500 a来自然与人为因素对洞庭湖区水环境演变的影响

冯晨; 梁杏

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230299

500 a来自然与人为因素对洞庭湖区水环境演变的影响

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230299

冯晨^a, ,,
梁杏^b

a.
中国地质大学(武汉)艺术与传媒学院, 武汉 430074
b.
中国地质大学(武汉)环境学院, 武汉 430074

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41772268

国家自然科学基金项目 41807199

详细信息

通讯作者:
冯晨, E-mail: 184766148@qq.com

中图分类号: X21
计量
- 文章访问数: 117
- PDF下载量: 16
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-05-24
- 录用日期: 2023-07-04
- 修回日期: 2023-06-29

Impact of human and natural factors on the water environment evolution of Dongting Lake area over the past 500 years

FENG Chen^{a
, ,},
LIANG Xing^b

a.
School of Arts and Communication, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
b.
School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Corresponding author: FENG Chen, E-mail: 184766148@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
为扭转洞庭湖区人-水之争严重制约湖区可持续发展的局面，需要厘清洞庭湖区水环境在自然和人为因素影响下的演变规律。通过梳理500 a来洞庭湖区人-水关系演变历程，研究了围垦建垸与长江水利工程对湖区水环境的影响，结合洞庭湖区构造沉降和来水来沙特征，探讨了人类活动与地质环境对湖区水环境演变的影响，分析了洞庭湖区与长江水沙蓄泄关系变化，以及洞庭湖区未来演化的趋势。结果表明：①持续围垦建垸，侵占了蓄滞洪水的水域，大幅削减了洞庭湖蓄洪能力。②荆江大堤的修建，抬高了荆江洪水位并对洞庭湖形成了顶托作用，加剧了丰水期洪涝灾害。③荆江裁弯取直，造成城陵矶-武汉段淤积，以及荆江三口分流河道衰退萎缩，致使洞庭湖入口萎缩、出口堵塞。④三峡水库运行后，洞庭湖来水泥沙淤积量大幅减少，城陵矶以下荆江河段泥沙淤积量大幅增加。人类工程造成洞庭湖调蓄洪水容量大幅减少，洪水难泄，洪灾加剧；洞庭湖出现淤积滩涂，枯水期加长，长江水难以流入，旱灾加剧。⑤江汉-洞庭湖平原目前仍处于构造沉降速度较快时期，由于洞庭湖泥沙淤积速率超过构造沉降量，造成洞庭湖容量逐年减小，洞庭湖部分地区有沼泽化的风险。
- 水环境 /
- 围垦建垸 /
- 水利工程 /
- 构造沉降 /
- 泥沙淤积 /
- 洞庭湖区 /
- 自然因素 /
- 人为因素
Abstract: Objective
The disputes among humans, water and land have seriously restricted the sustainable development of the Dongting Lake region (TDLR).
Methods
To address this issue, it is crucial to understand the evolution of the hydrological environment in the TDLR, enabling solutions to the competition for space between human activities and water. By determining the evolution of the human-water relationship in the TDLR over the past 500 years, the influences of natural and human factors on the evolution of the hydrological environment are studied.
Results
Considering the characteristics of tectonic subsidence and sediment inflow in the TDLR, an evolutionary model of the hydrological environment induced by human activities and the geological environment was obtained, and not only the changing trends in the storage and drainage of water and sediment in the TDLR and Yangtze River but also the possibility of future evolution of the TDLR were clarified.
Conclusion
The key finding are as follows: (1) The continuous land reclamation has encroached on floodwater retention areas, significantly reducing Dongting Lake's flood storage capacity. (2) The construction of the Jingjiang Dyke has raised flood levels in the Jingjiang River and exerted a backwater effect on Dongting Lake, exacerbating flood disasters during the high-water period. (3) The straightening of the Jingjiang River has led to sediment deposition from Chenglingji to Wuhan, and the decline of the three distributaries of the Jingjiang River, causing shrinkage at the lake's inlets and blockage at its outlets. (4) Since the operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the sediment accumulation of the inflow water from Dongting Lake decreased significantly, and that of the Jingjiang reach below Chenglingji increased significantly. Under the influence of human activities, the flood storage capacity of Dongting Lake has decreased annually; therefore, the water inflow during flood periods is difficult to discharge, and dry water replenishment has gradually decreased; therefore, the dry period in the TDLR has lengthened, and water has difficulty flowing. As a result, both flood and drought disasters have intensified. (5) The Jianghan-Dongting Lake Plain is still undergoing rapid structural subsidence, but the rate of sedimentation exceeds the amount of tectonic settlement; hence, Dongting Lake is at risk of morphing into marshes and land.
- hydrological environment /
- reclamation and construction of dike /
- water conservancy project /
- tectonic subsidence /
- sedimentation /
- Dongting Lake region /
- natural factor /
- human factor
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 洞庭湖区区位图

