成像测井解释评价方法及其地质应用

赖锦; 肖露; 白天宇; 范旗轩; 黄玉越; 李红斌; 赵飞; 王贵文

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220701

成像测井解释评价方法及其地质应用

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220701

赖锦^{a, b,},
肖露^b,
白天宇^b,
范旗轩^b,
黄玉越^b,
李红斌^b,
赵飞^b,
王贵文^{a, b, ,}

a.
中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
b.
中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42002133

中国石油大学(北京)科研启动基金项目 2462023QNXZ010

中国石油-中国石油大学(北京)战略合作协议 ZLZX2020-01

详细信息

作者简介:
赖锦, E-mail: laijin@cup.edu.cn

通讯作者:
王贵文, E-mail: wanggw@cup.edu.cn

中图分类号: P631.8
计量
- 文章访问数: 730
- PDF下载量: 74
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-22
- 录用日期: 2023-03-31
- 修回日期: 2023-03-13

Interpretation and evaluation methods of image logs and their geological applications

LAI Jin^{a, b
,},
XIAO Lu^b,
BAI Tianyu^b,
FAN Qixuan^b,
HUANG Yuyue^b,
LI Hongbin^b,
ZHAO Fei^b,
WANG Guiwen^{a, b
, ,}

a.
National Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
b.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China

More Information

Author Bio:
LAI Jin, E-mail: laijin@cup.edu.cn

Corresponding author: WANG Guiwen, E-mail: wanggw@cup.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
为了系统梳理成像测井解释评价存在的问题并拓展其在地质与工程领域中的应用范围, 首先回顾了成像测井采集系列的发展历程及资料处理步骤与解释流程, 然后提出了"四个层次"为约束(图像直接解释、常规测井约束、岩心约束以及地质理论约束)的成像测井精细解释方法。成像测井相模式可划分出具有地质意义的块状、条带状、线状、斑状、杂乱、递变模式和对称沟槽状模式七大类。成像测井可用于岩心定向、地层产状获取、裂缝评价、断层性质分析、地应力方向判别、沉积特征拾取以及古水流方向判别等领域中。通过阿尔奇公式反算, 成像测井数据矩阵可以生成孔隙度频谱以及视地层水电阻率谱, 并可分别运用于储层质量评价以及流体性质识别。成像测井切片处理可凸显沉积纹层等信息, 可实现细粒沉积岩纹层结构拾取及非常规油气储层高分辨率测井评价。Poro Tex图像结构分析技术可用于拾取孔洞缝等储集空间特征, 并定量计算孔隙度和裂缝孔隙度等参数, 因此被广泛运用至非均质性较强的碳酸盐岩储层测井综合评价工作中。研究成果可规避成像测井解释中的误区同时可扩展成像测井应用领域。
- 成像测井 /
- 孔隙度谱 /
- 视地层水电阻率谱 /
- 切片图像 /
- Poro Tex技术 /
- 地质应用
Abstract: Significance
To systematically address problems related to the interpretation and evaluation of image logs and expand their application range in geology and engineering fields, firstly, the development history, data processing steps and interpretation process of image log acquisition series are reviewed, and then fine interpretation methods for image logs, constrained by "four levels" (direct interpretation of images, conventional logging constraints, core constraints and geological theory constraints), are proposed in this paper.
Progress
The image log facies models can be divided into seven categories: massive, banded, cross-stratified, spotted, convoluted, graded and symmetrical groove modes. Image logs can be used for core orientation, formation attitude acquisition, fracture evaluation, fault property analysis, in situ stress direction discrimination, sedimentary characteristic pickup, palaeocurrent direction discrimination, etc. Through the inverse calculation of Archie's formula, the image log data matrix can generate porosity spectra and apparent formation water resistivity spectra, which can be used for reservoir quality evaluation and fluid property identification, respectively. Slab images can reveal information such as sedimentary laminae, fine-grained sediment lamina textures can be identified, and high-resolution logging can be used to evaluate unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Poro Tex image structure analysis technology can be used to identify the characteristics of reservoir spaces such as pores and fractures and to quantitatively calculate parameters such as porosity and fracture porosity. Therefore, it is widely used in comprehensive logging evaluations of highly heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs.
Conclusions and Prospects
These research results can help us to avoid misunderstandings in image logs interpretation and expand the application field of image logs.
- image log /
- porosity spectrum /
- apparent formation water resistivity spectrum /
- slab image /
- Poro Tex technology /
- geological application
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 不同测井公司典型成像测井图^[14]

a.FMS，塔里木盆地大北3井; b.FMI，鄂尔多斯盆地城96井; c.FMI-HD，塔里木盆地克深201井; d.EI，塔里木盆地克深501井; e.EMI和XRMI，四川盆地安岳2井; f.MCI，柴达木盆地埃查1井; g.OBMI，塔里木盆地克深205井; h.NGI，塔里木盆地博孜9井

