塔里木盆地富满地区吐木休克组烃源岩有机地球化学特征及其油气勘探意义

杨海军; 蔡振忠; 李勇; 杨宪彰; 张银涛; 张艳秋; 孙冲; 康鹏飞; 张海祖; 赵星星

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220705

塔里木盆地富满地区吐木休克组烃源岩有机地球化学特征及其油气勘探意义

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220705

杨海军^{1, 2, 3,},
蔡振忠^{1, 2, 3},
李勇^{1, 2, 3},
杨宪彰^{1, 2, 3},
张银涛^{1, 2, 3},
张艳秋^{1, 2, 3, ,},
孙冲^{1, 2, 3},
康鹏飞¹,
张海祖^{1, 2, 3},
赵星星¹

1.
塔里木油田公司研发中心, 新疆库尔勒 841000
2.
中国石油天然气集团有限公司超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心, 新疆库尔勒 841000
3.
新疆超深油气重点实验室, 新疆库尔勒 841000

基金项目:

中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目"多尺度缝洞型油藏储层静态刻画及动态描述技术研究" 2021DJ1501

详细信息

作者简介:
杨海军, E-mail: yanghaij-tlm@petrochina.com.cn

通讯作者:
张艳秋, E-mail: zhangyanq-tlm@petrochina.com.cn

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 319
- PDF下载量: 101
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-22
- 录用日期: 2023-04-12
- 修回日期: 2023-04-10

Organic geochemical characters of source rock and significance for exploration of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area, Tarim Basin

YANG Haijun^{1, 2, 3
,},
CAI Zhenzhong^{1, 2, 3},
LI Yong^{1, 2, 3},
YANG Xianzhang^{1, 2, 3},
ZHANG Yintao^{1, 2, 3},
ZHANG Yanqiu^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
SUN Chong^{1, 2, 3},
KANG Pengfei¹,
ZHANG Haizu^{1, 2, 3},
ZHAO Xingxing¹

1.
R&D Center for Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China
2.
R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, CNPC, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China
3.
Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-deep Oil and Gas, Korla Xinjiang 841000, China

More Information

Author Bio:
YANG Haijun, E-mail: yanghaij-tlm@petrochina.com.cn

Corresponding author: ZHANG Yanqiu, E-mail: zhangyanq-tlm@petrochina.com.cn

摘要

摘要:
塔里木盆地富满地区吐木休克组烃源岩作为近期勘探新发现的烃源岩层, 具有良好的油气勘探前景, 因此亟需对其进一步开展烃源岩地球化学评价, 以便更好地指导勘探。通过总有机碳含量、岩石热解测定以及饱和烃、芳烃色谱-质谱(GC-MS)等分析方法对富满地区吐木休克组黑色泥岩及灰色泥岩岩屑样品进行了定性和定量表征。研究结果表明, 吐木休克组烃源岩有机质丰度高, 均值为3.4%, 氢指数(HI)最高可达到590 mg/g, 干酪根类型以Ⅱ型干酪根为主, 为一套好-极好的优质烃源岩。从分子地球化学特征来看, 烃源岩形成于弱还原偏咸水的海相沉积环境中, 以低等水生藻类作为主要成烃生物。基于热解峰温T_max及饱和烃生物标志化合物和芳香烃热成熟度参数, 吐木休克组烃源岩总体处于低成熟-中等成熟阶段, 具有良好的生烃潜力。富满地区东南部区域作为环满坳陷西部斜坡区, 可能分布有更厚、更优的吐木休克组烃源岩, 且烃源岩可能已达到更高的热演化程度, 其对奥陶系油气资源的贡献不可忽视。
- 塔里木盆地 /
- 富满地区 /
- 吐木休克组 /
- 烃源岩 /
- 有机地球化学
Abstract: Objective
As a newly discovered source rock in the Fuman area of the Tarim Basin, the source rock of the Tumuxiuke Formation has good petroleum exploration prospects, and the geochemical evaluation of the source rock is conducive to guiding exploration.
Methods
The qualitative and quantitative characterization of drill cuttings from the Tumuxiuke Formation in the Fuman area was carried out by means of total organic carbon (TOC) content, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and GC-MS analysis of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Results
The results show that the source rock of the Tumuxiuke Formation is a good to excellentsource rock, with an average TOC content of 3.4%. The highest hydrogen index (HI) is 590 mg/g, and the kerogen type is mainly type Ⅱ. According to the molecular geochemical characteristics, the source rock was formed in a marine sedimentary environment with weakly reducing brackish water, with aquatic algae as the primary hydrocarbon-generating organisms.Based on the peak temperature (T_max) of Rock-Eval, saturated hydrocarbon biomarker compounds, and aromatic hydrocarbon thermal maturity parameters, the source rock of the Tumuxiuke Formation is generally in the mature-medium mature evolution stage and has good hydrocarbon generation potential.
Conclusion
As the sedimentary center of the Huanman Depression, the southern Fuman area may have thicker and higher-quality Tumuxiuke source rock with a greater degree of thermal evolution, whose contribution to the oil and gas resources in the Ordovician cannot be ignored.
- Tarim Basin /
- Fuman area /
- Tumuxiuke Formation /
- source rock /
- organic geochemistry
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 塔里木盆地中部构造单元图(a)与地层综合柱状图(b)