Figure 1. Location map of Dongting Lake region

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 洞庭湖区主要水系图

Figure 2. Main river system of Dongting Lake region

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 近500 a来洞庭湖区城镇分布历史变迁图

Figure 3. Historical process of urban distribution around Dongting Lake region in the past 500 years

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 构造沉降使堤顶面及堤内地面高程降低示意图^[41]

虚线表示前期，实线表示后期；Δh和Δh′分别为前、后期洪水位与堤内堤面的高差

Figure 4. Process of tectonic subsidence lowering the elevation of the top surface and ground inside the dike

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 500 a来洞庭湖区堤垸演化图

Figure 5. Invading process of dikes in Dongting Lake region in the past 500 years

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 洞庭湖区围湖造田和加固堤垸对水患影响模式示意图

Figure 6. Influence of reclaimed land and reinforced dikes on water disaster in the Dongting Lake district

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 不同方法求取得的洞庭平原现代构造沉降速率^[43]

Table 1. Modern tectonic subsidence rate of Dongting plain obtained by different methods

分线(片)范围	(视)构造沉降速率/(mm·a^-1)		求取方法
分线(片)范围	范围	平均值	求取方法
洞庭湖平原	8.8~18.2	12.2	GPS监测结果
洞庭盆地阶地丘陵区	2.3~6.1	3.1~4.4	一、二等水准重复测量法
洞庭盆地(垸地)	6.46~13.25	7.21	水尺基准重复测量
东、南洞庭湖水域	6.7~11.4	8.7	水下地形图与输沙法结合
洞庭湖区	8.56~11.43	10.71	长江水利委员会1925-1953年重复水准测量结果
注：直接法求得的结果称为构造沉降速率，间接法求得的结果称为视构造沉降速率

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 洞庭平原第四纪以来平均(视)构造沉降速率^[41]

Table 2. Average(apparent) tectonic subsidence rate of Dongting Plain since Quaternary

不同时期	第四纪				历史时期	现代
不同时期	Qp₁	Qp₂	Qp₃	Qh₄	19世纪以来近两千年	1925-1953年	20世纪50-90年代
沉降速率/(mm·a^-1)	0.063	0.124	0.093	1.12	相对沉降快	10.71	8.4

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 洞庭湖区不同历史时期的水面测算面积统计^[45]

Table 3. Statistics of water area in different historical periods of Dongting Lake region

时代	时间(公元)/年	实测面积/km²
西周	公元前900	1 209.16
春秋	公元前600	1 644.22
战国	公元前400	1 940.77
秦	公元前206	2 075.39
汉	0	2 200.87
三国	250	1 960.92
晋	300	2 185.45
南朝(齐)	479	2 457.03
隋	600	2 874.50
唐	900	4 525.74
五代十国	950	4 837.60
宋	1 127	5 480.34
元	1 300	5 531.71
明	1 575	5 154.07
明末清初	1 616	4 692.99
清末	1 896	4 587.55
民国	1 938	3 951.10
解放初期	1 954	3 762.62
20世纪70年代	1 977	2 609.32
20世纪末	1 997	2 625.46
21世纪初	2 007	2 526.18
	2 014	2 519.43

下载: 导出CSV

表 4 地形图比对法与输沙量平衡法计算视构造沉降速率结果

Table 4. Subsidence rate of the apparent structure adopting the topographic map comparison method and sediment transport balance method

