Gas accumulation model of dolostones reservoirs beneath non-permeable layers controlled by faults: A case study of the middle-lower assemblage of Majiagou Formation in the Daniudi gas field
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摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地奥陶系马家沟组白云岩作为重要的战略接替区是近年来的研究热点, 有关断裂对该套白云岩中油气聚集的影响研究较少, 成藏模式不明确阻碍了中下组合进一步勘探开发。以鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地气田马家沟组中下组合为例, 通过岩心、薄片、测井、流体包裹体等资料, 研究了盐下白云岩的储层分布和圈闭类型, 探讨了断裂对含气性的控制作用, 揭示了多期断裂活动与天然气充注期的耦合关系, 建立了中下组合断控混源气藏成藏模式。研究结果表明: (1)马家沟组中组合天然气成藏具有上、下古生界双源供烃的优势, 发育2套烃源岩夹中部储层的"三明治式"成藏组合; 下组合气源以下古生界内部烃源岩供烃为主, 发育自生自储的成藏组合。(2)研究区沿断裂分布的岩溶储层是中下组合最主要的储层类型; 圈闭类型包括低幅构造圈闭和成岩圈闭, 成岩圈闭主要受控于储层发育机理, 是研究区主要的圈闭类型。(3)马家沟组经历了3期主要的断裂活动, 分别形成于加里东期、印支期、燕山期-喜山期, 燕山中期形成的断裂与裂缝的有效性最强, 有利于天然气充注。(4)成岩圈闭、多期活动断裂和储层类型三元控制了马家沟组中下组合白云岩的天然气成藏过程, 从而构建了断控混源气藏的成藏模式。本研究能够为相似地质背景下断裂发育区盐下白云岩气藏的勘探提供理论依据。
Abstract:Objective The dolomite of the Ordovician Majiagou Formation in the Ordos Basin, an important strategic replacement area, has been a research hotspot in recent years. There are few studies on the influence of faults on hydrocarbon accumulation in this set of dolomites. An unclear accumulation model has hindered further exploration and development of the middle and lower strata.
Methods Using the middle and lower assemblages of the Majiagou Formation in the Daniudi Gas Field in the Ordos Basin as a case study, this paper comprehensively analyzes the reservoir distribution and trap types of presalt dolomite using data such as cores, thin sections, well logs, and fluid inclusions. The study analyzes the controlling effect of faults on gas-bearing properties. And the coupling relationship between multiphase fault activities and natural gas charging periods is clarified by establishing a fault-controlled mixed-source gas accumulation model with middle and lower combinations.
Results The findings indicate show that (1) the natural gas accumulation in the middle assemblage of the Majiagou Formation has the advantage of dual-source hydrocarbon supply in the Upper and Lower Palaeozoic, forming a "sandwich" accumulation with two sets of source rocks flanking the middle reservoir. The gas source of the combination is mainly hydrocarbon supply from the source rocks in the lower Palaeozoic, and the accumulation combination of self-generation and self-storage is developed. (2) Karst reservoirs distributed along faults in the study area are the most important reservoir types in the middle and lower assemblages; trap types, including low-amplitude structural traps and diagenetic circle diagenetic traps, are mainly controlled by reservoir development mechanisms and are the main trap types in the study area. (3) The Majiagou Formation experienced three main periods of fault activity: the Caledonian, Indosinian, and Yanshanian-Hishanian periods. The faults and fissures that formed during the early Yanshan Movement were the most effective and were favourable for natural gas charging. (4) Diagenetic traps, multistage active faults and reservoir types controlled the natural gas accumulation process of the dolomite in the middle and lower Majiagou Formation, thus establishing a fault-controlled mixed-source gas accumulation model.
Conclusion This study provides a theoretical framework for exploring subsalt dolomite gas reservoirs in fault-prone areas with similar geological conditions.
