Causes of reservoir diagenesis and pore structure differences of the Yanchang Formation in the WL area of the Ordos Basin
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摘要:
为了明确低渗透-致密砂岩储层孔隙结构纵向上差异性的成因。以鄂尔多斯盆地WL地区为例, 利用物性测试、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、高压压汞等分析资料, 通过对研究区成岩相的划分和不同成岩相纵向分布差异的分析, 对延长组不同层系储层孔隙结构的特征、差异性及其成因进行了探讨。研究表明, 研究区延长组主力层系共发育5类孔隙结构, 在同一层系内和不同层系之间孔隙结构存在较大差异: 上组合长2和长3油层组主要发育Ⅲa、Ⅲb类孔隙结构; 中组合长4+5和长6油层组主要发育Ⅳa、Ⅳb类孔隙结构; 下组合长7、长8和长9油层组主要发育Ⅳb、Ⅴ类孔隙结构。随着埋深增加, 储层孔隙结构及孔渗条件整体上逐渐变差。研究区延长组储层发育4种成岩相类型, 孔隙结构的纵向差异主要受控于成岩相类型的差异分布: 上组合大气水淋滤主导的溶蚀作用强, 发育不稳定组分溶蚀相和绿泥石胶结相为主的成岩相类型, 形成的孔隙结构以相对较好类型为主; 中组合胶结作用强, 发育绿泥石胶结相和碳酸盐胶结相为主的成岩相类型, 形成的孔隙结构以中等类型为主; 下组合压实和胶结作用强, 发育碳酸盐胶结相和富软颗粒压实充填相为主的成岩相类型, 形成的孔隙结构以相对较差类型为主。研究结果可以为鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组油气勘探开发提供有利指导。
Abstract:Objective To clarify the causes of the vertical difference of pore structure in low permeability-tight sandstone reservoirs.
Methods Taking the WL area of the Ordos Basin as an example, using physical property tests, casting thin sections, scanning electron microscopy and high-pressure mercury injection, through the division of diagenetic facies and the analysis of vertical distribution differences of different diagenetic facies the characteristics, differences and causes of pore structure in different layers of the Yanchang Formation were discussed.
Results The study showed that there were five types of pore structures in the main strata of the Yanchang Formation in the study area, and there were great differences in the pore structures between the same strata and different strata. The Chang 2 and Chang 3 oil layers of the upper combination mainly developed Ⅲa- and Ⅲb-type pore structures, the Chang 4+5 and Chang 6 oil layers of the middle combination mainly developed Ⅳa- and Ⅳb-type pore structures, andthe Chang 7, Chang 8 and Chang 9 oil layers of the lower combination mainly developed Ⅳb- and Ⅴ-type pore structures. With the increasing of burial depth, the pore structure and the porosity and permeability conditions in the reservoir gradually deteriorated overall. There were four types of diagenetic facies types in the reservoir of the Yanchang Formation in the study area. The vertical difference of pore structure was mainly controlled by the difference distribution of diagenetic facies types. The dissolution dominated by atmospheric water leaching in the upper combination was strong. The diagenetic facies types dominated by unstable component dissolution facies and chlorite cementation were developed, and the pore structure formed was dominated by relatively good types. The middle combination had strong cementation, and the diagenetic facies types dominated by chlorite cementation facies and carbonate cementation facies were developed, and the pore structure formed was mainly medium type.The lower combination had strong compaction and cementation, and the diagenetic facies types dominated by carbonate cementation facies and soft-rich compaction filling facies were developed, and the pore structure formed by them was mainly relatively poor.
Conclusion The research results can provide favorable guidance for oil and gas exploration and development of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin.