计算时段	计算方法	东洞庭湖	南洞庭湖
1952-1988年	地形图比对法地形高程增大值A/m	1.16	0.82
1952-1988年	输沙量平衡法泥沙平均淤高B/m	1.57	1.11
(A-B)/时段间隔=视构造沉降速率/(mm·a^-1)		-11.39	-8.06
1975-1995年	地形图比对法地形高程增大值A′/m	0.47	0.45
1975-1995年	输沙量平衡法泥沙平均淤高B′/m	0.66	0.504
(A′-B′)/时段间隔=视构造沉降速率/(mm·a^-1)		-6.70

下载: 导出CSV

表 5 洞庭湖进出湖泥沙与湖区泥沙淤积统计^[46]

Table 5. Statistics of sediment in and out and sediment deposition in Dongting Lake region

统计时段	入湖泥沙量/(10⁴t·a^-1)			出湖泥沙量/(10⁴t·a^-1)	淤积泥沙量/(10⁴t·a^-1)	泥沙沉积率/%
统计时段	长江三口	湖南四水	长江三口+湖南四水	出湖泥沙量/(10⁴t·a^-1)	淤积泥沙量/(10⁴t·a^-1)	泥沙沉积率/%
1951-1966年	20 236	3 482	23 718	6 063	17 654	74.4
1967-1972年	14 109	4 083	18 192	5 263	12 928	71.1
1973-1980年	11 079	3 666	14 745	3 839	10 906	74.0
1981-1993年	10 323	2 357	12 680	3 045	9 635	76.0
1994-2002年	6 374	1 780	8 154	2 340	5 814	71.3
2003-2011年	1 113	798	1 911	1 656	256	13.4
1951-2011年	11 453	2 678	14 131	3 850	10 282	72.8

下载: 导出CSV

表 6 1951-2015年洞庭湖区不同洪涝等级出现频率的年代际变化^[50]

Table 6. Interdecadal variation in the frequency of different flood grades in Dongting Lake region from 1951 to 2015

时期	极端洪涝	严重洪涝	中等洪涝	轻微洪涝
1951-1960年	0.83	1.67	5.00	13.33
1961-1970年	0	0.83	2.50	23.33
1971-1980年	0	0.83	6.67	12.50
1981-1990年	0	0	5.00	15.83
1991-2000年	0	1.67	10.00	18.33
2001-2015年	0	0	2.30	12.64
1951-2015年	0.14	0.83	5.24	16.00

下载: 导出CSV

表 7 民国至1970s洞庭湖堤垸各时期面积变化统计^[33]

Table 7. Measure of the area of agricultural dikes in the Dongting Lake region(from the Republic of China to 1970s)

阶段	堤垸增加部分		堤垸减少部分		堤垸不变面积比例/%
阶段	面积比例/%	年增加率/%	面积比例/%	年减少率/%	堤垸不变面积比例/%
民国前期-民国后期	31.26	3.13	12.68	1.27	56.05
民国后期-解放初期	31.22	3.12	13.70	1.37	55.08
解放初期-20世纪70年代	11.98	0.86	3.40	0.24	84.61
20世纪70年代-现代	2.73	0.34	0	0	97.27

下载: 导出CSV

表 8 下荆江裁弯前后长江三口(松滋、太平、藕池)分流分沙变化

Table 8. Distribution of flow and sediment in the three branches of the Yangtze River(Songzi, Taiping and Lotus Lake)before and after the river cut-off projects in the lower the Jingjiang stretch

占比	分流比/%			分沙比/%
占比	松滋	太平	藕池	松滋	太平	藕池
裁弯前(1951-1966年)	11.0	4.7	14.9	10.4	4.3	23.5
裁弯后(1973-1988年)	9.4	3.4	5.3	9.3	3.7	8.1

下载: 导出CSV

表 9 下荆江裁弯前后洞庭湖来水来沙变化

Table 9. Inflow of water and sediment in Dongting Lake region before and after the river cut-off projects in the lower the Jingjiang stretch

占比	长江三口来水流量占比/%	湖南四水来水流量占比/%	长江三口来沙流量占比/%	湖南四水来沙流量占比/%
裁弯前(1951-1966年)	43.8	48.7	85.3	14.7
裁弯后(1973-1988年)	29.9	60.4	78.9	21.1

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(63)