Figure 1. Structural unit map (a) and stratigraphic column (b) of central Tarim Basin

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图 2 富满地区吐木休克组岩屑热解外源烃判别散点图

Figure 2. Scatter diagram of exogenous hydrocarbon discrimination of Rock-Eval data of drill cutting samples from the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 3 富满地区吐木休克组岩屑有机质丰度评价

Figure 3. Abundance evaluation of organic matter of drill cutting samples from the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 4 富满地区吐木休克组岩屑样品HI与T_max的关系(R_o为镜质体反射率；Ⅰ~Ⅲ均为干酪根类型，下同)

Figure 4. Relationship between HI and T_max of drill cutting samples from the Tomuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 5 富满地区吐木休克组岩屑样品(S₁+S₂)与T_max的关系

Figure 5. Relationship between S₁+S₂ and T_max of drill cutting samples from the Tomuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 6 富满地区吐木休克组(O₃t)MS72井黑色泥岩样品饱和烃质荷比m/z=85、m/z=191和m/z=217谱图特征

Figure 6. Chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbon m/z 85, m/z 191 and m/z 217 of black mudstone from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 7 富满地区吐木休克组MS72井黑色泥岩样品Pr/Ph与w(TOC)的关系

Figure 7. Relationship between Pr/Ph and TOC content of black mudstone samples from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 8 富满地区吐木休克组MS72井黑色泥岩样品γ/C₃₁H与Pr/Ph的关系

Figure 8. Relationship between γ/C₃₁H and Pr/Ph of black mudstone samples from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 9 富满地区吐木休克组MS72井黑色泥岩样品DBT/P与Pr/Ph的关系

Figure 9. Relationship between DBT/P and Pr/Ph of black mudstone samples from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 10 富满地区吐木休克组MS72井黑色泥岩样品Pr/nC₁₇与Ph/nC₁₈的关系

Figure 10. Relationship between Pr/nC₁₇ and Ph/nC₁₈ of black mudstone samples from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 11 富满地区吐木休克组MS72井黑色泥岩样品规则甾烷质量分数分布三角图

Figure 11. Triangle diagram of relative content distribution of regular sterane in black mudstone from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 12 富满地区吐木休克组MS72井黑色泥岩样品甾烷异构化参数关系图

Figure 12. Relationship diagram of sterane isomerization parameters of black mudstone from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman Area

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图 13 富满地区吐木休克组MS72井黑色泥岩样品F₁和F₂关系图

