岩质边坡生态修复基材配比及性能研究

苏丹辉; 颜阳; 王永忠; 张济法; 冯海波; 李冉; 谭思祺; 段佳文; 周建伟

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230445

岩质边坡生态修复基材配比及性能研究

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230445

苏丹辉^1a,,
颜阳²,
王永忠²,
张济法^1a,
冯海波^1b,
李冉^1a,
谭思祺^1a,
段佳文³,
周建伟^{1a, 4, ,}

1a.
中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院
1b.
中国地质大学（武汉）地理与信息工程学院，武汉 430078
2.
中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司，武汉 430071
3.
贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院，贵阳 500025
4.
自然资源部矿山生态效应与系统修复重点实验室，北京 100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42077182；42030706）

详细信息

作者简介:
苏丹辉：E-mail：sudanhui@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：jw.zhou@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: X171.4
计量
- 文章访问数: 274
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-08-01
- 录用日期: 2023-11-17
- 修回日期: 2023-11-08
- 网络出版日期: 2024-05-13

Composition and properties of soil substrates for the ecological restoration of rocky slopes

SU Danhui^{1a
,},
YAN Yang²,
WANG Yongzhong²,
ZHANG Jifa^1a,
FENG Haibo^1b,
LI Ran^1a,
TAN Siqi^1a,
DUAN Jiawen³,
ZHOU Jianwei^{1a, 4
, ,}

1a.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) School of Environment Studies
1b.
China University of Geosciences (Wuhan) School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430078, China
2.
Central Southern China Electric Power Design Institute Co. Ltd., China Power Engineering Consulting Group, Wuhan 430071, China
3.
School of Geography & Environmental Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 500025, China
4.
Key Laboratory of Mine Ecological Effects and Systematic Restoration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing 100081, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：sudanhui@cug.edu.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：jw.zhou@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
随着经济的高速发展，矿产资源开发、道路电力等基础设施的建设产生了大量岩质边坡，对区域生态系统产生了严重影响。由于工艺简单、经济高效的特点，客土喷播技术广泛应用于岩质边坡的生态修复工作。但传统喷播基材黏结性及稳定性较差，导致高陡岩质边坡的修复效果不可持续。因此，亟需开发针对性的生态修复基材。通过盆栽实验和正交实验，探索了不同配比的基材性质的优劣，包括基材保水性、水平收缩率、容重、植物发芽株数、植物生长高度，并筛选出性能优良的土壤基材。在此基础上，通过抗冲刷实验，分析筛选出土壤基材的抗冲刷性能，并进一步筛选出适用于高陡岩质边坡生态修复的最优配比基材。结果表明，适量的保水剂可提高植物的发芽率与生长高度，而稍高含量的黏结剂（w_B大于0.15%）不仅使植物的生长高度减小，还会降低植物的生长速率；不同配比基材的性能具有明显差异，但各项指标几乎都优于空白对照组的自然土壤；经过筛选，基材P6、P10、P16、P1、P15的植物生长状况、物理结构及保水性良好；随着坡度和降雨强度的升高，基材流失量明显增加，并且基材P15具有优越的抗冲刷性能。因此，当边坡坡度较小（60°以下）或者偶发大雨时，基材可直接应用于边坡生态修复；当边坡坡度较大（60°以上）或者频发大到暴雨时，基材应用时应搭配防护网等工程。该研究对于岩质边坡的生态修复具有重要的指导意义。
- 岩质边坡 /
- 生态修复 /
- 客土喷附 /
- 基材配比 /
- 基材性质 /
- 植物生长 /
- 保水性 /
- 抗冲刷
Abstract: Objective
With the rapid development of the economy in China, the exploration of mineral resources and the construction of roads, electricity, and other infrastructure have generated a massive number of rocky slopes, which have a serious impact on the regional ecosystem. Due to its simplicity, economy, and high efficiency, the technology of external-soil spray seeding is widely used in the ecological restoration of rocky slopes. However, the poor adhesion and stability of traditional spraying soil substrates lead to unsustainable restoration of high and steep rocky slopes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop targeted ecological restoration soil substrates.
Methods
In this study, the properties of soil substrates with different compositional components, including substrate water retention, horizontal shrinkage, weight capacity, plant germination rate, and plant height were explored through pot and orthogonal experiments. Based on the above study, the erosion resistance of the screened soil substrates was analyzed through erosion resistance tests, and the optimal soil substrate suitable for the ecological restoration of highly steep rocky slopes was further selected.
Results
The results showed that a moderate content of water-retaining agent can increase the germination rate and height of the plants, whereas a slightly higher content of binder (greater than 0.15%) not only decreased the height of the plants but also reduced their growth rate. The properties of the soil substrates with different compositions differed significantly, but almost all the indicators were better than those of the natural soil in the blank control group. After screening, the soil substrates in groups P6, P10, P16, P1, and P15 presented good plant growth, physical structure, and water retention. With the increase of slope and rainfall intensity, the amount of substrate loss increased significantly, and the soil substrates in group P15 demonstrated greater erosion resistance.
Conclusions
Therefore, the soil substrate can be directly applied to the ecological restoration of rocky slopes when the slope gradient is small (up to 60°) or when there is occasional heavy rainfall. When the slope gradient is large (60° or greater) or when there is frequent heavy rainfall, the soil substrate should be paired with engineering applications such as protective netting. This study has important guiding significance for the ecological restoration of rocky slopes.
- rocky slope /
- ecological restoration /
- external-soil spray seeding /
- soil substrate composition /
- substrate property /
- plant growth /
- water retention /
- erosion resistance