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图 1 研究区构造区划(a)及断裂分布(b)与马家沟组中下组合地层柱状图(c) (据文献[22]修改)
Figure 1. Structural zoning(a) and fault distribution(b) locations in the study area and stratigraphic column of the middle-lower assemblages of the Majiagou Formation(c)
图 2 大牛地气田下古生界中下组合生、储、盖组合特征
Figure 2. Characteristics of the source, reservoir and caprock assemblage of the middle-lower assemblages of Lower Paleozoic in the Daniudi gas field
图 3 过小壕a井地震剖面上断裂分布特征(小壕a井位置见图 1b)
Figure 3. Distribution characteristics of faults in the seismic section of Xiaohao Well a
图 4 研究区裂缝特征
a.小壕a井，马三段，高角度剪切裂缝；b.Pgbg井，马五5亚段，2条成组系高角度剪切缝，2条方解石充填剪切缝，见“切割关系”；c.小壕a井，马四段，雁列缝；d.Da-eff井，马五5亚段，镜面擦痕
Figure 4. Fracture characteristics in the study area
图 5 不同倾角构造裂缝有效性分布直方图
Figure 5. Histogram of the effective distribution of structural fractures with different dip angles
图 6 大牛地地区致密灰岩及岩溶水渗滤带样品
a.Ddh井，3 026.26 m，马五5亚段，致密灰岩；b.DKac-FPh井，3 031.35 m，马五6亚段，致密灰岩；c.Da-eff井，3 117.16 m，马五9段，溶洞；d.石cob井，2 883.71 m，马五6亚段，溶洞
Figure 6. Tight limestone and karst water vadose zone core in the Daniudi area
图 7 大牛地地区马家沟组Da-edd井-Daog井气藏剖面(位置见图 1b, 下同)
Figure 7. Gas reservoir profile from the Da-edd well to the Daog well of the Majiagou Formation in the Daniudi area
图 8 马家沟组中下组合有效圈闭分布图
a.中组合马五6亚段有效圈闭分布图；b.下组合马四段有效圈闭分布图
Figure 8. Effective trap distribution diagram of the middle-lower assemblage of the Majiagou Formation
图 9 断裂发育的程度对岩溶储层的影响
Figure 9. Influence of the degree of fault development on karst reservoirs
图 10 DKac-FPh-石b-石a-Dabf-Dhh井岩溶储层连井剖面图
Figure 10. Cross-sectional of karst reservoirs in wells DKac-FPh-Shi b-Shi a-Dabf-Dhh
图 11 不同规模断裂对高产井控制范围统计图
Figure 11. Statistical diagram of the control range of basement faults on high-yield wells
图 12 大牛地中下组合成像测井裂缝走向及有效性特征图
Figure 12. Fractures strike and effectiveness characteristics from imaging log in the middle-lower assemblage of the Daniudi area
图 13 大牛地气田中下组合碳酸盐岩裂缝脉体或溶缝内包裹体均一温度分布直方图
Figure 13. Histogram of homogeneous temperature distribution of carbonate fractured veins or inclusions in dissolved fractures in the middle-lower assemblage of the Daniudi gas field
图 14 马家沟组地层埋藏史图(据文献[49]修改)
∈.寒武纪；O.奥陶纪；S.志留纪；D.泥盆纪；C.石炭纪；P.二叠纪；T.三叠纪；E+N.古近纪+新近纪；K.白垩系; J.侏罗系; T3y.延长组; T2z.纸坊组; T1h.和尚沟组; T1l.刘家沟组; P2sh.上石河子组; P1s.山西组; O1m1-5.马家沟组马一至马五段; Ro.镜质体反射率
Figure 14. Burial history map of the Majiagou Formation
图 15 大牛地气田马家沟组中组合及下组合成藏模式图
Figure 15. Accumulation model of the middle-lower assemblage of the Majiagou Formation in the Daniudi gas field
表 1 研究区马家沟组中下组合盐水包裹体均一温度
Table 1. Homogenous temperature of brine inclusions in the middle-lower assemblages of the Majiagou Formation in the study area
井号 层位 深度/m 均一温度/℃ 井号 层位 深度/m 均一温度/℃ 石a 马四段 3 116.57 147.0 石a 马四段 3 116.57 141.0 石a 马四段 3 116.57 155.0 石a 马四段 3 116.57 164.0 石a 马四段 3 116.57 146.0 小壕a 马四段 3 139.95 97.7 小壕a 马四段 3 139.95 94.6 小壕a 马四段 3 139.95 92.5 小壕a 马四段 3 146.30 109.0 小壕a 马四段 3 146.30 103.0 小壕a 马四段 3 146.30 100.0 小壕a 马四段 3 148.63 103.0 小壕a 马四段 3 148.63 100.0 小壕a 马四段 3 148.63 112.0 小壕a 马四段 3 148.63 118.0 小壕a 马四段 3 148.63 116.0 小壕a 马四段 3 173.41 117.0 小壕a 马四段 3 173.41 110.0 小壕a 马四段 3 173.41 108.0 小壕a 马四段 3 173.41 113.0 小壕a 马四段 3 173.41 120.0 小壕a 马三段 3 409.51 116.0 小壕a 马三段 3 409.51 112.0 小壕a 马三段 3 409.51 108.0 小壕a 马三段 3 409.51 119.0 小壕a 马三段 3 409.51 112.0 Daac 马五5亚段 2 927.50 90.2 Daac 马五5亚段 2 927.30 126.7 Daac 马五5亚段 2 927.30 111.1 Daac 马五5亚段 2 937.36 112.1 Daac 马五5亚段 2 937.36 102.1 Daac 马五5亚段 2 937.36 100.3 Daac 马五5亚段 2 937.36 99.3 Daac 马五5亚段 2 937.36 103.2 Daac 马五5亚段 2 937.36 113.5 Daac 马五5亚段 2 937.36 124.9 Dcg 马二段 3 376.54 126.1 Dcg 马二段 3 376.54 112.3 Dcg 马二段 3 376.54 111.6 
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