Figure 1. Typical images of various image log company

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 成像测井处理解释流程

Figure 2. Processing and interpretation of image logs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 不同成像测井相模式特征图片

Figure 3. Typical images of various image log facies

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 异常成像测井相模式特征图片(不具有地质意义)

a.空白模式，大北201井；b.不规则条纹(带)模式，大北202井；c.规则条纹模式，克深202井；d.图像异常模式，克深201井；绿色实线表示1号极板方位

Figure 4. Typical images of various abnormally image log facies

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 基于岩心与成像测井相互刻度的泥质条带与高角度裂缝识别

a.泥质条带，大北102井；b.高角度裂缝，克深2-5-5井

Figure 5. Recognition of mudstone layers and high-angle fractures using image logs calibrated with cores

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 基于成像测井岩心定向及裂缝拾取^[14]

Figure 6. Orientation calibration of the core and removal of fractures via image logs ^[14]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 断层成像测井识别特征(迪那205H井)

Figure 7. Recognition of faults by image logs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组钻具振动微裂缝(桃48井)

Figure 8. Drilling induced microfractures in Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 典型河口坝沉积微相常规测井以及成像测井图像和倾角特征拾取(博孜102井)

Pe.光电吸收截面指数；CAL.井径；GR.自然伽马；CNL.补偿中子；AC.声波时差；DEN.密度；RLLD.深侧向电阻率；RLLS.浅侧向电阻率，下同

Figure 9. Conventional well log and image log response and dip angle determination of typical river mouth bar microfacies

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 库车坳陷侏罗系阳霞组吐格2井古水流成像测井恢复图

Figure 10. Paleo-current reconstruction map of Well Tuge 2 in Jurassic Yangxia Formation in Kuqa Depression

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组白云岩不同储层段孔隙度谱图(靳8井)^[29](SP.自然电位；CNC.中子, 下同)

Figure 11. Porosity spectrum characteristics of various lithologies and reservoir qualities in Ordovician Majiagou Formation dolostones in Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组白云岩典型气层段视地层水电阻率谱(靳8井)^[32]

Figure 12. Apparent formation water resistivity spectra of typical gas-bearing layers in Ordovician Majiagou Formation dolostones in Ordos Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 基于成像测井切片处理的细粒沉积岩纹层信息拾取

Figure 13. Slab image for capturing lamina in fine-grained sedimentary rocks using image logs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 基于成像测井Poro-Tex技术处理的碳酸盐岩储层孔洞缝特征评价

Figure 14. Pore-cavity-fracture recognition using Poro-Tex technology in carbonate reservoirs using image logs

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(85)

