成像测井解释评价方法及其地质应用

赖锦; 肖露; 白天宇; 范旗轩; 黄玉越; 李红斌; 赵飞; 王贵文

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220701

成像测井解释评价方法及其地质应用

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220701

赖锦^{a, b,},
肖露^b,
白天宇^b,
范旗轩^b,
黄玉越^b,
李红斌^b,
赵飞^b,
王贵文^{a, b, ,}

a.
中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
b.
中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42002133

中国石油大学(北京)科研启动基金项目 2462023QNXZ010

中国石油-中国石油大学(北京)战略合作协议 ZLZX2020-01

详细信息

作者简介:
赖锦, E-mail: laijin@cup.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王贵文, E-mail: wanggw@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: P631.8
计量
- 文章访问数: 610
- PDF下载量: 65
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-22
- 录用日期: 2023-03-31
- 修回日期: 2023-03-13

Interpretation and evaluation methods of image logs and their geological applications

LAI Jin^{a, b
,},
XIAO Lu^b,
BAI Tianyu^b,
FAN Qixuan^b,
HUANG Yuyue^b,
LI Hongbin^b,
ZHAO Fei^b,
WANG Guiwen^{a, b
, ,}

a.
National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
b.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

More Information

Author Bio:
LAI Jin, E-mail: laijin@cup.edu.cn

Corresponding author: WANG Guiwen, E-mail: wanggw@cup.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为了系统梳理成像测井解释评价存在的问题并拓展其在地质与工程领域中的应用范围, 首先回顾了成像测井采集系列的发展历程及资料处理步骤与解释流程, 然后提出了"四个层次"为约束(图像直接解释、常规测井约束、岩心约束以及地质理论约束)的成像测井精细解释方法。成像测井相模式可划分出具有地质意义的块状、条带状、线状、斑状、杂乱、递变模式和对称沟槽状模式七大类。成像测井可用于岩心定向、地层产状获取、裂缝评价、断层性质分析、地应力方向判别、沉积特征拾取以及古水流方向判别等领域中。通过阿尔奇公式反算, 成像测井数据矩阵可以生成孔隙度频谱以及视地层水电阻率谱, 并可分别运用于储层质量评价以及流体性质识别。成像测井切片处理可凸显沉积纹层等信息, 可实现细粒沉积岩纹层结构拾取及非常规油气储层高分辨率测井评价。Poro Tex图像结构分析技术可用于拾取孔洞缝等储集空间特征, 并定量计算孔隙度和裂缝孔隙度等参数, 因此被广泛运用至非均质性较强的碳酸盐岩储层测井综合评价工作中。研究成果可规避成像测井解释中的误区同时可扩展成像测井应用领域。
- 成像测井 /
- 孔隙度谱 /
- 视地层水电阻率谱 /
- 切片图像 /
- Poro Tex技术 /
- 地质应用
Abstract: Significance
To systematically address problems related to the interpretation and evaluation of image logs and expand their application range in geology and engineering fields, firstly, the development history, data processing steps and interpretation process of image log acquisition series are reviewed, and then fine interpretation methods for image logs, constrained by "four levels" (direct interpretation of images, conventional logging constraints, core constraints and geological theory constraints), are proposed in this paper.
Progress
The image log facies models can be divided into seven categories: massive, banded, cross-stratified, spotted, convoluted, graded and symmetrical groove modes. Image logs can be used for core orientation, formation attitude acquisition, fracture evaluation, fault property analysis, in situ stress direction discrimination, sedimentary characteristic pickup, palaeocurrent direction discrimination, etc. Through the inverse calculation of Archie's formula, the image log data matrix can generate porosity spectra and apparent formation water resistivity spectra, which can be used for reservoir quality evaluation and fluid property identification, respectively. Slab images can reveal information such as sedimentary laminae, fine-grained sediment lamina textures can be identified, and high-resolution logging can be used to evaluate unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Poro Tex image structure analysis technology can be used to identify the characteristics of reservoir spaces such as pores and fractures and to quantitatively calculate parameters such as porosity and fracture porosity. Therefore, it is widely used in comprehensive logging evaluations of highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs.
Conclusions and Prospects
These research results can help us to avoid misunderstandings in image logs interpretation and expand the application field of image logs.
- image log /
- porosity spectrum /
- apparent formation water resistivity spectrum /
- slab image /
- Poro Tex technology /
- geological application
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 不同测井公司典型成像测井图^[14]

a.FMS，塔里木盆地大北3井; b.FMI，鄂尔多斯盆地城96井; c.FMI-HD，塔里木盆地克深201井; d.EI，塔里木盆地克深501井; e.EMI和XRMI，四川盆地安岳2井; f.MCI，柴达木盆地埃查1井; g.OBMI，塔里木盆地克深205井; h.NGI，塔里木盆地博孜9井

Figure 1. Typical images of various image log company

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图 2 成像测井处理解释流程

Figure 2. Processing and interpretation of image logs

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图 3 不同成像测井相模式特征图片

Figure 3. Typical images of various image log facies

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图 4 异常成像测井相模式特征图片(不具有地质意义)

a.空白模式，大北201井；b.不规则条纹(带)模式，大北202井；c.规则条纹模式，克深202井；d.图像异常模式，克深201井；绿色实线表示1号极板方位

Figure 4. Typical images of various abnormally image log facies

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图 5 基于岩心与成像测井相互刻度的泥质条带与高角度裂缝识别

a.泥质条带，大北102井；b.高角度裂缝，克深2-5-5井

Figure 5. Recognition of mudstone layers and high-angle fractures using image logs calibrated with cores

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图 6 基于成像测井岩心定向及裂缝拾取^[14]

Figure 6. Orientation calibration of the core and removal of fractures via image logs ^[14]

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图 7 断层成像测井识别特征(迪那205H井)

Figure 7. Recognition of faults by image logs

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图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组钻具振动微裂缝(桃48井)

Figure 8. Drilling induced microfractures in Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin

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图 9 典型河口坝沉积微相常规测井以及成像测井图像和倾角特征拾取(博孜102井)

Pe.光电吸收截面指数；CAL.井径；GR.自然伽马；CNL.补偿中子；AC.声波时差；DEN.密度；RLLD.深侧向电阻率；RLLS.浅侧向电阻率，下同

Figure 9. Conventional well log and image log response and dip angle determination of typical river mouth bar microfacies

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图 10 库车坳陷侏罗系阳霞组吐格2井古水流成像测井恢复图

Figure 10. Paleo-current reconstruction map of Well Tuge 2 in Jurassic Yangxia Formation in Kuqa Depression

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图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组白云岩不同储层段孔隙度谱图(靳8井)^[29](SP.自然电位；CNC.中子, 下同)

Figure 11. Porosity spectrum characteristics of various lithologies and reservoir qualities in Ordovician Majiagou Formation dolostones in Ordos Basin

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图 12 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组白云岩典型气层段视地层水电阻率谱(靳8井)^[32]

Figure 12. Apparent formation water resistivity spectra of typical gas-bearing layers in Ordovician Majiagou Formation dolostones in Ordos Basin

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图 13 基于成像测井切片处理的细粒沉积岩纹层信息拾取

Figure 13. Slab image for capturing lamina in fine-grained sedimentary rocks using image logs

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图 14 基于成像测井Poro-Tex技术处理的碳酸盐岩储层孔洞缝特征评价

Figure 14. Pore-cavity-fracture recognition using Poro-Tex technology in carbonate reservoirs using image logs

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