Three-dimensional characterization of natural gas heterogeneity controlled by gypsum-salt layer in the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo area, Sichuan Basin
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摘要:
膏岩层控气是重要的天然气富集成藏模式，现有膏岩层控气研究集中于实验测试与定性描述，缺乏对膏盐层分布的三维表征。为此，研发了膏盐层与气水层井震结合相控三维建模新技术，具体包括膏盐层测井解释及相控三维建模、膏盐层地震遗传反演三维建模、膏盐层井震结合三维建模、沉积微相控制的气水层三维建模及膏盐层与气水层三维融合建模5个关键技术环节，应用于分析四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组膏盐层的控气性，建立了膏盐层与气水层井震结合相控三维模型，定量刻画了研究区内膏盐层的控气非均质性，实现了对膏盐层控气的三维可视化定量表征。结果表明：铁山坡飞仙关组膏盐层平面上除Ⅰ区和Ⅱ区中部局部范围外，其余大部分区域呈连续片状分布，纵向上具有多层、薄层、厚度强非均质分布等特征；呈现出封盖控气性、降储控气性和使气藏复杂化3类控气特征模式，显示了研究区膏盐层控气的强非均质性。研究成果为研究区天然气非均衡规模高效开发提供了可靠的模型基础与地质认识。
Abstract:Objective Natural gas heterogeneity controlled by gypsum-salt layers is a significant model for enrichment and accumulation. While previous studies have primarily focused on experimental testing and qualitative descriptions, they have lacked three-dimensional characterization of the gypsum-salt layers distribution. This study proposes a novel three-dimensional modeling technique that integrates well-seismic data with sedimentary microfacies control in both the gypsum-salt layer and the gas-water layer.
Methods The proposed technique encompasses five key technical aspects: (1) logging interpretation and 3D modeling of the gypsum-salt layer controlled by sedimentary microfacies, (2) seismic genetic inversion-based 3D modeling of the gypsum-salt layer guided by sedimentary microfacies, (3) well-seismically integrated 3D modeling of the gypsum-salt layer, (4) 3D modeling of gas-water distribution influenced by sedimentary microfacies, and (5) fusion-based 3D modeling of both the gypsum-salt and gas-water layers.
Results This method was applied to assess the influence of the gypsum-salt layer within the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo gas field of the Sichuan Basin on gas accumulation characteristics. Accurate 3D geological models were constructed that integrate well-seismic data with sedimentary microfacies control for both the gypsum-salt and gas-water layers. The results indicated that, except for some localized areas, a continuous distribution was observed across most regions of the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo area. Additionally, the formation exhibited multilayered characteristics with significant longitudinal thickness heterogeneity. Three distinct models were developed to illustrate the effects of gas capping, reduced gas storage capacity, and complex reservoir conditions resulting from the heterogeneous influence of the gypsum-salt layer.
Conclusion These findings provide essential geological insights that can inform the development of effective strategies targeting natural gas reserves at non-equilibrium scales.
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图 1 四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组天然气藏区域位置(a)及N3单井综合柱状图(b)
Figure 1. Locations of natural gas reservoirs in the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo area, Sichuan Basin (a) and single-well N3 composite column chart (b)
图 2 膏盐层与气水层井震结合相控三维建模技术流程
Figure 2. Integration of well-seismic facies controls in the 3D modeling process of gypsum-salt layers and gas-water interfaces
图 3 四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组沉积微相与膏岩层测井解释及相控三维建模成果
Figure 3. Results of 3D modeling for sedimentary microfacies and interpretation of gypsum-salt layer logging controlled by sedimentary microfacies in the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpoarea, Sichuan Basin
图 4 四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组膏盐层井震结合三维建模成果
a. 地震反演石膏成果图；b. 膏盐层地震三维模型；c. 膏盐层三维模型；Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ为膏盐层的3个断块区
Figure 4. Results of well-seismic integrated 3D modeling of the gypsum-salt layer in the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo area, Sichuan Basin
图 5 四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组膏盐层与气水层融合三维建模成果
Figure 5. Results of 3D fusion modeling of gypsum-salt layer and gas-water layer distribution in the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo area, Sichuan Basin
图 6 四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组膏盐层与气水层三维模型剖分成果图
a. 铁山坡飞仙关组沿a线三维模型剖面图；b. 铁山坡飞仙关组沿b线三维模型剖面图；c. 铁山坡飞仙关组沿c线三维模型剖面图；d. 铁山坡飞仙关组沿d线三维模型剖面图；e. 铁山坡飞仙关组顶面构造等值线图
Figure 6. Section view of the 3D model of gypsum-salt layer and the gas-water layer distribution in the Feixianguan Fromation in the Tieshanpo area, Sichuan Basin
图 7 四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组膏盐岩影响储层发育的岩心照片（以N2井为例）
a. 石灰岩夹块状石膏，
4174.18 ～4174.24 m；b. 层状石膏与石灰岩互层，4173.43 ～4173.53 m；c. 层状石膏与白云岩互层，4166.23 ～4166.29 m；d. 白云岩夹块状石膏，4163.34 ～4163.43 mFigure 7. Core image of the gypsum-salt mixture in the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo area, Sichuan Basin
表 1 四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组膏盐层、气/水层测录井解释成果统计
Table 1. Statistical analysis of gypsum-salt layer and gas-water layer well logging in the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo area, Sichuan Basin
井名 层类型 层数/层 累计厚
度/m最大单层
厚度/m最小单层
厚度/m日产气量/
104m3日产水
量/m3N1 膏盐层 0 0.0 0.0 0.0 39.2 0.0 气/水层 5/0 137.6/0.0 103.0/0.0 3.3/0.0 N2 膏盐层 5 16.5 4.0 1.0 30.3 0.0 气/水层 5/0 58.5/0.0 43.1/0.0 1.5/0.0 N3 膏盐层 10 24.5 4.0 1.0 0.0 13.7 气/水层 0/1 0.0/56.6 0.0/56.6 0.0/56.6 N4 膏盐层 8 47.5 14.0 1.0 0.0 2.4 气/水层 0/1 0/20.0 0.0/20.0 0.0/20.0 
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表 2 四川盆地铁山坡飞仙关组井震结合三维模型中膏盐层分布特征参数统计
Table 2. Summary of 3D modeling results of the gypsum-salt layer in the Feixianguan Formation in the Tieshanpo area, Sichuan Basin
断块区 断块区面积/
km2膏盐/气层覆盖
面积/km2膏盐/气层覆盖
比例/%膏盐/气层平均
厚度/m膏盐/气层最大
厚度/m膏盐/气层最小
厚度/m膏盐/气层厚度
标准差Ⅰ 3.69 0.72/3.51 19.5/95.1 0.64/10.21 21.67/40.10 0/0.14 2.12/8.12 Ⅱ 20.48 15.97/8.84 78.0/43.2 7.07/44.10 65.39/185.38 0/0 7.57/28.42 Ⅲ 16.55 16.55/3.85 100/23.3 22.34/102.76 70.15/380.77 0/0 10.73/66.83
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