[1]	刘光鼎, 李庆谋, 刘少华. 全球变化的地球物理测井研究[J]. 地球物理学进展, 1999, 14(4): 1-8. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ199904000.htm LIU G D, LI Q M, LIU S H. Geophysical well log in global change[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 1999, 14(4): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ199904000.htm
[2]	AL-MUDHAFAR W J. Integrating machine learning and data analytics for geostatistical characterization of clastic reservoirs[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2020, 195: 107837. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2020.107837
[3]	李宁, 徐彬森, 武宏亮, 等. 人工智能在测井地层评价中的应用现状及前景[J]. 石油学报, 2021, 42(4): 508-522. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB202104008.htm LI N, XU B S, WU H L, et al. Application status and prospects of artificial intelligence in well logging and formation evaluation[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2021, 42(4): 508-522. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB202104008.htm
[4]	刘国强. 非常规油气勘探测井评价技术的挑战与对策[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(5): 891-902. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK202105003.htm LIU G Q. Challenges and countermeasures of log evaluation in unconventional petroleum exploration[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(5): 891-902. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK202105003.htm
[5]	赖锦, 庞小娇, 赵鑫, 等. 测井地质学研究中的典型误区与科学思维[J]. 天然气工业, 2022, 42(7): 31-44. doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2022.07.004 LAI J, PANG X J, ZHAO X, et al. Typical misunderstandings and scientific ideas in well logging geology research[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2022, 42(7): 31-44. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3787/j.issn.1000-0976.2022.07.004
[6]	GOODALL T M, MOLLER N K, RONNINGSLAND T M. The integration of electrical image logs with core data for improved sedimentological interpretation[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 1998, 136: 237-248. doi: 10.1144/GSL.SP.1998.136.01.20
[7]	付建伟, 肖立志, 张元中. 井下声电成像测井仪的现状与发展趋势[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2004, 19(4): 730-738. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2004.04.002 FU J W, XIAO L Z, ZHANG Y Z. Status and developing trend of acoustical and electrical imaging well logging tools[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2004, 19(4): 730-738. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2004.04.002
[8]	王珺, 杨长春, 许大华, 等. 微电阻率扫描成像测井方法应用及发展前景[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2005, 20(2): 357-364. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.02.017 WANG J, YANG C C, XU D H, et al. Application and prospect of the formation microresistivity image well logging[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2005, 20(2): 357-364. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2005.02.017
[9]	钟广法, 游倩. 高分辨率FMS成像测井资料在科学大洋钻探中的应用[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(3): 347-358. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ201203015.htm ZHONG G F, YOU Q. Applications of high-resolution formation microscanner image logs to scientific ocean drilling[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2012, 27(3): 347-358. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ201203015.htm
[10]	赖锦, 王贵文, 庞小娇, 等. 测井地质学前世、今生与未来: 写在《测井地质学·第二版》出版之时[J]. 地质论评, 2021, 67(6): 1804-1828. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP202106023.htm LAI J, WANG G W, PANG X J, et al. The past, present and future of well logging geology: To celebrate the publication of second edition of 《Well Logging Geology》[J]. Geological Review, 2021, 67(6): 1804-1828. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP202106023.htm
[11]	LAI J, WANG G W, FAN Q X, et al. Geophysical well-log evaluation in the era of unconventional hydrocarbon resources: A review on current status and prospects[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 2022, 43(3): 913-957. doi: 10.1007/s10712-022-09705-4
[12]	吴煜宇, 张为民, 田昌炳, 等. 成像测井资料在礁滩型碳酸盐岩储集层岩性和沉积相识别中的应用: 以伊拉克鲁迈拉油田为例[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2013, 28(3): 1497-1506. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ201303044.htm WU Y Y, ZHANG W M, TIAN C B, et al. Application of image logging in identifying lithologies and sedimental facies in reef-shoal carbonate reservoir: Take Rumaila oil field in Iraq for example[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2013, 28(3): 1497-1506. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ201303044.htm
