Identification of karst micropaleogeomorphology and reservoir characteristics of Maokou Formation in Yunjin area, South Sichuan
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摘要:
川南地区下二叠统茅口组岩溶储层发育，是川南常规油气勘探关键层系。表生岩溶型储层发育程度直接受控于丰富多变的岩溶微地貌，所形成的岩溶储层横向非均质性强。利用三维地震资料，结合地层厚度、梯度结构张量属性和地质体雕刻技术刻画了云锦地区东吴期岩溶微地貌特征，并通过模型正演和振幅属性，预测了表生岩溶储层有利区带。研究结果表明：①云锦地区在东吴期岩溶微地貌差异大，发育一系列岩溶塌陷体，在地震上表现为茅口组顶界地震同相轴“下拉”的特征；②利用梯度结构张量属性结合地质体雕刻技术有效刻画了云锦向斜区岩溶塌陷体，分析了其展布规律，平面上呈孤立、线状或连片3种展布方式；③岩溶塌陷体边缘两侧地震振幅减弱区，岩溶作用强烈，溶蚀孔洞发育，为储层发育有利区带。研究成果对后续川南云锦地区茅口组储层预测工作具有指导意义。
Abstract:Objective The development of karst reservoirs in the Maokou Formation of the Lower Permian in southern Sichuan is a key formation for conventional oil and gas exploration in southern Sichuan. The development level of supergene karst reservoirs is directly controlled by the rich and varied karst microgeomorphology, resulting in strong lateral heterogeneity of karst reservoirs.
Methods This paper uses 3-D seismic data, combined with strata thickness, gradient structure tensor attributes, and geological body carving techniques, to characterize the microgeomorphic characteristics of Dongwu karst in the Yunjin area. Predicting favorable zones for surface karst reservoirs through model forward modeling and amplitude attributes.
Results Research suggests that:①The Yunjin area had significant differences in karst micro- geomorphology during the Dongwu period, with a series of karst caves developed, which exhibited a seismic feature of "pull-down" of the seismic event event axis at the top boundary of the Maokou Formation;②Effectively characterizing the distribution pattern of karst collapse bodies in Yunjin syncline area using gradient structure tensor attributes combined with geological body carving technology. There are three distribution patterns of karst collapse bodies on the plane: isolated, linear, or contiguous;③The seismic amplitude on both sides of the edge of the karst collapse body is weakened, and the karst process is strong, with the development of karst caves, which is a favorable zone for reservoir development.
Conclusion This research result has guiding significance for the subsequent prediction of Maokou Formation reservoirs.
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图 1 过云锦地区垂直构造方向地震剖面（a）及构造图（b）
Figure 1. Vertical structural seismic section (a) and structural map (b) in the Yunjin area
图 2 云锦地区茅口组时间厚度与断裂叠合图
Figure 2. Time thickness and fault overlap map of Maokou Formation in Yunjin area
图 4 云锦地区茅口组顶界地震相干属性剖面（a）及梯度结构张量属性剖面（b）图
Figure 4. Coherent attribute section (a) and gradient structure tensor attribute section (b) of the Maokou Formation top boundary earthquake in Yunjin area
图 5 云锦地区茅口组岩溶塌陷体空间展布图
Figure 5. Spatial distribution map of karst collapse bodies in Maokou Formation of Yunjin area
图 6 不同尺度岩溶塌陷体储层正演模型（a）及储层地震反射特征（b）图
Figure 6. Forward modeling of karst collapse reservoirs at different scales (a) and seismic reflection characteristics of reservoirs (b)
图 7 云锦地区茅口组顶界均方根振幅属性与梯度结构张量属性叠合平面图
Figure 7. Overlapping Plan of Root Mean Square Amplitude and Gradient Structure Tensor Properties at the Top Boundary of Maokou Formation in Yunjin Area
表 1 正演岩溶塌陷体发育尺度
Table 1. Scale for the development of karst collapse bodies in forward modeling
尺度 ①号岩溶
塌陷体②号岩溶
塌陷体③号岩溶
塌陷体④号岩溶
塌陷体⑤号岩溶
塌陷体直径/m 40 80 120 160 160 深度/m 15 18 21 24 24 
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