[1]	湖南省国土资源厅. 洞庭湖历史变迁地图集[M]. 长沙: 湖南地图出版社, 2011: 96-125. Department of Natural Resources of Human Province. Atlas of historical vicissitude in Donting Lake[M]. Changsha: Hunan Map Publishing Company, 2011: 96-125. (in Chinese)
[2]	李梦婕, 汪明, 史培军. 湖南暴雨洪涝灾害损失时空特征及影响因素分析[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 50(4): 429-434. LI M J, WANG M, SHI P J. Temporal-spatial distribution of rainstorm-flood disasters in Hunan, China and its affecting factors[J]. Journal of Beijing Normal University(Natural Science), 2014, 50(4): 429-434. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[3]	胡光伟. 洞庭湖水沙时空演变及其对水资源安全的影响研究[D]. 长沙: 湖南师范大学, 2014. HU G W. Study on the temporal-spatial evolvement of runoff and sediment of the Dongting Lake and its impact on water security[D]. Changsha: Hunan Normal University, 2014. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[4]	张洋, 陈孝康, 林旭, 等. 江汉盆地新生代早期河流演化研究: 来自地表河流和盆地钻孔碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄的约束[J]. 地质科技通报, 2023, 42(6): 106-117. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220154 ZHANG Y, CHEN X K, LIN X, et al. Early Cenozoic drainage evolution in the Jianghan Basin: Constraints from detrital zircon U-Pb ages of surface rivers and cores in the basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2023, 42(6): 106-117. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220154
[5]	PHACH P V, LAI V C, SHAKIROV R B, et al. Tectonic activities and evolution of the Red River delta(north Viet Nam)in the Holocene[J]. Geotectonics, 2020, 54(1): 113-129. doi: 10.1134/S0016852120010094
[6]	JOSHI L M, KOTLIA B S, KOTHYARI G C, et al. Neotectonic landform development and associated mass movements along eastern Ramganga valley in the Kumaun Himalaya, India[J]. Geotectonics, 2021, 55(4): 543-562. doi: 10.1134/S0016852121040087
[7]	ARORA A, ARABAMERI A, PANDEY M, et al. Optimization of state-of-the-art fuzzy-metaheuristic ANFIS-based machine learning models for flood susceptibility prediction mapping in the Middle Ganga Plain, India[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 750: 141565. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141565
[8]	王先彦, 于洋. 试论河流地貌学的新进展和趋势[J]. 地质科技通报, 2024, 43(1): 150-159. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220259 WANG X Y, YU Y. Progress in fluvial geomorphology and trend: A brief review[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2024, 43(1): 150-159. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20220259
[9]	夏世威, 马强, 黄传炎, 等. 吉木萨尔-吉南凹陷构造演化及原型盆地[J]. 地质科技通报, 2024, 43(3): 170-179. doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230095 XIA S W, MA Q, HUANG C Y, et al. Tectonic evolution and prototype basins reconstruction in the Jimsar and Jinan Depressions, Eastern Junggar Basin[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology, 2024, 43(3): 170-179(in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230095
[10]	梁杏, 张人权, 皮建高, 等. 洞庭盆地第四纪构造活动特征[J]. 地质科技情报, 2001, 20(2): 11-14. LIANG X, ZHANG R Q, PI J G, et al. Characteristics of tectonic movement of Dongting Basin in the Quaternary period[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2001, 20(2): 11-14. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[11]	苏成, 莫多闻, 王辉. 洞庭湖的形成、演变与洪涝灾害[J]. 水土保持研究, 2001, 8(2): 52-55. SU C, MO D W, WANG H. Evolution of Lake Dongting and its flood disasters[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2001, 8(2): 52-55. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12]	柏道远, 李彬, 姜文, 等. 洞庭盆地湘阴凹陷南段构造特征及动力机制[J]. 桂林理工大学学报, 2020, 40(2): 241-250. BAI D Y, LI B, JIANG W, et al. Structure characteristics and dynamic mechanisms of southern Xiangyin Sag of Dongting Basin[J]. Journal of Guilin University of Technology, 2020, 40(2): 241-250. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13]	林旭, 刘静. 