[13]	田雨, 张兴阳, 朱国维, 等. 成像测井在台缘斜坡礁滩微相研究中的应用: 以土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸中部卡洛夫阶-牛津阶为例[J]. 海相油气地质, 2016, 21(2): 72-78. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2016.02.009 TIAN Y, ZHANG X Y, ZHU G W, et al. Application of imaging logging in studying reef-bank microfacies sediments in platform margin slope: A case of Callovian-Oxfordian reservoirs in the central part of right bank of Amu Darya, Turkmenistan[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2016, 21(2): 72-78. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-9854.2016.02.009
[14]	LAI J, WANG G W, WANG S, et al. A review on the applications of image logs in structural analysis and sedimentary characterization[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, 95: 139-166. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2018.04.020
[15]	杨玉卿, 崔维平, 王猛. 成像测井沉积学研究进展与发展趋势[J]. 中国海上油气, 2017, 29(3): 7-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSD201703002.htm YANG Y Q, CUI W P, WANG M. A review on the research progress and development trend of imaging logging sedimentology[J]. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2017, 29(3): 7-18. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZHSD201703002.htm
[16]	陈康, 闫建平, 赵振宇, 等. 应用电成像测井识别鄂尔多斯盆地薄互层砂泥岩[J]. 测井技术, 2020, 44(6): 576-583. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJJS202006013.htm CHEN K, YAN J P, ZHAO Z Y, et al. Identification of thin interbed sand and shale with electrical imaging logging in Ordos Basin[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2020, 44(6): 576-583. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJJS202006013.htm
[17]	尤征, 杜旭东, 侯会军, 等. 成像测井解释模式探讨[J]. 测井技术, 2000, 24(5): 393-399. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1338.2000.05.014 YOU Z, DU X D, HOU H J, et al. Discussion on imaging log interpretation mode[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2000, 24(5): 393-399. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1338.2000.05.014
[18]	黄继新, 彭仕宓, 王小军, 等. 成像测井资料在裂缝和地应力研究中的应用[J]. 石油学报, 2006, 27(6): 65-69. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2006.06.014 HUANG J X, PENG S M, WANG X J, et al. Applications of imaging logging data in the research of fracture and ground stress[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2006, 27(6): 65-69. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0253-2697.2006.06.014
[19]	闫建平, 蔡进功, 赵铭海, 等. 电成像测井在砂砾岩体沉积特征研究中的应用[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2011, 38(4): 444-451. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201104009.htm YAN J P, CAI J G, ZHAO M H, et al. Application of electrical image logging in the study of sedimentary characteristics of sandy conglomerates[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2011, 38(4): 444-451. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKYK201104009.htm
[20]	DONSELAAR M E, SCHMIDT J M. Integration of outcrop and borehole image logs for high-resolution facies interpretation: Example from a fluvial fan in the Ebro Basin, Spain[J]. Sedimentology, 2005, 52(5): 1021-1042. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3091.2005.00737.x
[21]	FOLKESTAD A, VESELOVSKY Z, ROBERTS P. Utilising borehole image logs to interpret delta to estuarine system: A case study of the subsurface Lower Jurassic Cook Formation in the Norwegian, northern North Sea[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2012, 29(1): 255-275. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2011.07.008
[22]	LAI J, WANG G W, FAN Z Y, et al. Fracture detection in oil-based drilling mud using a combination of borehole image and sonic logs[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2017, 84: 195-214. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.03.035
[23]	赵元良, 葛盛权, 韩闯, 等. 新一代油基钻井液电成像测井在库车坳陷低孔砂岩储集层评价中的应用[J]. 测井技术, 2019, 43(5): 514-518. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJJS201905015.htm ZHAO Y L, GE S Q, HAN C, et al. Application of new-generation oil-based microresistivity image logs in evaluating low-porosity sandstone reservoir in Kuqa Depression[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2019, 43(5): 514-518. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJJS201905015.htm
[24]	LAI J, WANG G W, FAN Q X, et al. Toward the scientific interpretation of geophysical well logs: Typical misunderstandings and countermeasures[J]. Surveys in Geophysics, 2023, 44(2): 463-494. doi: 10.1007/s10712-022-09746-9
[25]	ZAZOUN R S. Fracture density estimation from core and conventional well logs data using artificial neural networks: The Cambro-Ordovician reservoirs of Mesdar oil field, Algeria[J]. Journal of African Earth Sciences, 2013, 83: 55-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2013.03.003
[26]	黄玉越, 王贵文, 宋连腾, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系风城组页岩储集层裂缝测井识别与有效性分析[J]. 古地理学报, 2022, 24(3): 540-555. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202203010.htm HUANG Y Y, WANG G W, SONG L T, et al. Fracture logging identification and effectiveness analysis of shale reservoir of the Permian Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2022, 24(3): 540-555. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202203010.htm