Figure 13. Relationship between F₁ and F₂ of black mudstone samples from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 14 富满地区吐木休克组(O₃t)MS72井黑色泥岩样品饱和烃总离子流图(TIC)、m/z=191和m/z=177谱图特征

Figure 14. Chromatogram of saturated hydrocarbon RIC, m/z 191 and m/z 217 of black mudstone from Well MS72 of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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图 15 富满地区吐木休克组沉积前古岩溶地貌图

Figure 15. Paleokarst geomorphological map before deposition of the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

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表 1 富满地区吐木休克组(O₃t)岩屑样品TOC和热解数据

Table 1. TOC and Rock-Eval data of drill cutting samples from the Tumuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

井号	深度/m	层位	岩性	w(TOC)/%	T_max/℃	S₁/ (mg·g^-1)	S₂/ (mg·g^-1)	PI	HI/ (mg·g^-1)	S_o/ (mg·g^-1)	是否外源烃影响
FY204	7 147	O₃t	黑色泥岩	2.91	446	1.47	9.71	0.13	334	50.52	无
FY206H	7 097	O₃t	黑色泥岩	4.58	446	1.37	15.95	0.08	348	29.91	无
FY208	7 358	O₃t	黑色泥岩	5.01	454	2.39	19.07	0.11	381	47.70	无
FY208	7 361	O₃t	黑色泥岩	3.63	444	2.82	17.29	0.14	476	77.69	无
FY210-H4	7 409	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.37	435	0.14	0.27	0.34	73	37.84	有
FY210-H4	7 427	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.34	418	0.20	0.20	0.50	59	58.82	有
FY210-H4	7 438	O₃t	灰色含泥灰岩	0.49	417	0.10	0.26	0.28	53	20.41	有
FY210-H4	7 440	O₃t	黑色泥岩	4.27	432	0.97	1.05	0.48	250	22.72	有
LC2	7 311	O₃t	黑色泥岩	3.32	445	1.65	14.24	0.10	429	49.70	无
LC4	7 308	O₃t	黑色泥岩	1.77	441	1.24	10.50	0.11	593	70.06	无
MS2	7 415	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.55	436	0.13	0.85	0.13	155	23.64	有
MS2	7 446	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	0.37	419	0.13	0.58	0.18	157	35.14	有
MS2	7 454	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	0.21	428	0.11	0.57	0.16	271	52.38	有
MS3	7 513	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.62	438	0.15	0.48	0.24	77	24.19	有
MS3	7 535	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	0.29	412	0.10	0.27	0.27	93	34.48	有
MS4	7 453	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.35	418	0.15	0.39	0.28	111	42.86	有
MS4	7 548	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	0.69	413	0.33	0.66	0.33	96	47.83	有
MS4	7 557	O₃t	灰色泥质灰岩	0.42	421	0.29	0.48	0.38	114	69.05	有
MS5-H6	7 614	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.17	443	0.12	0.18	0.40	106	70.59	有
MS5-H6	7 633	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.14	417	0.13	0.27	0.33	193	92.86	有
MS5-H6	7 639	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.08	423	0.13	0.19	0.41	238	162.52	有
MS7	7 809	O₃t	黑色泥岩	5.95	449	1.87	7.76	0.19	130	31.43	无
MS7	7 810	O₃t	黑色泥岩	5.6	443	1.36	7.13	0.16	127	24.29	无
MS7	7 811	O₃t	黑色泥岩	2.78	460	0.95	3.68	0.21	132	34.17	无
