Characteristics and accumulation mode of volcanic rock reservoir of the Fengcheng Formation in the southern of Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin
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摘要:
为明确玛南斜坡区风二段顶部薄层风化壳火山岩油藏油气富集规律及主控因素, 对研究区火山岩特征、油藏特征和油气富集特征进行了综合分析, 建立了斜坡区火山岩的油气聚集模式。研究表明, 玛湖凹陷南部风二段主要发育玄武岩和凝灰岩, 其中火山溢流相的玄武岩发育较高渗透性的储集层, 油气最为富集。原油整体属于中-高黏度、轻质-中质含蜡原油, 其C20、C21、C23三环萜烷分布呈山峰型, 三环萜烷相对含量明显较高。原地烃源岩与原油相比, 其三环萜烷分布呈上升型, 生物标志化合物成熟度参数也显示出更低成熟度的特征, 结合研究区原油碳同位素特征与风城组烃源岩一致的研究结果, 认为研究区油藏受到多期的油气充注。研究区火山岩的垂向与横向非均质强, 原油密度随深度增加而降低, 认为油气主要沿火山岩之下的渗透性地层由低部位向高部位运移, 在浮力作用下向上进入火山岩储集层中, 并在储层物性相对较好, 且保存条件良好的构造圈闭或岩性圈闭中聚集成藏, 为典型的"斜坡区构造-岩性-多期火山岩油气藏成藏模式"。
Abstract:Objective To clarify the oil and gas accumulation patterns and main controlling factors of the thin weathered crust volcanic rock reservoir at the top of Member 2 of the Fengcheng Formation in the southern Mahu Sag(Manan Sag).
Methods This paper provides a comprehensively analyses of the volcanic rock characteristics, reservoir properties, and oil and gas geological features. Furthmore, an oil and gas accumulation model for volcanic rocks in the slope area is established.
Results Research has shown that Member 2 of the Fengcheng Formation in the southern Mahu Sag is mainly composed of basalt and tuff. The basalt with the volcanic overflow phase developed high-permeability reservoirs abundant in oil and gas. Overall, the crude oil is medium-high viscosity and light-medium waxy. Its distribution pattern of C20, C21, and C23 tricyclic terpanes resembles a mountain peak, showing a significantly higher relative content of tricyclic terpanes. In contrast to crude oil, the distribution of tricyclic terpanes in in-situ source rocks demonstrates an upward pattern, with maturity parameters of biomarkers also displaying lower maturity characteristics. Based on the consistent research results of the carbon isotope characteristics of crude oil in the study area and in the Fengcheng Formation source rocks, it is infered that the oil reservoir in the study area has undergone multistage oil and gas charging.
Conclusion The volcanic rocks in the study area exhibit strong vertical and horizontal heterogeneities, with crude oil density decreasing with depth. It is believed that oil and gas mainly migrate from low to high parts along permeable strata below volcanic rocks and enter volcanic rock reservoirs under buoyancy. They accumulate reservoirs in structures or lithological traps with relatively good reservoir properties and preservation conditions. This is a typical slope area-structure lithology-multistage volcanic rock oil and gas reservoir formation model.