江汉和洞庭盆地与周缘造山带盆山耦合研究进展[J]. 地震地质, 2019, 41(2): 499-520. LIN X, LIU J. A review of mountain-basin coupling of Jianghan and Dongting Basins with their surrounding mountains[J]. Seismology and Geology, 2019, 41(2): 499-520. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[14]	柏道远, 李长安. 洞庭盆地第四纪地质研究现状[J]. 地质科技情报, 2010, 29(5): 1-8. BAI D Y, LI C A. Status of quaternary geology research of Dongting Basin[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2010, 29(5): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15]	姚纪华, 刘晓群, 宋文杰, 等. 洞庭湖赤山凸起第四纪构造沉积演变特性[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2020, 40(5): 160-168. YAO J H, LIU X Q, SONG W J, et al. Quaternary tectono-sedimentary evolution of Chishan Uplift in the Dongting Lake[J]. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2020, 40(5): 160-168. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16]	李春初. 构造沉降是控制近代洞庭湖演变的关键因素吗: 评《洞庭湖地质环境系统分析》[J]. 海洋与湖沼, 2000, 31(4): 460-464. LI C C. Tectonic subsidence in relation to modern Dongting Lake evolution: Review on "Dongting lake geology environmental system analysis"[J]. Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica, 2000, 31(4): 460-464. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17]	陈玉冬, 李德平, 高海丽, 等. 洞庭盆地东部地表垂直形变空间分布及原因分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(增刊1): 14-20. CHEN Y D, LI D P, GAO H L, et al. Spatial distribution and reason analysis of the surface vertical deformation in the east of Dongting Basin[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2014, 23(S1): 14-20. (in Chinese)
[18]	LIU C, SUI J Y, HE Y, et al. Changes in runoff and sediment load from major Chinese Rivers to the Pacific Ocean over the period 1955-2010[J]. International Journal of Sediment Research, 2013, 28(4): 486-495. doi: 10.1016/S1001-6279(14)60007-X
[19]	SZYMCZAK E, SZMYTKIEWICZ A. Sediment deposition in the Puck Lagoon(southern Baltic Sea, Poland)[J]. Baltica, 2014, 27(2): 105-118. doi: 10.5200/baltica.2014.27.20
[20]	APREDA C, D'AMBROSIO V, DI MARTINO F. A climate vulnerability and impact assessment model for complex urban systems[J]. Environmental Science & Policy, 2019, 93: 11-26.
[21]	AVAND M, MORADI H R, RAMAZANZADEH LASBOYEE M. Spatial prediction of future flood risk: An approach to the effects of climate change[J]. Geosciences, 2021, 11(1): 25. doi: 10.3390/geosciences11010025
[22]	LIUZZO L, BONO E, SAMMARTANO V, et al. Analysis of spatial and temporal rainfall trends in Sicily during the 1921-2012 period[J]. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2016, 126(1): 113-129.
[23]	顾西辉, 张强, 孔冬冬. 中国极端降水事件时空特征及其对夏季温度响应[J]. 地理学报, 2016, 71(5): 718-730. GU X H, ZHANG Q, KONG D D. Spatiotemporal patterns of extreme precipitation with their responses to summer temperature[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(5): 718-730. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[24]	LIU M X, XU X L, SUN A Y, et al. Is southwestern China experiencing more frequent precipitation extremes?[J]. Environmental Research Letters, 2014, 9(6): 064002. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/9/6/064002
[25]	张艳林, 刘秀. 1960-2012年期间湖南省及周边地区气温变化趋势分析[J]. 湖南科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 32(2): 105-113. ZHANG Y L, LIU X. Analysis of air temperature change in the vicinity of Hunan between 1960 and 2012[J]. Journal of Hunan University of Science & Technology(Natural Science Edition), 2017, 32(2): 105-113. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[26]	孙葭, 黄一民, 吴华武. 6套格点数据中洞庭湖流域旱涝特征分析[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 44(6): 629-637. SUN J, HUANG Y M, WU H W. Characterization of drought/flood of Dongting Lake Basin from six gridded precipitation data[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences), 2018, 44(6): 629-637. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[27]	GUO L C, SU N, ZHU C Y, et al. How have the river discharges and sediment loads changed in the Changjiang River Basin downstream of the Three Gorges Dam?[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2018, 560: 259-274. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.03.035