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Key words:
- pore structure /
- differential genesis /
- diagenesis /
- Yanchang Formation /
- Ordos Basin
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图 1 WL地区构造位置和延长组地层综合柱状图
Figure 1. Structural location of WL area and comprehensive histogram of Yanchang Formation stratum
图 2 WL地区长2-长9油层组砂岩分类三角图
Figure 2. Sandstone classification triangle diagram of the Chang 2 to Chang 9 oil layers in the WL area
图 3 WL地区延长组各层孔隙度、渗透率分布直方图
Figure 3. Distribution histogram of porosity and permeability of the Yanchang Formation in the WL area
图 4 WL地区延长组储层孔隙类型面孔率
Figure 4. Average content map of pore types of the Yanchang Formation reservoir in the WL area
图 5 WL地区延长组储层Ⅲa~Ⅴ类孔隙结构典型毛管压力曲线图
Figure 5. Typical capillary pressure curve of the types Ⅲa-Ⅴ pore structure of the Yanchang Formation reservoir in the WL area
图 6 WL地区延长组储层孔隙结构压汞参数分布图
Figure 6. Mercury injection parameter distribution map of pore structure of Yanchang Formation reservoir in the WL area
图 7 WL井区延长组各成岩相类型成岩序列图
Figure 7. Diagenetic sequence diagram of different diagenetic facies of the Yanchang Formation in the WL area
图 8 WL地区延长组储层成岩作用类型及特征(蓝色与红色为铸体薄片孔隙)
a.泥质岩屑、云母挤压变形，WL71井，4 97.2 m，长4+5，铸体薄片；b.方解石基底胶结，颗粒呈悬浮状，WL82井，1 249.4 m，长7，铸体薄片；c.绿泥石薄膜，WL91井，899.2 m，长6，铸体薄片；d.铁白云母胶结，WL34井，764 m，长2，铸体薄片；e.晚期铁方解石胶结，N194井，1 146.62 m，长8，铸体薄片；f.长石溶孔，石英次生加大，WL5井，1 437.6 m，长9，铸体薄片; g.浊沸石胶结，WL71井，497.27 m，长4+5，扫描电镜；h.叶片状绿泥石充填孔隙，WL87井，998.17 m，长6，扫描电镜；i.微晶石英、微晶长石，WL1井，1 437.60 m，长9，扫描电镜
Figure 8. Types and characteristics of diagenesis of Yanchang Formation reservoir in the WL area
图 9 WL地区延长组成岩相测井识别
Figure 9. Diagenetic facies logging identification of the Yanchang Formation in the WL area
表 1 WL地区长2到长9储层矿物成分统计
Table 1. Statistical table of mineral composition of the Chang 2 to Chang 9 reservoirs in the WL area
层位 长2和长3 长4+5和长6 长7、长8和长9 碎屑体积分数/% 石英 44.85 36.89 36.62 长石 47.44 53.11 52.56 火成岩岩屑 0.85 0.17 0.99 变质岩岩屑 1.41 0.11 3.99 沉积岩岩屑 0.17 0.61 0.67 云母 1.57 5.33 4.31 填隙物体积分数/% 泥质 1.34 1.56 3.64 绿泥石 1.92 2.27 1.28 方解石 0.84 1.00 1.43 白云石 1.89 0.00 0.33 自生高岭石 0.00 0.00 0.70 浊沸石 0.74 0.17 0.00 硅质 0.00 0.11 0.00 泥铁质 0.00 0.22 0.00 凝灰质 0.00 0.00 0.00 
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表 2 WL地区主要储层物性统计
Table 2. Statistical table of the main reservoir physical properties of the Yanchang Formation in the WL area
层位物性 长2和长3 长4+5和长6 长7、长8和长9 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 孔隙度/% 渗透率/10-3 μm2 最大值 14.2 9.10 14.9 6.10 15.7 2.06 最小值 8.2 0.30 3.8 0.10 1.1 0.03 平均值 11.8 1.38 10.6 0.74 7.4 0.29 样品数 15 15 94 94 143 143
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表 3 WL地区储层孔隙结构综合评价结果
Table 3. Comprehensive evaluation results of reservoir pore structure in the WL area
层位 微观孔隙结构/% Ⅲa类 Ⅲb类 Ⅳa类 Ⅳb类 Ⅴ类 长2和长3 23.5 35.3 8.8 11.8 16.6 长4+5和长6 0.0 11.1 30.2 33.4 25.3 长7、长8和长9 0.0 10.7 16.1 42.9 34.3
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表 4 WL地区储层成岩相综合评价结果
Table 4. Comprehensive evaluation results of diagenetic facies in the WL area
层位 成岩相占比/% 不稳定组分溶蚀相 绿泥石胶结相 碳酸盐胶结相 富软颗粒压实充填相 长2和长3 50.00 33.29 0.00 16.71 长4+5和长6 22.27 33.39 33.19 11.15 长7、长8和长9 7.69 7.69 30.77 53.85
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