MS72	7 646	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.51	417	0.17	0.45	0.27	89	34	有
MS72	7 647	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.47	419	0.17	0.44	0.28	94	36	有
MS72	7 648	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.56	430	0.21	0.46	0.31	82	37	有
MS72	7 649	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.98	407	0.14	0.98	0.13	100	14.29	有
MS72	7 650	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.75	433	0.35	0.35	0.70	93	47	有
MS72	7 651	O₃t	黑色泥岩	3.82	450	1.62	4.58	0.26	120	42.41	无
MS72	7 652	O₃t	黑色泥岩	4.64	445	1.39	5.39	0.21	116	29.96	无
MS72	7 653	O₃t	黑色泥岩	4.41	448	1.78	5.01	0.26	114	40.36	无
MS72	7 654	O₃t	黑色泥岩	2.56	435	1.51	3.10	0.33	121	14.97	有
MS72	7 656	O₃t	黑色泥岩	1.57	437	0.88	2.37	0.27	151	17.24	无
MS72	7 657	O₃t	黑色泥岩	1.61	443	0.96	2.91	0.25	180	19.91	无
MS72	7 658	O₃t	黑色泥岩	1.44	441	0.89	2.46	0.27	170	19.26	无
MS72	7 659	O₃t	黑色泥岩	0.84	439	0.41	1.10	0.27	131	14.93	无
MS72	7 660	O₃t	黑色泥岩	1.40	432	0.76	1.70	0.31	122	14.62	有
MS72	7 661	O₃t	黑色泥岩	0.60	420	0.32	0.61	0.34	102	12.97	有
MS72	7 662	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	1.06	425	0.48	1.36	0.25	128	45	有
MS72	7 663	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	0.56	420	0.28	0.53	0.35	94	50	有
MS501H	7 555	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.43	428	0.15	0.38	0.28	88	34.88	有
MS501H	7 598	O₃t	褐色泥岩	0.16	402	0.09	0.15	0.38	94	56.25	有
MS501H	7 610	O₃t	黑色泥岩	5.48	450	1.64	8.24	0.17	150	29.93	无
MS501H	7 611	O₃t	黑色泥岩	5.67	452	1.39	6.16	0.18	109	24.51	无
MS502H	7 561	O₃t	褐色泥岩	0.10	427	0.11	0.19	0.37	190	110.00	有
GL202H	7 424	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.50	415	0.30	0.55	0.35	110	60.00	有
GL202H	7 451	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	0.20	421	0.31	0.59	0.34	295	155.00	有
GL301H	7 607	O₃t	灰色泥岩	3.02	440	27.00	4.44	0.86	147	894.04	有
GL301H	7 608	O₃t	灰色泥岩	5.16	435	30.04	7.04	0.88	136	969.77	有
GL305H	7 635	O₃t	灰色泥岩	0.81	423	1.69	0.89	0.66	110	208.64	有
GL305H	7 665	O₃t	褐色泥岩	0.30	436	0.26	0.82	0.24	273	86.67	有
YM5-4X	7 339	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	0.01	437	0.24	0.36	0.40	360	2 400.00	有
YM23	7 445	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	2.99	446	0.92	13.34	0.06	446	30.77	无
YM25	7 511	O₃t	灰色泥岩	3.31	447	1.89	9.87	0.16	298	57.10	无
YM25-H1	7 533	O₃t	灰色灰质泥岩	1.67	438	0.54	2.10	0.20	126	32.34	无
YM25-H1	7 537	O₃t	灰色泥岩	1.85	447	1.13	5.88	0.16	318	61.08	无
YM25-H1	7 542	O₃t	灰色泥岩	3.23	448	1.45	8.84	0.14	274	44.89	无
YM801	7 298	O₃t	色泥质灰岩	0.25	426	0.17	0.36	0.32	144	68.00	有
注：w(TOC)=[0.83×(S₀+S₁+S₂)+S₄]/10；PI为生产指数，且PI=(S₀+S₁)/(S₀+S₁+S₂)；HI为氢指数，且HI=S₂/w(TOC)×100%；S_o=S₁/w(TOC)；T_max.最大热解峰温；S_o为油饱和度指数；S₀为气态烃；S₁为游离烃；S₂为热解烃；S₄为有机二氧化碳；下同

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表 2 富满地区吐木休克组MS72井泥岩抽提物生物标志化合物参数