[27]	LAI J, WANG S, ZHANG C S, et al. Spectrum of pore types and networks in the deep Cambrian to Lower Ordovician dolostones in Tarim Basin, China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2020, 112: 104081. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2019.104081
[28]	吴兴能, 刘瑞林, 雷军, 等. 电成像测井资料变换为孔隙度分布图像的研究[J]. 测井技术, 2008, 32(1): 53-56. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1338.2008.01.015 WU X N, LIU R L, LEI J, et al. Study on converting electrical imaging log into porosity distribution image[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2008, 32(1): 53-56. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-1338.2008.01.015
[29]	LAI J, PANG X J, XIAO Q Y, et al. Prediction of reservoir quality in carbonates via porosity spectrum from image logs[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019, 173: 197-208. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2018.10.022
[30]	印兴耀, 马妮, 马正乾, 等. 地应力预测技术的研究现状与进展[J]. 石油物探, 2018, 57(4): 488-504. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYWT201804002.htm YIN X Y, MA N, MA Z Q, et al. Review of in-situ stress prediction technology[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2018, 57(4): 488-504. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYWT201804002.htm
[31]	肖承文, 张承森, 刘世伟, 等. 塔中寒武系深层白云岩储层测井评价技术[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2015, 26(7): 1323-1333. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201507015.htm XIAO C W, ZHANG C S, LIU S W, et al. Logging evaluation technology of Cambrian deep dolomite reservoir in Tazhong area[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2015, 26(7): 1323-1333. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201507015.htm
[32]	WANG G W, LAI J, LIU B C, et al. Fluid property discrimination in dolostone reservoirs using well logs[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2020, 94(3): 831-846. doi: 10.1111/1755-6724.14526
[33]	MUNIZ M C, BOSENCE D W J. Pre-salt microbialites from the Campos Basin (offshore Brazil): Image log facies, facies model and cyclicity in lacustrine carbonates[J]. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2015, 418: 221-242. doi: 10.1144/SP418.10
[34]	蔺敬旗, 孟鑫, 李晴晴, 等. 砾岩储层电成像测井表征方法及应用: 以准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷砾岩油藏为例[J]. 石油钻探技术, 2022, 50(2): 126-131. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYZT202202016.htm LIN J Q, MENG X, LI Q Q, et al. Characterization method and application of electrical imaging logging in conglomerate reservoir: A case study in Mahu Sag of Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Drilling Techniques, 2022, 50(2): 126-131. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYZT202202016.htm
[35]	SERRA O. Formation microscanner image interpretation[D]. Houston Texas: Schlumberger Educational Services, 1989.
[36]	KHOSHBAKHT F, AZIZZADEH M, MEMARIAN H, et al. Comparison of electrical image log with core in a fractured carbonate reservoir[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2012, 86/87: 289-296. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2012.03.007
[37]	赖锦, 韩能润, 贾云武, 等. 基于测井资料的辫状河三角洲沉积储层精细描述[J]. 中国地质, 2018, 45(2): 304-318. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201802008.htm LAI J, HAN N R, JIA Y W, et al. Detailed description of the sedimentary reservoir of a braided delta based on well logs[J]. Geology in China, 2018, 45(2): 304-318. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DIZI201802008.htm
[38]	苟启洋, 徐尚, 郝芳, 等. 基于成像测井的泥页岩裂缝研究: 以焦石坝区块为例[J]. 地质科技通报, 2020, 39(6): 193-200. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2020.0620 GOU Q Y, XU S, HAO F, et al. Research on mud shale fractures based on image logging: A case study of Jiaoshiba area[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2020, 39(6): 193-200. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2020.0620
[39]	EKSTROM M P, DAHAN C, CHEN M Y, et al. Formation imaging with microelectrical scanning arrays[J]. The Log Analyst, 1987, 28: 294-306.
[40]	STEPHEN P. Recent developments in well logging and formation evaluation[J]. World Oil, 2012, 233(6): 25-25.
[41]	AWDAL A H, BRAATHEN A, WENNBERG O P, et al. The characteristics of fracture networks in the Shiranish Formation of the Bina Bawi Anticline: Comparison with the Taq Taq Field, Zagros, Kurdistan, NE Iraq[J]. Petroleum Geoscience, 2013, 19(2): 139-155. doi: 10.1144/petgeo2012-036