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图 1 植物生长特征随保水剂和黏结剂含量的变化

a. 植物生长特征随保水剂含量的变化；b. 植物生长特征随黏结剂含量的变化

Figure 1. Variation in plant growth characteristics with the water-retaining agent and binder content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 不同保水剂和黏结剂含量下植物生长特征随时间的变化

a. 不同保水剂含量下植物发芽株数；b. 不同黏结剂含量下植物发芽株数；c. 不同保水剂含量下植物生长高度；d. 不同黏结剂含量下植物生长高度

Figure 2. Variation in plant growth characteristics with time under different water-retaining agent and binder contents

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图 3 不同配比基材性质对比

Figure 3. Comparison of the properties of different soil substrate compositions

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图 4 不同配比基材植物生长特征对比

Figure 4. Comparison of plant growth characteristics among different soil substrate compositions

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图 5 不同坡度及降雨强度下的基材流失量

Figure 5. Soil substrate loss at different slopes and rainfall intensities

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 正交实验土壤基材分组及其成分

Table 1. Soil substrate grouping and its composition in the orthogonal experiments

基材编号	泥炭土		草纤维		黏结剂		保水剂		团粒剂
基材编号	m₁/g	占比/%	m₂/g	占比/%	m₃/g	占比/%	m₄/g	占比/%	m₅/g	占比/%
P1	30	5	18	3	0.06	0.01	0.24	0.04	0	0
P2	30	5	36	6	3.00	0.50	0.48	0.08	0.3	0.05
P3	30	5	54	9	6.00	1.00	0.72	0.12	0.6	0.10
P4	30	5	72	12	18.00	3.00	0.96	0.16	0.9	0.15
P5	60	10	18	3	3.00	0.50	0.96	0.16	0.6	0.10
P6	60	10	36	6	0.06	0.01	0.72	0.12	0.9	0.15
P7	60	10	54	9	18.00	3.00	0.48	0.08	0	0
P8	60	10	72	12	6.00	1.00	0.24	0.04	0.3	0.05
P9	90	15	18	3	6.00	1.00	0.48	0.08	0.9	0.15
P10	90	15	36	6	0.06	0.01	0.24	0.04	0.6	0.10
P11	90	15	54	9	18.00	3.00	0.96	0.16	0.3	0.05
P12	90	15	72	12	3.00	0.50	0.72	0.12	0	0
P13	120	20	18	3	18.00	3.00	0.72	0.12	0.3	0.05
P14	120	20	36	6	6.00	1.00	0.96	0.16	0	0
P15	120	20	54	9	3.00	0.50	0.24	0.04	0.9	0.15
P16	120	20	72	12	0.06	0.01	0.48	0.08	0.6	0.10
P17	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

