集中补给条件对岩溶地下河水文过程及污染响应的影响

周志浩; 罗明明; 陈静; 彭翔宇; 赵泽浩; 赵文慧

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230566

集中补给条件对岩溶地下河水文过程及污染响应的影响

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230566

中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院，武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金面上项目（42172276）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（41807199）

详细信息

作者简介:
周志浩：E-mail：theosweet@cug.edu.cn

通讯作者:
E-mail：luomingming@cug.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 24
- PDF下载量: 1
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-10-11
- 录用日期: 2023-12-21
- 修回日期: 2023-12-18
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21

Effects of concentrated recharge conditions on hydrological processes and pollution responses of karst underground rivers

School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：theosweet@cug.edu.cn

Corresponding author: E-mail：luomingming@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
集中补给条件往往对岩溶地下河的水量和水质有显著影响，因此明晰不同集中补给条件对其的影响具有重要意义。本研究基于水文地球化学调查，对鄂西青龙口地下河系统的落水洞入口和地下河出口同步进行水文和水化学动态监测，探讨了不同补给条件对地下河水量和水质的影响。结果表明：补给强度和土壤含水率直接控制着落水洞的产汇流过程及岩溶地下河的流量响应，未达到阈值的降雨事件不会引起地下河流量响应；降雨集中汇流至落水洞入口的过程中，各水化学离子浓度均有明显的提高，而青龙口地下河出口水化学响应受补给强度影响，强降雨下地下河受落水洞入口水化学离子浓度富集影响强烈；降雨后的水质波动主要源于降雨形成地表径流携带的面源污染，暴雨后的总无机氮和磷酸盐在落水洞口出现聚集，集中补给输入的污染物对地下河产生直接污染，浓度可达天然背景值的2～3倍；水化学响应中氨氮先于硝态氮进入岩溶水循环，地下河系统出口的硝态氮和总无机氮通量相较入口有所增加，氨氮通量随补给时间逐渐减少，推测管道内发生了硝化反应。本研究结果可为岩溶地下河的污染防控和水环境治理提供科学依据。
- 岩溶地下河 /
- 水化学 /
- 污染响应 /
- 集中补给
Abstract: Objective
Concentrated recharge conditions often significantly impact the water quantity and quality of karst underground rivers. Therefore, it is of great importance to clarify the effects of different concentrated recharge conditions on these aspects.
Methods
Based on hydrogeochemical surveys, this study simultaneously monitored the hydrological and hydrochemical dynamics at the sinkhole entrance and underground river outlet of the QLK underground river system in western Hubei, to explore the impacts of different recharge conditions on the water quantity and quality of the underground river.
Results
The results show that recharge intensity and soil moisture content directly control the generation and convergence processes of flow within the sinkhole, as well as the flow response of the karst underground river system. Rainfall events that do not reach a threshold will not trigger a flow response in the underground river.As concentrated runoff converges towards the sinkhole entrance, the concentrations of various hydrochemical ions increase significantly.The hydrochemical response observed at the outlet of the QLK underground river system is influenced by the intensity of recharge. Under heavy rainfall conditions, this response is further intensified due to the enrichment of hydrochemical ion concentrations at the sinkhole entrance.Following heavy rainfall, TIN (Total Inorganic Nitrogen) and phosphates accumulate at the sinkhole entrance, leading to concentrations that are 2 to 3 times higher than the natural background levels. Pollutants introduced through concentrated recharge directly contaminate the underground river. In the hydrochemical response, N-${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $ enters the karst water cycle prior to N-${\mathrm{NO}}_3^- $, and the fluxes of nitrate and TIN increase at the outlet of the underground river system relative to the inlet. Meanwhile, the flux of ammonium N-${\mathrm{NH}}_4^+ $ gradually decreases over time as recharge occurs, suggesting nitrification reactions within the conduits.
Conclusion
The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for pollution prevention and control, as well as water environmental management of karst underground rivers.
- Karst spring /
- Hydrochemistry /
- Pollutant /
- Concentrated recharge

