Orbital cycle recognition and sequence stratigraphic division of the Lower Carboniferous Dawuba Formation shales in Southwest Guizhou
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摘要: 【目的】黔西南下石炭统打屋坝组发育了一套极具勘探潜力的页岩地层,然而,对该套地层层序划分方案不统一,层序发育机制认识不清,一定程度制约了非常规油气勘探的发展。因此,本文针对该套页岩地层开展旋回地层学与层序地层学研究,旨在从天文旋回的角度,实现对页岩“定量”层序地层的划分。【方法】选取黔水地1井(1457-2466 m)为研究对象,以自然伽马测井曲线为替代指标,采用时间序列分析、INPEFA分析和小波分析等方法,开展旋回地层学分析与层序地层学研究。【结果】黔西南下石炭统打屋坝组页岩地层有明显的天文周期信号,经COCO估算出该套地层的最优沉积速率为16.4 cm/ka,匹配的66.42 m沉积厚度代表405 ka长偏心率周期。对黔水地1井GR分段(1457-1932 m和1932-2466 m),再次进行频谱分析和天文检验,估算出上段最优沉积速率为16.5 cm/ka,下段为11.2 cm/ka。分段滤波结果显示,打屋坝组一共记录了19个长偏心率周期;以此建立了打屋坝组的“浮动”天文年代标尺,估算出打屋坝组持续时限约7.86 Ma。通过建立研究层段的沉积噪音模型(DYNOT和ρ1),恢复打屋坝组相对海平面变化曲线。在旋回地层学研究建立时间框架的基础上,根据相对海平面变化曲线的极值,并结合INPEFA分析和小波分析的结果,对黔水地1井进行三级层序界面和最大海泛面的识别。黔水地1井打屋坝组共识别了6个三级层序界面,划分出5个三级层序,并认为三级层序的发育受控于稳定的约1.2 Ma斜率振幅调制周期。【结论】将旋回地层学的研究方法应用于黔西南地区下石炭统打屋坝组页岩地层的层序划分中,探讨不同时间尺度下天文轨道参数与相对海平面变化的关系,实现三级及四级层序地层的划分。旋回地层学为海相页岩万年时间尺度的等时对比提供了可能,为页岩油气勘探中优质烃源岩发育层段预测提供精细的年代框架,为页岩地层的油气勘探提供理论指导。Abstract: 【Objective】The Lower Carboniferous Dawuba Formation in southwest Guizhou has developed a set of shale with great exploration potential. However, the scheme of sequence stratigraphic division is not unitive and the understanding of sequence development mechanism is unclear, which restricts the promotion of unconventional oil and gas exploration. Therefore, this paper carries out cyclostratigraphic analysis and sequence stratigraphy research on this set of shale stratum, aiming to realize the "quantitative" stratigraphic division of shale from the perspective of orbital cycles.【Methods】The Well QSD-1 (1457-2466 m) was selected as the research object, and the gamma ray logging curve was used as the proxy index, the cyclostratigraphic analysis and sequence stratigraphy were carried out by using time series analysis, INPEFA analysis and wavelet analysis.【Results】Obvious orbital cycles have been recognized of the Lower Carboniferous Dawuba Formation shales in Southwest Guizhou. The optimal sedimentation rate of the stratum was estimated by COCO is 16.4 cm/ka, and the matching sedimentation thickness of 66.42 m represents the long eccentricity cycle of 405 ka. Spectral analysis was conducted again for GR series (1457-1932 m and 1932-2466 m) of Well QSD-1, and the optimal sedimentation rate was estimated to be 16.5 cm/ka in the upper section and 11.2 cm/ka in the lower section. The filtering results show that 19 long eccentricity cycles are recorded in Dawuba Formation. The "floating" astronomical time scale of Dawuba Formation is established, and the duration of Dawuba Formation is estimated to be about 7.86Ma. The relative sea level change curve of Dawuba Formation is restored by establishing the sedimentary noise model (DYNOT and ρ1) of the research interval. Based on the age framework established by the cyclostratigraphic research, according to the extreme value of the relative sea level change curve, combined with the results of INPEFA analysis and wavelet analysis, the third-level sequence boundary and the maximum flooding surface of Well QSD-1 were recognized. Six third-order sequence boundaries and five third-order sequences were recognized in Well QSD-1 Dawuba Formation, and the development of third-order sequences were correlated by obliquity amplitude modulation (AM) cycle (~1.2 Ma). 【Conclusion】The research method of cyclostratigraphy is applied to the stratigraphic division of Lower Carboniferous Dawuba Formation shale in southwest Guizhou, and the relationship between astronomical orbit parameters and relative sea level changes at different time scales is discussed, and the third and fourth order stratigraphy are divided. Cyclostratigraphic provides the possibility for the correlation of marine shales on the ten thousand years time scale, provides a fine age framework for the prediction of high-quality source rock development intervals in shale oil and gas exploration, and provides theoretical guidance for oil and gas exploration in shale.
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