河北省典型铅锌矿区重金属来源解析及生态风险评价

刘安; 于聪灵; 王立平; 宋娟娟; 孙连伟; 金倩; 孙孟华

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230373

河北省典型铅锌矿区重金属来源解析及生态风险评价

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230373

刘安^{1, 2,},
于聪灵^{1, 2, ,},
王立平^{1, 2},
宋娟娟^{1, 2},
孙连伟^{1, 2},
金倩^{1, 2},
孙孟华^{1, 2}

1.
河北省地质实验测试中心，河北保定 071051
2.
河北省矿产资源与生态环境监测重点实验室，河北保定 071051

基金项目:

河北省地矿局地质科技项目 454-0601-YBN-DONH

河北省地矿局地质科技项目 13000022P0069B410045K

详细信息

作者简介:
刘安, E-mail: hbbdliuan@qq.com

通讯作者:
于聪灵, E-mail: yucongling@sina.com

中图分类号: X14
计量
- 文章访问数: 347
- PDF下载量: 35
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-03
- 录用日期: 2023-09-15
- 修回日期: 2023-09-07

Heavy metal sources and ecological risk assessment of typical lead-zinc mining areas in Hebei Province

LIU An^{1, 2
,},
YU Congling^{1, 2
, ,},
WANG Liping^{1, 2},
SONG Juanjuan^{1, 2},
SUN Lianwei^{1, 2},
JIN Qian^{1, 2},
SUN Menghua^{1, 2}

1.
Hebei Research Center for Geoanalysis, Baoding Hebei 071051, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources and Ecological Environment Monitoring of Hebei Province, Baoding Hebei 071051, China

More Information

Author Bio:
LIU An, E-mail: hbbdliuan@qq.com

Corresponding author: YU Congling, E-mail: yucongling@sina.com

摘要

摘要:
为揭示河北省典型铅锌矿区重金属来源及生态风险，以河北省某铅锌矿区周边区域为研究对象，通过系统的田间采样采集了156件土壤样品，通过主成分分析(PCA)及正定矩阵因子分解(PMF)模型分析，分析了区域内重金属的来源；运用地累积指数法及潜在生态风险指数法进行了风险评价。研究结果表明，Cr，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Cd，Pb和Hg质量分数平均值分别为53.6，25.7，62.7，692，10.6，1.75，142，0.129 mg/kg，除Cr，Ni和As外，其余5种重金属均处于不同的污染水平，平均值均超河北省土壤背景值，Hg，Cd，Zn，Pb和Cu的变异系数均大于1.75，As的变异系数大于0.5，表明这6种重金属属于高度变异。源解析显示，研究区土壤重金属的主要来源为采矿活动、自然来源、农业活动和金矿冶炼，其中，Pb，Zn和Cd主要源于采矿活动；Cr，Ni主要受自然母质的影响，属于自然来源；Cu主要受农业活动和采矿活动的双重影响；As受自然来源、采矿活动和农业活动三重控制；Hg主要源于金矿冶炼和采矿活动。PCA与PMF模型有机结合、彼此印证，增加了重金属来源解析结果的可信度。研究区存在人为因素引起的Hg和Cd污染，地累积指数和潜在生态风险指数高，生态风险总体属于极高生态风险，需要重点关注并开展治理工作。
- 重金属 /
- 来源解析 /
- 统计分析 /
- 生态风险 /
- 铅锌矿区 /
- 河北省
Abstract: Objective
To reveal the sources and ecological risks of heavy metals in a typical lead-zinc mining area in Hebei Province, 156 soil samples were collected around a zinc mining area in Hebei Province through a systematic field sampling method.
Methods
The sources of heavy metals in the area were analysed via principal component analysis(PCA) and a positive matrix factorization(PMF) model. The risk assessment was carried out according to the index of geoaccumulation method and potential ecological risk index method.
Results
The results show that the mean values of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Hg are 53.6, 25.7, 62.7, 692, 10.6, 1.75, 142, 0.129 mg/kg, respectively. Except for Cr, Ni and As, the other 5 elements present at different pollution levels. Above the background values of the soils in Hebei Province, the coefficient of variation of Hg, Cd, Zn, Pb and Cu is more than 1.75, and the coefficient of variation of As exceeds 0.5, indicating the high variability of these 6 elements. The results of the source analysis reveal that the main sources of soil heavy metals include mining activities, natural sources, agricultural activities, and gold smelting. Zn, Cd and Pb were mainly derived from mining activities; Cr and Ni were influenced by natural parent materials and were derived from natural sources; Cu was mainly derived from agricultural activities and mining activities; As was controlled by natural sources, mining activities and agricultural activities; and Hg was originated from mainly gold smelting and mining activities. The combination of PCA and the PMF model to corroborate each other facilitates the reliability of the heavy metal source analysis results.
Conclusion
There is anthropogenic Hg and Cd contamination in this area, as indicated by the high geoaccumulation indices and potential ecological risk indices. In addition, the ecological risk in general was found to be very high, and attention needs to be given to and management work to be carried out.
- heavy metal /
- source analysis /
- statistical analysis /
- ecological risk /
- lead-zinc mining area /
- Hebei Province
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 研究区区域位置及土壤采样点分布

a.涞源县位置；b.研究区位置；c.研究区周边村镇位置；d.土壤采样点位置

Figure 1. Regional location and distribution of soil sampling points in the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 铅锌矿区周边不同类型土壤重金属质量分数