Table 2. Biomarker compound parameters of mudstone extracts from Well MS72 of the Tomuxiuke Formation in Fuman area

序号	深度/ m	Pr/ Ph	Pr/ nC₁₇	Ph/ nC₁₈	nC₂₁⁺/ nC₂₂⁺	(nC₂₁+nC₂₂)/ (nC₂₈+nC₂₉)	(C₂₈+C₂₉)TT/ (C₁₉+C₂₀)TT	C₃₁H- R/C₃₀H	γ/ C₃₁H	C₂₇S/ %	C₂₈S/ %	C₂₉S/ %	ααα20R C₂₇S/C₂₉S	C₂₉S20S/ (20S+20R)	C₂₉Sαββ/ (ααα+αββ)	C₂₄Tet/ C₂₆TT
1	7 651	0.78	0.14	0.20	5.79	6.01	0.52	0.28	0.97	2.80	41.42	55.78	0.05	0.02	0.64	0.61
2	7 652	0.82	0.12	0.17	4.51	5.13	0.69	0.28	0.79	32.76	26.51	40.73	0.80	0.43	0.51	0.87
3	7 653	0.80	0.13	0.17	4.10	5.76	0.71	0.22	1.24	43.84	24.75	31.40	1.40	0.40	0.46	0.57
4	7 654	0.99	0.15	0.17	4.60	4.92	0.45	0.27	0.97	44.12	24.04	31.84	1.39	0.41	0.48	2.55
5	7 656	0.87	0.16	0.19	3.58	4.42	0.81	0.27	0.89	32.59	29.89	37.52	0.87	0.39	0.47	0.67
6	7 657	0.85	0.17	0.20	3.05	3.94	0.88	0.29	0.83	48.30	23.56	28.13	1.72	0.41	0.49	0.46
注：Pr. 姥姣烷；Ph. 植烷；γ. 伽马蜡烷；TT. 三环萜烷；Tet. 四环萜烷；H. 藿烷；S. 甾烷; R. C₃₁H的构型，下同

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表 3 富满地区吐木休克组黑色泥岩芳烃参数

Table 3. Aromatic parameters of the black mudstone of the Tumushuk Formation in the Fuman area

序号	N	P	联苯	屈	萤蒽	芘	∑NPI	MPI₁	MPI₂	R_c/%	F₁	F₂
序号	w_B/%						∑NPI	MPI₁	MPI₂	R_c/%	F₁	F₂
1	21.63	42.46	10.90	2.42	2.59	6.13	0.51	0.29	0.19	0.57	0.52	0.27
2	35.65	31.01	15.73	1.57	1.84	4.35	1.15	0.26	0.16	0.55	0.52	0.27
3	34.74	35.13	11.44	1.35	2.49	5.81	0.99	0.27	0.17	0.56	0.52	0.27
4	38.21	33.13	10.61	1.45	2.17	5.02	1.15	0.27	0.17	0.56	0.53	0.27
5	29.76	39.59	10.72	1.75	2.55	6.09	0.75	0.27	0.17	0.56	0.53	0.28
6	24.88	43.86	9.27	2.21	2.98	7.00	0.57	0.28	0.18	0.57	0.53	0.27
注：N. 萘；P. 菲；∑NPI=∑N/∑P；MPI₁=1.5(2-MP+3-MP)/(P+1-MP+9-MP)；MPI₂=3×(2-MP)/(P+1-MP+9-MP)；R_c= 0.6×MPI₁+0.4; F₁=(2-MP+3-MP)/(2-MP+3-MP+1-MP+9-MP); F₂=2-MP/(2-MP+3-MP+1-MP+9-MP)；R_c.等效镜质体反射率；MP.甲基菲；MPI₁和MPI₂. 甲基菲指数; 1-MP.1-甲基菲; 2-MP.2-甲基菲; 3-MP.3-甲基菲; 9-MP.9-甲基菲，下同

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