[42]	年涛, 王贵文, 范旭强, 等. 成像测井缝洞解释评价研究进展[J]. 地质论评, 2021, 67(2): 476-488. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP202102019.htm NIAN T, WANG G W, FAN X Q, et al. Advances in fracture and vug interpretation using microresistivity imaging logs[J]. Geological Review, 2021, 67(2): 476-488. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZLP202102019.htm
[43]	姚根顺, 伍贤柱, 孙赞东, 等. 中国陆上深层油气勘探开发关键技术现状及展望[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2017, 28(8): 1154-1164. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201708002.htm YAO G S, WU X Z, SUN Z D, et al. Status and prospects of exploration and exploitation key technologies of the deep oil & gas resources in onshore China[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2017, 28(8): 1154-1164. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-TDKX201708002.htm
[44]	赖锦, 王贵文, 孙思勉, 等. 致密砂岩储层裂缝测井识别评价方法研究进展[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2015, 30(4): 1712-1724. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ201504026.htm LAI J, WANG G W, SUN S M, et al. Research advances in logging recognition and evaluation method of fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2015, 30(4): 1712-1724. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQWJ201504026.htm
[45]	MOVAHED Z, JUNIN R, SAFARKHANLOU Z, et al. Formation evaluation in Dezful embayment of Iran using oil-based-mud imaging techniques[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2014, 121: 23-37. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2014.05.019
[46]	李多丽, 刘兴礼, 钟广法, 等. 塔中Ⅰ号坡折带礁滩型储集层沉积微相成像测井解释[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2009, 30(2): 197-200. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD200902018.htm LI D L, LIU X L, ZHONG G F, et al. Interpretation of imaging logs of sedimentary microfacies of reef-flat reservoir in Tazhong No. 1 slope break zone, Tarim Basin[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2009, 30(2): 197-200. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD200902018.htm
[47]	李宁, 肖承文, 伍丽红, 等. 复杂碳酸盐岩储层测井评价: 中国的创新与发展[J]. 测井技术, 2014, 38(1): 1-10. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJJS201401003.htm LI N, XIAO C W, WU L H, et al. The innovation and development of log evaluation for complex carbonate reservoir in China[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2014, 38(1): 1-10. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJJS201401003.htm
[48]	KHOSHBAKHT F, MEMARIAN H, MOHAMMADNIA M. Comparison of Asmari, Pabdeh and Gurpi Formation's fractures, derived from image log[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2009, 67(1/2): 65-74.
[49]	WILSON M E J, LEWIS D, YOGI O, et al. Development of a Papua New Guinean onshore carbonate reservoir: A comparative borehole image (FMI) and petrographic evaluation[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2013, 44: 164-195.
[50]	MOREAU J, JOUBERT J B. Glacial sedimentology interpretation from borehole image log: Example from the Late Ordovician deposits, Murzuq Basin (Libya)[J]. Interpretation, 2016, 4(2): B1-B16.
[51]	KEETON G I, PRANTER M J, COLE R D, et al. Stratigraphic architecture of fluvial deposits from borehole images, spectral-gamma-ray response, and outcrop analogs, Piceance Basin, Colorado[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2015, 99(10): 1929-1956.
[52]	XU C M. Interpreting shoreline sands using borehole images: A case study of the Cretaceous Ferron Sandstone Member in Utah[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2007, 91(9): 1319-1338.
[53]	尹寿鹏, 王贵文. 测井沉积学研究综述[J]. 地球科学进展, 1999, 14(5): 440-445. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ199905003.htm YIN S P, WANG G W. A summary of sedimentology from well logs[J]. Advance in Earth Sciences, 1999, 14(5): 440-445. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DXJZ199905003.htm
[54]	赖锦, 刘秉昌, 冯庆付, 等. 鄂尔多斯盆地靖边气田马家沟组五段白云岩沉积微相测井识别与评价[J]. 地质学报, 2020, 94(5): 1551-1567. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE202005014.htm LAI J, LIU B C, FENG Q F, et al. Well logging identification and evaluation of depositional microfacies in dolostones from the 5th Member of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Jingbian gas field, Ordos Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2020, 94(5): 1551-1567. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DZXE202005014.htm
[55]	耿会聚, 王贵文, 李军, 等. 成像测井图像解释模式及典型解释图版研究[J]. 江汉石油学院学报, 2002, 24(1): 26-29. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JHSX200201007.htm GENG H J, WANG G W, LI J, et al. Image interpretation modes and the typical interpretation chart for imaging well logging[J]. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute, 2002, 24(1): 26-29. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JHSX200201007.htm
[56]	XU C M, CRONIN T P, MCGINNESS T E, et al. Middle Atokan sediment gravity flows in the Red Oak field, Arkoma Basin, Oklahoma: A sedimentary analysis using electrical borehole images and wireline logs[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 93(1): 1-29.