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表 2 不同黏结剂含量下土壤基材的抗剪强度

Table 2. Shear strength of the soil substrates with different binder contents

黏结剂w_B/%	内摩擦角/(°)	黏聚力/kPa	垂直应力
			50 kPa	100 kPa	200 kPa	300 kPa
			不同垂直应力下的抗剪强度/kPa
0	37.42	10.13	47.31	88.31	162.43	239.70
0.06	37.01	13.93	52.04	89.89	162.43	241.28
0.15	33.77	17.88	50.46	89.89	143.51	222.36
0.30	34.59	22.78	53.62	96.20	160.85	228.67
0.50	34.01	25.20	52.04	97.77	167.16	222.36
0.80	35.71	17.92	52.04	92.33	161.18	233.35
1.00	37.74	16.14	56.77	97.77	157.70	255.47

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表 3 基材筛选指标及权重

Table 3. Indicators and weights for soil substrate screening

一级指标	二级指标	筛选标准	分值权重/%
植物生长特征	植物发芽株数（PN）	发芽株数多	30
植物生长特征	植物生长高度（PH）	生长高度高	30
基材物理结构稳定性	基材容重（VW）	容重在0.8～1.0 g/cm³之间	10
	基材孔隙度（P）	孔隙度在25%～35%之间	10
	基材收缩率（HS）	基材水平收缩率小	10
基材保水性	水分蒸发量（WE）	基材蒸发量小	10

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表 4 不同配比基材的单项及综合分值

Table 4. Individual and comprehensive scores for soil substrates of different compositions

基材编号	植物发芽株数PH/株	植物生长高度 PH/mm	基材容重VW/ （g·cm⁻³）	基材孔隙度P/%	基材收缩率HS/%	水分蒸发量 WE/（g·dm⁻²）	综合分值
P1	97.74	94.29	84.00	80.00	26.17	40.68	80.69
P2	75.17	84.29	95.00	60.00	38.89	67.56	73.98
P3	45.82	75.00	97.00	100.00	65.12	91.53	71.61
P4	34.54	65.71	88.00	100.00	71.79	100.00	66.05
P5	73.81	75.00	100.00	100.00	31.82	81.95	76.02
P6	100.00	95.00	100.00	100.00	41.79	51.13	87.79
P7	34.54	67.14	100.00	100.00	73.68	83.46	66.22
P8	57.11	80.00	100.00	100.00	60.87	81.07	75.33
P9	57.11	82.14	100.00	100.00	66.67	79.37	76.38
P10	90.97	100.00	100.00	97.14	44.44	56.19	87.07
P11	59.37	76.43	92.00	100.00	80.00	89.02	76.84
P12	71.56	77.86	96.00	94.29	68.29	65.23	77.21
P13	42.21	80.71	82.00	88.57	87.50	78.01	70.49
P14	61.63	79.29	99.00	80.00	100.00	75.92	77.77
P15	79.01	74.29	100.00	100.00	53.85	74.67	78.84
P16	90.97	78.57	100.00	100.00	63.64	47.69	82.00
P17	74.49	66.43	75.00	60.00	22.22	46.04	62.60

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表 5 模拟降雨条件下不同配比基材流失量

Table 5. Soil substrate loss of different compositions under simulated rainfall

基材编号	坡度/（°）
	25	45	60	75
	基材流失量/g
P1	452.3	1865.2	2465.7	2624.6
P6	623.8	1534.9	2015.7	2216.4
P10	513.2	1423.7	1824.6	1954.6
P15	120.5	428.3	752.1	921.3
P16	162.1	945.7	1345.8	1598.3

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