Abstract: [Objective] Thermal structure analyses in the Songliao Basin are mostly confined to the sedimentary scale in the north-south zoning, and the lack of basin-wide thermal structure portrayal at the lithospheric scale constrains the genesis analysis in a geodynamic background. [Methods]Based on the published parameters of surface heat flow, geothermal gradient and thermophysical properties, this paper supplements the thermophysical properties of Yaojia Formation, Qingshankou Formation and Quantou Formation, and adds several geothermal field data to comprehensively characterize the geothermal field of the whole Songliao Basin, and analyze the characteristics of the present-day lithospheric thermal structure. [Results]The results show that the geothermal gradient in Songliao Basin ranges from 21.10 to 63.45℃/km, with an average value of 41.41℃/km, which is higher than the global average value of 30℃/km; the distribution of surface heat flow values ranges from 30.38 to 106.58mW/m2, with an average value of 71.85mW/m2, which is higher than the global average value of 60mW/m2 and belongs to a typical "hot" basin. Under the influence of the Pacific plate subduction, the delamination and thermal erosion made the thinned thickness of the thermal lithosphere of 58.59 km. The heat flow contribution by radioactive elements in the thinned crust is only 16.40 mW/m2, accounting for 22.83% of the surface heat flow; and under the influence of the dehydration of the stagnant plate, part of the molten mantle heat material is upwelled, the mantle heat flow contributes as high as 55.45 mW/m2, accounting for 77.17% of the surface heat flow. [Conclusion] Therefore, controlled by lithospheric thinning and mantle upwelling, the Songliao Basin has "hot" basin properties and "hot mantle and cold crust" lithospheric thermal structure characteristics.