[57]	NIAN T, JIANG Z X, WANG G W, et al. Characterization of braided river-delta facies in the Tarim Basin Lower Cretaceous: Application of borehole image logs with comparative outcrops and cores[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2018, 97: 1-23.
[58]	LAI J, LIU S C, XIN Y, et al. Geological-petrophysical insights in the deep Cambrian dolostone reservoirs in Tarim Basin, China[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2021, 105(11): 2263-2296.
[59]	BREKKE H, MACEACHERN J A, ROENITZ T, et al. The use of microresistivity image logs for facies interpretations: An example in point-bar deposits of the McMurray Formation, Alberta, Canada[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2017, 101(5): 655-682.
[60]	WILSON T H, SMITH V, BROWN A. Developing a model discrete fracture network, drilling, and enhanced oil recovery strategy in an unconventional naturally fractured reservoir using integrated field, image log, and three-dimensional seismic data[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2015, 99(4): 735-762.
[61]	XU J L, ZHANG B Y, QIN Y X, et al. Method for calculating the fracture porosity of tight-fracture reservoirs[J]. Geophysics, 2016, 81(4): IM57-IM70.
[62]	吴丰, 罗莹莹, 李昱翰, 等. 四川盆地公山庙油田大安寨段湖相灰岩: 页岩裂缝特征与测井识别[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(5): 55-67. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0230 WU F, LUO Y Y, LI Y H, et al. Fracture characteristics and logging identification of lacustrine limestone-shale reservoirs in Da'anzhai Member, Gongshanmiao oilfield, Sichuan Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(5): 55-67. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0230
[63]	PRIOUL R, DONALD A, KOEPSELL R, et al. Forward modeling of fracture-induced sonic anisotropy using a combination of borehole image and sonic logs[J]. Geophysics, 2007, 72(4): E135-E147.
[64]	AMEEN M S, MACPHERSON K, AL-MARHOON M I, et al. Diverse fracture properties and their impact on performance in conventional and tight-gas reservoirs, Saudi Arabia: The Unayzah, South Haradh case study[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2012, 96(3): 459-492.
[65]	李长海, 赵伦, 刘波, 等. 碳酸盐岩裂缝研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 地质科技通报, 2021, 40(4): 31-48. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0403 LI C H, ZHAO L, LIU B, et al. Research status and development trend of fractures in carbonate reservoir[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2021, 40(4): 31-48. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2021.0403
[66]	刘军, 龚伟, 黄超, 等. 塔里木盆地顺北5号走滑断裂带北段超深层裂缝储层的地震属性表征方法研究及应用[J]. 地质科技通报, 2022, 41(4): 1-11. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0112 LIU J, GONG W, HUANG C, et al. Seismic attribute characteristics of an ultradeep fractured- reservoir in the northern section of Shunbei No. 5 strike-slip fault zone in Tarim Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2022, 41(4): 1-11. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.2022.0112
[67]	ZOBACK M D, BARTON C A, BRUDY M, et al. Determination of stress orientation and magnitude in deep wells[J]. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 2003, 40(7/8): 1049-1076.
[68]	YELTSOV I N, NAZAROVA L A, NAZAROV L A, et al. Geomechanics and fluid flow effects on electric well logs: Multiphysics modeling[J]. Russian Geology and Geophysics, 2014, 55(5/6): 775-783.
[69]	赖锦, 白天宇, 肖露, 等. 地应力测井评价方法及其地质与工程意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 1033-1043. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT202304015.htm LAI J, BAI T Y, XIAO L, et al. Well-logging evaluation of in situ stress fields and its geological and engineering significances[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(4): 1033-1043. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYYT202304015.htm
[70]	李红斌, 王贵文, 王松, 等. 基于Kohonen神经网络的页岩油岩相测井识别方法: 以吉木萨尔凹陷二叠系芦草沟组为例[J]. 沉积学报, 2022, 40(3): 626-640. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB202203004.htm LI H B, WANG G W, WANG S, et al. Shale oil lithofacies identification by Kohonen neural network method: The case of the Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusaer Sag[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2022, 40(3): 626-640. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB202203004.htm
[71]	赖锦, 肖露, 赵鑫, 等. 深层-超深层优质碎屑岩储层成因与测井评价方法: 以库车坳陷白垩系巴什基奇克组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(4): 612-625. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB202304004.htm LAI J, XIAO L, ZHAO X, et al. Genesis and logging evaluation of deep to ultra-deep high-quality clastic reservoirs: A case study of the Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in Kuqa Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(4): 612-625. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYXB202304004.htm
