Analysis of the formation conditions of Mesozoic secondary oil and gas reservoirs in Halahatang-Hade area of the Tabei Uplift
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摘要:
塔里木盆地塔北隆起带哈拉哈塘-哈得地区中生界面积超3万km2, 处于大型单斜背景, 油气显示活跃, 具有较大的勘探潜力, 但多年来未有勘探突破。邻区中石化矿区的发现使得该区的勘探再次提上了日程。基于新处理的三维地震资料, 在分析区域地质概况的基础上, 系统分析了油源条件、走滑断裂的构造及演化特征和岩性圈闭的形成及封堵条件, 明确了该区的成藏模式及有利勘探方向。研究区中生界发育河流-三角洲沉积体系, 其中三叠系发育NE-SW向条带状三角洲砂体, 侏罗系和白垩系下部发育SE-NW向展布的叠覆浅水三角洲砂体, 白垩系上部发育大面积连片状的辫状河砂体。该区经历了3期隆升, 发育5期断层, 其中中生界的三叠系-侏罗系断层是古生界断层的伴生断层, 受古生界断层的发育控制, 雁列状NE-SW向展布。白垩系和侏罗系浅水三角洲前缘单一朵体或多个朵体披覆泥岩拼接形成了侧向遮挡, 与上倾方向断层联合形成岩性-断层圈闭, 三叠系条带状SE方向展布的三角洲砂体和大型河道弯曲部位河道外泥岩遮挡形成岩性圈闭。油气源于古生界古油藏, 通过古生界奥陶系断层泄漏后, 经中生界伴生断层直接进入中生界圈闭或经中生界断层接替输运进入圈闭而成藏。基于此, 认为本区勘探潜力区主要有北部走滑带的侏罗系-白垩系舒善河组三角洲前缘岩性油气藏、三叠系北侧的三角洲前缘砂体和南部河道砂体岩性油气藏和三叠系北部隆起区披覆小型扇体岩性油气藏。断裂组合、砂体展布及披覆泥岩遮挡3个关键控藏要素及其有效配置是塔北隆起带大型斜坡区形成有利岩性、岩性-断层复合圈闭油气藏的重要前提, 该认识为该区油气的深化勘探指明了方向, 对其他地区岩性、岩性-断层复合圈闭油气藏勘探具有借鉴意义。
Abstract:Objective The Mesozoic strata in the Halahatang-Hade area of the Tabei Uplift belt, Tarim Basin, cover an area of more than 30 000 km2. It has a large monoclinic background, with active hydrocarbon displays and great exploration potential, but no exploration breakthrough have been made for many years. The discovery of the adjacent SINOPEC mining area promoted exploration in the area.
Methods Based on the newly obtained 3D seismic data and a regional geological overview, the oil source conditions, structural and evolutionary characteristics of strike-slip faults, and formation and sealing conditions of lithologic traps were systematically analysed, and the reservoir formation pattern and favourable exploration directions in this area were clarified.
Results In this area, fluvial-delta sedimentary systems developed in the Mesozoic, including a NE-SW-trended delta sand-body developed during the Triassic, the SE-NW-directed shallow water delta sand-bodies developed during the Early Jurassic and Cretaceous, and a large scale of continuous braided river sand-body developed during Late Cretaceous. The study area had experienced three uplift episodes and five faulting episodes. The Triassic-Jurassic fault system accompanied by the Palaeozoic fault system show NE-SW-striked in echelon. The front edge of the Cretaceous and Jurassic shallow water deltas was spliced with a single body or multiple bodies covered with mudstone to form lateral occlusion, which combined with an upwards-dipping fault to form a lithology-fault trap. The Triassic striped sand-body spread in the southeast direction and formed lithology, and the mudstone shading outside the channel at the bend of the large river channel formed a lithological trap. Hydrocarbon sourced from Palaeozoic palaeo-accumulations, migrated through Palaeozoic-Ordovician faults, and directly or successively charged into the Mesozoic trap through the Mesozoic fault.
Conclusion Based on the hydrocarbon accumulation model, it is believed that the potential exploration areas in the study area mainly include the Jurassic-Cretaceous Shushan River formation Delta front lithological reservoir of the northern strike-slip zone, the delta front sand-body on the north side of the Triassic, and the southern channel sand-body lithological trap, and the northern Triassic descending area covered with small fan lithological traps. The three controlling factors, fault assemblage, sand-body distribution, and mantled mudstone shielding, and their effective allocation are important for guaranteeing the formation of favourable lithologic and lithologic fault combination traps in the large slope areas of the Tabei Uplift belt. The research results point out the direction of further hydrocarbon exploration in this area and are important for guiding hydrocarbon reservoir exploration of lithologic and lithologic fault combination traps in other areas.
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Key words:
- secondary oil and gas reservoir /
- lithologic trap /
- Mesozoic /
- Halahatang-Hade area /
- Tabei Uplift
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图 1 塔北隆起构造单元划分及研究区位置图(据文献[12]修改)
Figure 1. Subdivision of tectonic units in the Tabei Uplift and location of the study area
图 3 塔北地区不同地层中原油色谱及特征
Figure 3. Chromatography characteristics of crude oil in different formations in the Tabei area
图 4 塔北地区沥青砂岩中的固体沥青的显微照片
a.H1井，6 230 m, 透射光下的沥青(固体沥青分布在岩石颗粒之间的孔隙中)；b.HD17井，5 591 m，沥青周围液态石油；c.X3井, 5 682 m，沥青周围液态石油
Figure 4. Micrograph of the solid bitumen in the bituminous sandstone of the Tabei area
图 5 哈拉哈塘-哈得地区侏罗系顶面构造图(a)及典型剖面特征(b) (剖面位置见图 1)
Figure 5. Structural map of the Jurassic top interface (a) and typical profile characteristics (b) in the Halahatang-Hade area
图 6 哈拉哈塘-哈得地区不同时期断层发育特征(剖面位置见图 1)
a.地层及断层解释；b.不同时期断层
Figure 6. Characteristics of fault development during different periods in the Halahatang-Hade area
图 7 哈拉哈塘-哈得地区构造演化恢复(剖面位置见图 1)
Figure 7. Restoration of tectonic evolution in the Halahatang-Hade area
图 8 哈拉哈塘-哈得地区中生界(a)和古生界(b)断层平面分布及油气显示图
Figure 8. Distribution of fault planes and hydrocarabon display maps in the Mesozoic(a) and Paleozoic strata(b) of the Halahatang-Hade area
图 9 哈拉哈塘-哈得地区中生界3类沉积体系砂体发育特征
Figure 9. Development characteristics of Mesozoic sand-bodies in three types of sedimentary systems in the Halahatang-Hade area
图 10 哈拉哈塘-哈得地区中生界RP1402井岩性圈闭形成示意图
a.侏罗系含油砂体伽马属性；b.侏罗系伽马属性反演剖面(剖面位置见图 10a)；c.侏罗系顶界面构造图；d.侏罗系顶界面相干体切片；e.典型剖面断层解释(剖面位置见图 10d)
Figure 10. Illustration of the lithologic traps generation in the Mesozoic Well RP1402 of the Halahatang-Hade area
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