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图 1 青龙口地下河系统水文地质图

Figure 1. Hydrogeologic map of the study area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 青龙口地下河系统A−A'水文地质剖面图（剖面A−A'位置见图1）

Figure 2. A−A' hydrogeologic profile of the study area

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图 3 青龙口地下河系统水文动态响应变化图（1～8. 降雨事件编号）

Figure 3. Changes in the hydrologic dynamic response of the underground river system at Qinglongkou

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同补给强度下落水洞1和落水洞2水化学组分对降雨的响应

Figure 4. Response of water chemistry components to rainfall at different recharge intensities in Falling Water Cave 1 and Falling Water Cave 2

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 不同补给强度下青龙口地下河水化学组分对降雨的响应

Figure 5. Response of chemical components of underground river water in Qinglongkou to rainfall under different recharge intensities

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 不同补给强度下输入与输出通量对比

R. 落水洞输入通量与青龙口输出通量变化的比值

Figure 6. Input versus output fluxes at different recharge intensities

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表 1 青龙口地下河系统降雨流量响应情况

Table 1. Changes in the hydrologic dynamic response of the underground river system at Qinglongkou

降雨编号	降雨时间	次降雨量/mm	最大降雨强度/(mm‧h⁻¹)	落水洞1产流情况	落水洞2产流情况	青龙口流量响应情况
降雨事件1	2022/6/18 14：00	9	7	产流	未产流	未响应
降雨事件2	2022/6/19 13：00	16	12.5	产流	产流	响应
降雨事件3	2022/6/22 23：00	6	3.5	未产流	未产流	未响应
降雨事件4	2022/6/23 11：00	15.5	5.5	未产流	产流	响应
降雨事件5	2022/6/27 05：00	67	25	产流	产流	响应
降雨事件6	2022/6/30 17：00	6	3.5	未产流	未产流	未响应
降雨事件7	2022/7/1 15：00	21.5	17.5	产流	产流	响应
降雨事件8	2023/6/16 08：00	68.5	5.5	产流	产流	响应

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表 2 青龙口地下河主要离子质量浓度特征统计

Table 2. Characteristic statistics of mass concentration of major ions in the underground river of Qinglongkou

	项目	pH	ρ_B/(mg‧L⁻¹)
	项目	pH	TDS	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	${\mathrm{SO}}_4^{2-} $	Cl^-	${\mathrm{HCO}}_3^- $	${\mathrm{PO}}_4^{3-} $	TIN
弱降雨(降雨事件4)	最小值	7.85	195.30	0.93	1.80	46.14	20.19	13.67	1.84	201.67	0.00	7.00
	最大值	8.05	231.56	1.79	2.34	52.18	23.51	15.44	2.81	260.04	0.17	10.20
	平均值	7.96	213.80	1.15	1.94	49.66	21.81	14.59	2.08	228.20	0.06	8.50
	标准差	0.07	11.39	0.19	0.16	2.12	1.20	0.46	0.24	17.56	0.05	0.67
	变异系数/%	0.83	5.33	16.19	8.11	4.27	5.51	3.18	11.70	7.70	78.86	7.89
强降雨(降雨事件5)	最小值	7.56	175.08	1.07	1.44	39.98	17.07	10.81	1.72	173.36	0.09	8.88
	最大值	7.96	246.03	3.16	2.72	55.91	25.15	16.40	3.17	267.12	0.56	19.08
	平均值	7.80	198.93	1.57	1.78	45.34	19.48	13.13	2.20	202.16	0.34	14.60
	标准差	0.10	19.18	0.43	0.28	4.80	2.56	1.83	0.32	23.78	0.10	2.66
	变异系数/%	1.32	9.64	27.64	15.67	10.58	13.14	13.97	14.44	11.76	30.05	18.23

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