[28]	CHEN L, GE L S, WANG D W, et al. Multi-objective water-sediment optimal operation of cascade reservoirs in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2022, 609: 127744. doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127744
[29]	赖晓鹤. 三峡建坝后河床冲刷过程与机理及其对入海泥沙通量的影响和预测[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2018. LAI X H. The process and mechanism of river channel erosion below Three Gorges Dam: Its effect and prediction to sediment load into the sea[D]. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2018. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[30]	许全喜, 胡功宇, 袁晶. 近50年来荆江三口分流分沙变化研究[J]. 泥沙研究, 2009(5): 1-8. XU Q X, HU G Y, YUAN J. Research on the flow and sediment diversion in the three outlets along Jingjiang River in recent 50 years[J]. Journal of Sediment Research, 2009(5): 1-8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[31]	PAL S. Impact of Massanjore Dam on hydro-geomorphological modification of Mayurakshi River, eastern India[J]. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 2016, 18(3): 921-944. doi: 10.1007/s10668-015-9679-1
[32]	邹振华, 陆国宾, 李琼芳, 等. 长江干流大型水利工程对下游水温变化影响研究[J]. 水力发电学报, 2011, 30(5): 139-144. ZOU Z H, LU G B, LI Q F, et al. Water temperature change caused by large-scale water projects on the Yangtze River mainstream[J]. Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering, 2011, 30(5): 139-144. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[33]	吉红霞, 吴桂平, 刘元波. 近百年来洞庭湖堤垸空间变化及成因分析[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2014, 23(4): 566-572. JI H X, WU G P, LIU Y B. Spatial change of polder in Dongting Lake district and its driving forces in the Last Century[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2014, 23(4): 566-572. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[34]	徐伟平, 康文星, 何介南. 洞庭湖蓄水能力的时空变化特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(3): 62-67. XU W P, KANG W X, HE J N. Temporal and spatial variation of storage capacity in Dongting Lake[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(3): 62-67. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[35]	中国环境科学研究院. 2017年三峡工程生态与环境监测系统洞庭湖江湖生态监测重点站技术报告[R]. 北京: 中国环境科学研究院, 2018. Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. Technical report of the key station of Dongting Lake ecological monitoring station of the Three Gorges Project ecological and environmental monitoring system in 2017[R]. Beijing: Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. 2018. (in Chinese)
[36]	龚胜生. 两湖平原城镇发展的空间过程[J]. 地理学报, 1996, 51(6): 489-500. GONG S S. The spatial development of the two-lake plain's cities for the past more than 2 000 years[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 1996, 51(6): 489-500. (in Chinese)
[37]	田炯權. 清末民国时期湖广(湖南、湖北)地区的农业生产力及生产关系[J]. 清史研究, 1996(1): 67-78. TIAN J Q. Agricultural productivity and product relations in Huguang Province in late Qing dynasty China[J]. Studies in Qing History, 1996(1): 67-78. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[38]	施金炎. 洞庭史鉴: 洞庭湖区域发展研究[M]. 长沙: 湖南人民出版社, 2002: 479. SHI J Y. History of Dongting Lake: A study on the regional development of Dongting Lake[M]. Changsha: Hunan People's Publishing House, 2002: 479. (in Chinese)
[39]	杨顺顺. 洞庭湖生态经济区产业转型破围之路[J]. 人民论坛, 2021(31): 67-69. YANG S S. The way of industrial transformation of Dongting Lake Ecological Economic Zone[J]. People's Tribune, 2021(31): 67-69. (in Chinese)