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Key words:
- volcanic rock /
- accumulation mode /
- Fengcheng Formaiton /
- the southern of Mahu Sag /
- Junggar Basin
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图 10 玛南地区原油与烃源岩生物标志化合物成熟度参数对比图(据文献[38]修改)
Figure 10. Comparison of the maturity parameters of biomarker between crude oil and source rocks in the Manan area
图 13 玛南地区风城组火山岩油藏聚集模式图(地层代号同图 1)
Figure 13. Accumulation model of volcanic rock reservoir in the Fengcheng Formation, Manan area
表 1 玛南地区风二段、风三段火山岩油层试油结果数据
Table 1. Oil testing results of Member 2 and Member 3 of the Fengcheng Formation volcanic rocks in the Manan area
井号 深度段/m 层位 岩性 日产油/t 日产气/104 m3 日产水/m3 试油结论 克201 4 143~4 158 P1f2 玄武岩 19.80 0.202 — 油层 克204 4 371~4 388 P1f2 50.80 0.611 — 油层 克204 4 323~4 334 P1f3 2.65 — 12.83 含油水层 克205 4 465~4 477 P1f2 0.40 — — 含油层 克206 4 610~4 626.5 P1f2 — — 28.15 水层 克80 4 378~4 392 P1f2 67.17 0.960 51.87 油水同层 克811 3 718~3 730 P1f2 6.40 — 9.79 油水同层 玛湖16 4 424~4 437 P1f2 10.70 — 27.50 油水同层 玛湖5 4 272~4 296 P1f2 13.36 — — 油层 金龙51 4 442~4 454 P1f2 21.54 — — 油层 白261 3 032~3 044 P1f2 凝灰岩 5.74 — 33.10 油水同层 玛湖15 3 962~3 972 P1f3 0.30 — 6.51 含油水层 玛湖063 4 071~4 136 P1f2 — — 16.72 水层 克89 3 572~3 592 P1f3 — — 22.33 水层 克81 3 885~3 900 P1f2 安山岩 0.37 — 6.80 含油水层 克88 3 206~3 220 P1f2 — 0.034 13.99 水层 克201 3 962~3 980 P1f2 辉绿岩 15.89 0.309 5.70 油水同层 注:P1f2,P1f3.下二叠统风城组二段、三段,下同 表 2 玛南地区风二段火山岩原油物性参数
Table 2. Crude oil physical properties of volcanic rocks from Member 2 of the Fengcheng Formation in the Manan area
井号 试油结论 岩性 平均深度/m 地面原油密度/(g·cm-3) 黏度(50℃)/(mPa·s) 含蜡量wB/% 白261 油水同层 凝灰岩 3 038.25 0.863 6 13.77 7.22 克811 油水同层 玄武岩 3 724.00 0.903 0 55.59 — 克202 油水同层 辉绿岩 3 971.00 0.877 8 29.27 4.44 玛湖025 油层 玄武岩 4 115.00 0.871 3 20.995 — 克201 油层 玄武岩 4 150.50 0.853 5 9.59 5.53 克204 油层 玄武岩 4 379.50 0.891 2 40.41 5.80 克80 油水同层 玄武岩 4 385.00 0.837 0 6.57 5.52 玛湖16 油水同层 玄武岩 4 430.50 0.866 9 14.69 4.71 金龙51 油层 玄武岩 4 448.00 0.832 1 7.21 8.62 表 3 玛南地区火山岩原油与烃源岩生标物成熟度参数与原油碳同位素数据
Table 3. Biomarker maturity parameters of volcanic rock crude oil and source rock and carbon isotopes of crude oil in the Manan area
井号 样品描述 深度/m S/(S+R)-ααα-C29甾烷 ββ/(αα+ββ)-20R-C29甾烷 重排/(重排+规则)-C29甾烷 原油碳同位素/‰ 金龙17 原油 3 793.00 0.503 0.585 0.194 -29.15 金龙51 4 448.00 0.481 0.582 0.199 -31.22 克80 4 385.00 0.474 0.623 0.162 — 克811 3 807.00 0.449 0.580 0.151 -28.90 克821 3 470.00 0.485 0.573 0.189 -29.25 克204 4 379.50 0.479 0.572 0.170 -28.60 玛湖16 4 430.50 0.461 0.579 0.160 — 玛湖26 4 323.00 0.468 0.585 0.189 — 金龙55 烃源岩 5 007.29 0.521 0.575 0.175 — 玛湖26 4 513.50 0.479 0.578 0.151 — 玛湖28 4 842.73 0.461 0.591 0.194 — 玛湖28 4 842.60 0.470 0.601 0.176 — 玛湖28 4 843.40 0.472 0.595 0.176 — 玛湖28 4 840.35 0.459 0.580 0.151 — 玛湖28 4 842.00 0.466 0.596 0.168 — 玛湖28 4 932.80 0.455 0.604 0.169 — 玛湖282 4 576.17 0.479 0.556 0.144 — 玛湖39 5 341.59 0.468 0.573 0.175 — 玛湖39 5 347.37 0.451 0.616 0.176 — 表 4 火山岩储层非均质性评价(据文献[40]修改)
Table 4. Evaluation table for the heterogeneity of volcanic rock reservoirs
分类 孔隙度 渗透率 评价 变异系数 极差 突进系数 变异系数 突进系数 Ⅰ <0.15 <2 <1.5 <0.5 <2 弱 Ⅱ [0.15, 0.25] [2, 4] [1.5, 2.0] [0.5, 0.7] [2, 3] 中等 Ⅲ >0.25 >4 >2.0 >0.7 >3 强 研究区 0.98 124 4.35 8.72 112 强 -
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