Role of the large-scale strike-slip transform zone in controlling the differential hydrocarbon distribution: A case of the Côte d'Ivoire Basin in West Africa
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摘要:
科特迪瓦盆地位于西非赤道段, 发育大型走滑转换带, 为典型的转换型被动陆缘盆地, 是当前油气勘探热点区域, 勘探潜力巨大, 但油气平面分布、纵向富集均存在较大的差异性。基于前人研究, 利用井、震资料并结合近年来新发现油气藏数据, 重点从构造和沉积2个方面阐述了走滑转换带对油气分布差异性的控制作用。研究表明, 盆地经历了陆内裂谷、洋陆转换和被动陆缘3个主要的构造-沉积演化阶段, 形成了总体上"西窄东宽"的斧型构造格局特征, 西部为陡窄转换边缘, 东部为宽缓离散边缘, 中部为过渡边缘, 宏观上控制了油气"西少东多"的分布规律。走滑转换作用应力主要响应区为中部过渡边缘, 中部隆起马尾带发育大量的构造圈闭, 具有南北双向供烃特征, 控制了北部凸起阿尔比构造油气藏的形成与分布。走滑转换作用形成的古地貌对转换早期上阿尔比-森诺曼和转换晚期土伦阶储层的空间展布特征均有重要的控制作用, 内斜坡洼陷(盆地)往往是最为有利的富砂处, 同时也是最有利的地层-岩性圈闭发育区, 油气分布与沉积体系展布具有较好的一致性, 即转换控储, 分布控藏。
Abstract:Objective The Côte d'Ivoire Basin, which is located in the equatorial section of West Africa and features large-scale strike-slip transform zones, is a typical transformed passive continental margin basin. This area is currently a hot spot for oil and gas exploration and has great exploration potential but has an uneven distribution of hydrocarbons both horizontally and vertically.
Methods Based on previous results, well data, seismic data and new discoveries, this paper focuses on the differential controls of hydrocarbon distribution from two perspectives: structure and sedimentation.
Results The results show that the basin has experienced three main tectonic-sedimentary evolution stages, namely, intracontinental rift, ocean-continent transition, and passive margin, forming the "narrow west-wide east" axe structure. The basin has a narrow and steep transform margin in the west, a wide and gentle divergent margin in the east, and a transitional margin in the central region, which controls the overall oil and gas distribution of "less in the west and more in the east" in macro-scale. The main response area of the strike-slip transformation stress in the central transitional margin and the central uplift developed many structural traps, which were sourced from both the northern and southern depression and ultimately controlled the distribution of the Albian oil and gas reservoirs.
Conclusion The palaeomorphology formed by the strike-slip transform zone plays an important role in controlling the spatial distribution of both the Upper Albian-Cenomanian reservoirs in the early stage and the Turonian reservoirs in the late stage. The stepped or intra-slope ponds on slopes formed by strike-slip transform zone are often the most favourable sand-rich places and benefit stratigraphic-lithologic traps. Additionally, the distribution of oil and gas reservoirs has good consistency with the distribution of sedimentary systems; that is, the transformation controls the reservoirs, and the distribution controls the oil and gas reservoirs.
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图 4 科特迪瓦盆地边缘演化地质剖面示意图(左.转换边缘; 右.离散边缘,据文献[25]修改)
Figure 4. Evolution profile at margin of the Côte d′ Ivoire Basin
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