[40]	胡鞍钢. 中国特色社会主义生态文明新时代[J]. 林业经济, 2017, 39(12): 3-5. HU A G. The new era of ecological civilization of socialism with Chinese characteristics[J]. Forestry Economics, 2017, 39(12): 3-5. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[41]	李长安. 长江中游主要水患区第四纪地质及新构造运动对水患形成的影响研究报告[R]. 武汉: 中国地质大学(武汉), 2003. LI C A. Research report on Quaternary geology and influence of neotectonic movement on flood formation in the main flood areas of the middle reaches of Yangtze River[R]. Wuhan: China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), 2003. (in Chinese)
[42]	皮建高, 潘晟. 洞庭湖区构造沉降特征及监测方案[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2005, 16(1): 9-12. PI J G, PAN S. Characteristics of tectonic subsidence and monitoring project in Dongting Lake area[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2005, 16(1): 9-12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[43]	陈国金. 长江中游洪灾形成与防治的环境地质研究[J]. 资源环境与工程, 2009, 23(4): 401-405. CHEN G J. Study on environmental geology of formulation and prevention of flood disasters in the middle reach of the Yangtze River[J]. Resources Environment & Engineering, 2009, 23(4): 401-405. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[44]	皮建高, 张国梁, 梁杏, 等. 洞庭盆地第四纪沉积环境演变的初步分析[J]. 地质科技情报, 2001, 20(2): 6-10. PI J G, ZHANG G L, LIANG X, et al. Preliminary research on sedimentary environment evolution in Dongting Basin in the Quaternary period[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information, 2001, 20(2): 6-10. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[45]	苏岑. 洞庭湖演化变迁的遥感监测数学模型[J]. 国土资源遥感, 2016, 28(1): 178-182. SU C. Remote sensing monitoring mathematical model for the evolution of the Dongting Lake[J]. Remote Sensing for Land & Resources, 2016, 28(1): 178-182. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[46]	段文忠, 王明甫, 梁杏. 现代洞庭湖区泥沙淤积时空特征[C]//佚名. 环境地质研究(第三辑). 北京: 地震出版社, 1995: 179-185. DUAN W Z, WANG M F, LIANG X. Temporal and spatial characteristics of sediment deposition in modern Dongting Lake area[C]//Anon. Environmental geological research(Vol. 3). Beijing: Seismological Press, 1995: 179-185. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[47]	国务院三峡工程建设委员会办公室泥沙课题专家组, 中国长江三峡工程开发总公司泥沙专家组. 长江三峡工程泥沙问题研究: 长江三峡工程"九五"泥沙研究综合分析[R]. 北京: 知识产权出版社, 2000: 204-372. Expert Group on Sediment Issues of the Office of the Three Gorges Project Construction Committee of the State Council, Sediment Expert Group of China Three Gorges Project Development Corporation. Research on the sediment problem of the Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River: A comprehensive analysis of the sediment research of the Ninth Five-Year Plan of the Three Gorges Project[R]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2000: 204-372. (in Chinese)
[48]	施雅风, 姜彤, 苏布达, 等. 1840年以来长江大洪水演变与气候变化关系初探[J]. 湖泊科学, 2004, 16(4): 289-297. SHI Y F, JIANG T, SU B D, et al. Preliminary analysis on the relation between the evolution of heavy floods in the Yangtze River catchment and the climate changes since 1840[J]. Journal of Lake Science, 2004, 16(4): 289-297. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[49]	黄菊梅, 邹用昌, 彭嘉栋, 等. 1960-2011年洞庭湖区年降水量变化特征[J]. 气象与环境学报, 2013, 29(6): 81-86. HUANG J M, ZOU Y C, PENG J D, et al. Variation characteristics of annual precipitation from 1960 to 2011 in Dongting Lake area[J]. Journal of Meteorology and Environment, 2013, 29(6): 81-86. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[50]	胡毅鸿, 李景保. 1951-2015年洞庭湖区旱涝演变及典型年份旱涝急转特征分析[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(7): 107-115. HU Y H, LI J B. Analysis on evolution of drought-flood and its abrupt alternation in typical year from 1951 to 2015 in Dongting Lake area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(7): 107-115. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[51]	程智, 丁小俊, 徐敏, 等. 长江中下游地区典型旱涝急转气候特征研究[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2012, 21(增刊2): 115-120. CHENG Z, DING X J, XU M, et al. Climate characters of typical droughts-floods abrupt alternation events in the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2012, 21(S2): 115-120. (in Chinese)
