺层脉, 2 714.50 m；h.黑色页岩中发育多条高角度剪张性脉体, W201井, 筇竹寺组, 2 632.16 m

Figure 2. Macrophotographs of fracture veins from the Qiongzhusi Formation shale in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 MX9井(4 967.21 m)筇竹寺组页岩裂缝脉体微观照片

a.图 2-c中的张剪性脉体在单偏光下连续拍照, 裂缝中主要充填石英, 夹杂围岩碎屑和黄铁矿；b, c.石英晶粒间夹杂着围岩碎屑和具橙色阴极发光的方解石；d.石英脉体中夹杂围岩碎屑和黄铁矿, 单偏光

Figure 3. Microscopic photographs of fracture veins from the Qiongzhusi Formation shale of Well MX9(4 967.21 m)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 W201井(2 802.03 m)筇竹寺组页岩裂缝脉体微观照片

a.图 2-f中的张剪性脉在单偏光下连续拍照, 可见沿裂缝边缘向中间依次充填中、粗晶方解石+重晶石-粗晶白云石；b, c.沿裂缝边缘向中间充填方解石、白云石和重晶石；d, e.粗晶白云石和重晶石混合充填；f, g.方解石和重晶石混合充填

Figure 4. Microscopic photographs of fracture veins from the Qiongzhusi Formation shale of Well W201(2 802.03 m)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 W201井(2 714.50 m)筇竹寺组页岩裂缝脉体微观照片

a.图 2-g中的顺层脉在单偏光下连续拍照, 可见沿裂缝边缘向中间依次充填有机质-细晶方解石+泥质-中、粗晶方解石+鞍状白云石；b~e.中晶白云石与鞍状白云石混合充填；f, g.沿裂缝边缘向中间依次充填有机质-细晶方解石+有机质

Figure 5. Microscopic photographs of fracture veins from the Qiongzhusi Formation shale of Well W201(2 714.50 m)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 研究区筇竹寺组页岩及脉体碳氧同位素值分布图

Figure 6. Carbon and oxygen isotope values of the Qiongzhusi Formation shale and veins in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 筇竹寺组页岩及脉体流体来源综合判识图^[32-33]

Figure 7. Comprehensive identification of fluid sources of the Qiongzhusi Formation shale and veins

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 伊顿法(a)和钻井液密度(b)计算筇竹寺组地层压力系数

Figure 8. Pressure coefficient of the Qiongzhusi Formation calculated by the Eaton method(a) and drilling fluid density(b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 MX9井筇竹寺组生烃史及地层压力演化史耦合关系图

Figure 9. Hydrocarbon generation and formation pressure evolution history of the Qiongzhusi Formation of Well MX9

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 W201井筇竹寺组生烃史及地层压力演化史耦合关系图

Figure 10. Hydrocarbon generation and formation pressure evolution history of the Qiongzhusi Formation of Well W201

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表 1 研究区筇竹寺组页岩及脉体碳氧同位素特征

Table 1. Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of the Qiongzhusi Formation shale and veins in the study area

井号	GS17井		MX9井	W201井
层位	筇一2亚段	筇二段	筇一2亚段	筇一1亚段	筇一2亚段
围岩δ¹³C/‰	-4.13~-2.86	-3.48~-1.09	-0.65~-0.17	-6.31~-3.06	-5.46~-3.30
围岩δ¹⁸O/‰	-12.96~-9.79	-13.18~-9.81	-12.83~-9.53	-15.14~-9.64	-15.05~-11.27
脉体δ¹³C/‰	-	-	-4.38	-5.85~-0.22	-3.30~-1.25
脉体δ¹⁸O/‰	-	-	-11.21	-16.01~-13.15	-14.80~-10.20
Δδ¹³C_{围岩-脉体}/‰	-	-	4.22	-4.27~2.10	-4.22~0.01
Δδ¹⁸O_{围岩-脉体}/‰	-	-	0.13	-1.18~5.34	-1.56~2.43

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 盆地数值模拟输入参数、模型及地层压力拟合结果

Table 2. Input parameters, models and formation pressure simulation results for basin modeling

模型选择	Compaction Method	Fluid Flow
	Pressure Method	Statoil fluid Flow
	Geothermal calculation	Transient Heat Flow
输入参数	钻井号	MX9井	W201井
	地表温度	20℃	20℃
	井底温度	156℃(5 600 m, 灯影组)	71.8℃(1 525 m, 龙马溪组)
	现今热流	50 mW/m²	48 mW/m²
	w(TOC)值	4.52%(筇竹寺组平均值)	2.13%(筇竹寺组平均值)
	R_o实测值	/	3.22%(2 822 m, 筇竹寺组)
筇竹寺组地层压力	实测压力系数	2.16(伊顿法计算)	1.01
	拟合地层压力	107.08 MPa(4 983 m)	28.2 MPa(2 822 m)
	拟合压力系数	2.15	1.00

下载: 导出CSV

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