[72]	MORRIS E A, HODGSON D M, FLINT S, et al. Integrating outcrop and subsurface data to assess the temporal evolution of a submarine channel-levee system[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2016, 100(11): 1663-1691.
[73]	高志勇, 周川闽, 冯佳睿, 等. 中新生代天山隆升及其南北盆地分异与沉积环境演化[J]. 沉积学报, 2016, 34(3): 415-435. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB201603001.htm GAO Z Y, ZHOU C M, FENG J R, et al. Relationship between the Tianshan Mountains uplift and depositional environment evolution of the basins in Mesozoic-Cenozoic[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2016, 34(3): 415-435. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJXB201603001.htm
[74]	MALIVA R G, CLAYTON E A, MISSIMER T M. Application of advanced borehole geophysical logging to managed aquifer recharge investigations[J]. Hydrogeology Journal, 2009, 17(6): 1547-1556.
[75]	白松涛, 郭笑锴, 曾静波, 等. 基于电成像测井的视地层水电阻率谱方法在低对比度储层评价中的应用[J]. 长江大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 13(26): 18-23. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJDL201626004.htm BAI S T, GUO X K, ZENG J B, et al. Application of evaluation method of low-contrast reservoir based on imaging apparent formation water resistivity spectrum in the evaluation of reservoirs with low contrast level[J]. Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition), 2016, 13(26): 18-23. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJDL201626004.htm
[76]	张帆, 高明, 陈国军, 等. 电成像孔隙度谱在砂砾岩有效储层识别的应用[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(2): 488-495. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXJS202202007.htm ZHANG F, GAO M, CHEN G J, et al. Application of electrical imaging logging porosity spectrum in identification of effective reservoir in sandy conglomeratic reservoirs[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(2): 488-495. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXJS202202007.htm
[77]	赖锦, 李红斌, 张梅, 等. 非常规油气时代测井地质学研究进展[J]. 古地理学报, 2023, 25(5): 1118-1138. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202305009.htm LAI J, LI H B, ZHANG M, et al. Advances in well logging geology in the era of unconventional hydrocarbon resources[J]. Journal of Palaeogeography (Chinese Edition), 2023, 25(5): 1118-1138. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDLX202305009.htm
[78]	KUMAR A, LARONGA R, KHERROUBI J, et al. Visualizingborehole images in a slabbed-core format[C]//Anon. EAGE Borehole Geology Workshop, October 12-15, 2014, Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2014.
[79]	BIZE E, TISI A, LARONGA R, et al. Virtual core: State-of-the-art wireline technologies to provide a viable substitute for whole conventional coring[C]//Anon. OTC Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, October 2015. [S. l. ]: [s. n. ], 2015: OTC-26206-MS.
[80]	MORELLI C, KODAIRA C, IRIE S. Maximize the value of image log data and core samples: How to utilize geological data?[C]//Anon. The 22nd Formation Evaluation Symposium of Japan, September 29-30. [S. l. ]: [s. n. ], 2016.
[81]	WANG S, WANG G W, HUANG L L, et al. Logging evaluation of lamina structure and reservoir quality in shale oil reservoir of Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag, China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2021, 133: 105299.
[82]	PANG X J, WANG G W, KUANG L C, et al. Prediction of multiscale laminae structure and reservoir quality in fine-grained sedimentary rocks: The Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimusar Sag, Junggar Basin[J]. Petroleum Science, 2022, 19(6): 2549-2571.
[83]	PANG X J, WANG G W, KUANG L C, et al. Lamellation fractures in shale oil reservoirs: Recognition, prediction and their influence on oil enrichment[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2023, 148: 106032.
[84]	李亚锋, 伍坤宇, 高树芳, 等. 英西地区混积碳酸盐岩有效储集层评价[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2019, 40(5): 520-527. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD201905003.htm LI Y F, WU K Y, GAO S F, et al. Evaluation of effective reservoirs in mixed carbonate rocks in Yingxi area[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2019, 40(5): 520-527. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XJSD201905003.htm
[85]	张审琴, 李亚锋, 郭正权, 等. 英西湖相碳酸盐岩储层测井解释新方法[J]. 测井技术, 2019, 43(6): 620-625. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJJS201906015.htm ZHANG S Q, LI Y F, GUO Z Q, et al. Innovative log interpretation methods for lacustrine carbonate reservoirs in Yingxi block[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2019, 43(6): 620-625. (in Chinese with English abstract) https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJJS201906015.htm