[52]	冯雪, 夏军强, 周美蓉, 等. 三峡水库运用后荆江段非均匀悬沙恢复特性[J]. 湖泊科学, 2021, 33(6): 1898-1905. FENG X, XIA J Q, ZHOU M R, et al. Transport characteristics of non-uniform suspended sediment in the Jingjiang reach after the Three Gorges Project operation[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2021, 33(6): 1898-1905. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[53]	鲁西奇. 明清时期江汉平原的围垸: 从"水利工程"到"水利共同体"[M]. 武汉: 武汉大学出版社, 2011: 387. LU X Q. Cropland dikes in Jianghan Plain in Ming and Qing Dynasties: From "Water Conservancy Project" to "Water Conservancy Community"[M]. Wuhan: Wuhan University Press, 2011: 387. (in Chinese)
[54]	窦鸿身, 姜家虎. 洞庭湖[M]. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学出版社, 2003: 54. DOU H S, JIANG J H. Dongting Lake[M]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology Press, 2003: 54. (in Chinese)
[55]	张修桂. 云梦泽的演变与下荆江河曲的形成[J]. 复旦学报(社会科学版), 1980, 22(2): 40-48. ZHANG X G. The evolution of Yunmengze and the formation of lower Jingjiang River bend[J]. Fudan Journal(Social Sciences Edition), 1980, 22(2): 40-48. (in Chinese)
[56]	周凤琴. 云梦泽与荆江三角洲的历史变迁[J]. 湖泊科学, 1994, 6(1): 22-32. ZHOU F Q. Historical evolution of Yunmeng marsh and Jingjiang delta[J]. Journal of Lake Science, 1994, 6(1): 22-32. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[57]	周凤琴. 荆江历史变迁的阶段性特征[J]. 历史地理, 1992(1): 273-287. ZHOU F Q. The periodic characteristics of Jingjiang River in its changes in the past[J]. History Geography, 1992(1): 273-287. (in Chinese)
[58]	陈立德. 长江中游荆江和江汉-洞庭地区防洪减灾策略[J]. 科技导报, 2018, 36(15): 85-92. CHEN L D. Flood control strategies of Jingjiang and Jianghan-Dongting areas in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2018, 36(15): 85-92. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[59]	周凤琴. 荆江近5 000年来洪水位变迁的初步探讨[J]. 历史地理, 1986(1): 46-53. ZHOU F Q. A tentative jnquiry into the changes in the flood level on Jingjiang River during the last 5 000 years[J]. History Geography, 1986(1): 46-53. (in Chinese)
[60]	李长安, 江焱生, 殷鸿福, 等. 长江中游人-水-地协调防洪对策的思考: 以江汉平原为例[C]//湖北省水利厅, 湖北省水利学会. 三峡工程建成后对长江中游的影响: 2007中国科协年会分论坛之十论文集. [出版地不详]: [出版社不详], 2007: 4. LI C A, JIANG Y S, YIN H F, et al. Thinking on the countermeasures of flood control coordinated by tourists, water and land in the Yangtze River: Taking Jianghan Plain as an example[C]//Hubei Provincial Department of Water Resources, Hubei Provincial Water Conservancy Society. The impact of the Three Gorges Project on the middle reaches of the Yangtze River after its completion: A collection of ten essays from the 2007 China Association for Science and Technology Annual Conference Sub Forum. [S. l. ]: [s. n. ], 2007: 4. (in Chinese)
[61]	何明民, 韩其为, 王崇浩. 荆江裁弯后河床长期冲刷的机理研究[C]//佚名. 第三届海峡两岸水利科技交流研讨会论文集(下册). 北京: [出版社不详], 1997: 854-867. HE M M, HAN Q W, WANG C H. Study on the mechanism of long-term scour of the Jingjiang River bed after bending[C]//Anon. Proceedings of the Third Cross-Straits Symposium on Water Science and Technology Exchange(Part Ⅱ). Beijing: [s. n. ], 1997: 854-867. (in Chinese)
[62]	聂芳容. 构建洞庭湖生态和经济新发展格局[J]. 湖南水利水电, 2021(2): 1-23. NIE F R. Constructing a new pattern of ecological and economic development of Dongting Lake[J]. Hunan Hydro & Power, 2021(2): 1-23. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[63]	钟小敏, 帅红, 李景保, 等. 水利工程群对洞庭湖城陵矶特征水位的综合影响[J]. 水资源与水工程学报, 2022, 33(5): 72-80. ZHONG X M, SHUAI H, LI J B, et al. Comprehensive effect of group hydrological projects on characteristic water level of Chenglingji in Dongting Lake[J]. Journal of Water Resources and Water Engineering, 2022, 33(5): 72-80. (in Chinese with English abstract)