Figure 2. Contents of heavy metals in different types of soils around lead-zinc mining areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 重金属PMF源解析贡献

Figure 3. Contribution of heavy metal PMF source analysis

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 地累积指数结果

a.地累积指数箱线图; b.重金属分级比例

Figure 4. Results of geoaccumulation indeices

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 Hakanson潜在生态风险分级标准^[32]

Table 1. Grading standard of Hakanson potential ecological risk

单因子潜在生态风险指数E^j_r	潜在生态风险指数RI	生态风险等级
<40	<150	低
[40, 80)	[150, 300)	中等
[80, 160)	[300, 600)	较高
[160, 320)	≥600	高
≥320	—	极高

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 河北省某典型铅锌矿区及周边地区重金属质量分数特征

Table 2. Characteristics of heavy metal contents in a typical lead-zinc mining and surrounding areas in Hebei Province

项目	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Pb	Hg
最小值/(mg·kg^-1)	16.0	13.5	17.3	64.2	1.95	0.10	12.4	0.005 9
最大值/(mg·kg^-1)	81.9	35.5	818	11 864	35.3	29.7	1 512	3.75
平均值/(mg·kg^-1)	53.6	25.7	62.7	692	10.6	1.75	142	0.129
标准差/(mg·kg^-1)	12.6	5.08	110	1 558	5.65	3.93	251	0.366
变异系数CV	0.24	0.20	1.75	2.24	0.53	2.25	1.77	2.84
河北省重金属土壤背景值^[27]/(mg·kg^-1)	68.3	30.8	21.8	78.4	13.6	0.094	21.5	0.076^[28]
农用地土壤污染风险筛选值^[33]/(mg·kg^-1)	250	190	100	300	25	0.6	170	3.4
超农用地土壤污染风险筛选值比例/%	0.00	0.00	11.9	30.6	4.38	35.6	18.8	1.25

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表 3 土壤重金属含量主成分分析结果

Table 3. Results of principal component analysis of heavy metal content in the soil

重金属	PC1	PC2	PC3	PC4
Cr	-0.362	0.879	0.095	-0.003
Ni	-0.184	0.952	0.149	-0.011
Cu	0.331	-0.299	0.863	0.142
Zn	0.941	0.209	-0.138	-0.118
As	0.683	0.425	0.445	-0.206
Cd	0.952	0.202	-0.118	-0.088
Pb	0.928	0.203	-0.172	-0.128
Hg	0.459	0.281	-0.086	0.836
方差贡献率/%	52.5	18.7	12.9	11.1
累积方差贡献率/%	52.5	71.2	84.1	95.2

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表 4 土壤重金属测定值与模型预测值拟合结果

Table 4. Fitting results of the measured and model-predicted values of the soil heavy metals

重金属	决定系数R²	截距	斜率	信噪比(S/N)	预测值与实际值比(P/O)
Cr	0.921	-4.070	1.072	10.0	0.99
Ni	0.869	-1.393	1.047	10.0	0.99
Cu	0.668	11.324	0.752	10.0	0.98
Zn	0.975	43.070	0.829	10.0	0.99
As	0.368	5.626	0.348	10.0	0.97
Cd	0.974	0.049	0.887	6.7	0.99
Pb	0.945	-25.174	1.220	10.0	0.99
Hg	0.999	-0.0004	1.005	9.8	1.00

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表 5 土壤重金属潜在生态风险指数

Table 5. Potential ecological risk of heavy metals in soils

元素	潜在生态风险指数		占比/%
元素	平均值	范围	低风险	中等风险	较高风险	高风险	极高风险
Cr	1.57	0.47~2.40	100	0	0	0	0
Ni	4.18	2.19~5.76	100	0	0	0	0
Cu	14.40	3.97~188	94.2	3.2	1.3	1.3	0
Zn	8.82	0.82~151	94.2	3.2	2.6	0	0
As	7.81	1.43~26.00	100	0	0	0	0
Cd	557.00	32.2~9 479	8.3	35.9	17.3	12.8	25.7
Pb	33.00	2.88~352	80.8	7.7	7.1	3.8	0.6
Hg	68.00	3.11~1 974	75.0	12.8	5.8	0.6	5.8
RI	695.00	58.0~10 025	44.2	23.1	9.6	23.1	—
RI. 综合潜在生态风险指数

下载: 导出CSV

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