川西南自贡地区二叠系茅口组储层裂缝特征及期次演化

马珂欣; 胡明毅; 史今雄; 邓庆杰

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230613

川西南自贡地区二叠系茅口组储层裂缝特征及期次演化

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230613

马珂欣^{a, b,},
胡明毅^{a, b, ,},
史今雄^{a, b},
邓庆杰^{a, b}

a.
长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100
b.
长江大学油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430100

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 42202161

详细信息

作者简介:
马珂欣, E-mail: 1758753040@qq.com

通讯作者:
胡明毅，E-mail：humingyi65@163.com

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 249
- PDF下载量: 12
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-01
- 录用日期: 2024-01-18
- 修回日期: 2024-01-05

Characteristics and formation period of fractures in the reservoirs of Permian Maokou Formation, Zigong area, Southwest Sichuan Basin

MA Kexin^{a, b
,},
HU Mingyi^{a, b
, ,},
SHI Jinxiong^{a, b},
DENG Qingjie^{a, b}

a.
School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
b.
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China

More Information

Author Bio:
MA Kexin, E-mail: 1758753040@qq.com

Corresponding author: HU Mingyi, E-mail: humingyi65@163.com

摘要

摘要:
四川盆地自贡地区二叠系茅口组海相碳酸盐岩储层裂缝普遍发育, 对储层的储集性能、渗流规律和油气富集具有重要影响。综合利用岩心、薄片、成像测井及分析测试等资料, 明确裂缝成因类型及发育特征, 分析裂缝形成时间, 确定裂缝形成期次。结果表明: 自贡地区茅口组海相碳酸盐岩储层发育构造剪切裂缝、构造张性裂缝、水平层理缝和成岩缝合线; 构造剪切裂缝为茅口组储层主要裂缝类型, 以NEE和NNE走向为主, 裂缝倾角介于20°~80°, 延伸长度小于60 cm, 充填程度较低, 有效性较好; 结合分析测试资料确定自贡地区茅口组储层裂缝形成于3期构造运动: 第1期为海西晚期-印支早期, 在华南板块顺时针运动派生的SW向应力作用下, 发育少量剪切裂缝, 裂缝多被矿物充填, 属于裂缝次要发育时期; 第2期形成于燕山晚期-喜山早期, 在江南雪峰隆起产生的NW向应力作用下发育大量构造裂缝, 是研究区裂缝主要形成时期; 第3期为喜山晚期, 裂缝形成于印度洋板块碰撞产生的NEE向挤压应力下, 且裂缝多无充填, 有效性较好。通过上述裂缝相关研究, 为研究区有利勘探区带确立提供了依据。
- 裂缝 /
- 储层 /
- 发育特征 /
- 形成期次 /
- 海相碳酸盐岩 /
- 茅口组 /
- 自贡地区
Abstract: Objective
Fractures commonly occur in the marine carbonate reservoirs of Permian Maokou Formation in Zigong area of Sichuan Basin and have important impacts on reservoir properties, seepage patterns and hydrocarbon enrichment.
Methods
Cores, thin sections, image logs and experimental test data were used to clarify the type of fracture genesis and development characteristics, analyse the time of fracture formation, and determine the period of fracture formation.
Results
The results show that the marine carbonate reservoirs of Maokou Formation in Zigong area are divided into two types, namely, tectonic fractures and diagenetic fractures, among which the tectonic fractures include tectonic shear fractures and tectonic tensile fractures, and the diagenetic fractures include horizontal bedding fractures and diagenetic sutures. Tectonic shear fractures dominate Maokou Formation reservoir and occur mainly in the NEE and NNE directions. The fracture inclination angle ranges from 20° to 80°, and the extension length is less than 60 cm. The fracture degree of filling is low, and the validity is good. Combined with the analysis and test data, the reservoir fractures of Maokou Formation in Zigong area were determined to have formed by 3 stages of structural movement. The first stage included the late Hercynian and early Indosinian periods, approximately 240-220 Ma. Under the SW stress derived from the clockwise movement of the South China Plate, a small number of shear fractures developed, and the fractures were mostly filled with minerals, representing the secondary development period of fractures. The second stage occurred in the late Yanshan-early Himalayan period, approximately 78-69 Ma, and a large number of tectonic fractures developed under the NW-trending stress generated by the Xuefeng uplift in Jiangnan, which was the main period of fracture formation in the study area. The third period was the late Himalayan period, approximately 13-0 Ma. Fractures were formed under the NEE compressive stress generated by the collision of Indian Ocean Plate, and most of the fractures were unfilled, indicating good effectiveness.
Conclusion
The above fracture-related research provides the basis for establishing favourable exploration zones in the study area.
- fracture /
- reservoir /
- development characteristics /
- formation period /
- marine carbonate rock /
- Maokou Formation /
- Zigong area
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 四川盆地构造划分(a)、自贡地区地理位置图(b)及综合柱状图(c)

Figure 1. Tectonic division of Sichuan Basin(a), geographical location (b) and comprehensive histogram (c) of Zigong area

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图 2 自贡地区茅口组储层岩心观察裂缝特征照片

a.一组产状相同的构造剪切裂缝(见黄色箭头)，富页2井，埋深3 115.83 m；b.构造剪切裂缝缝面平直，延伸较长，产状稳定，自贡1井，埋深3 045.24 m；c.构造剪切裂缝被溶蚀，威阳17井，埋深1 764.60 m；d.构造张性裂缝近直立发育，富页3井，埋深2 845.74 m；e.水平层理缝，横向连续性较差，裂缝尾部可见分叉，自贡1井，埋深3 293.82 m；f.顺层缝合线，与层面小角度斜交，缝面为锯齿状，音11井，埋深4 049.5 m

Figure 2. Photographs of observed fracture characteristics of the reservoir cores in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 3 自贡地区茅口组储层裂缝微观特征照片

a.一组平行发育的构造剪切裂缝(4条)(见黄色箭头)，音5井，埋深4 195.65 m；b.构造剪切裂缝切穿生物结构(见红色箭头)，威阳17井，埋深1 741.60 m；c.构造剪切裂缝存在充填差异，威阳17井，埋深1 768.78 m；d.构造剪切裂缝发生溶蚀，缝宽变大，威阳17井，埋深1 700.55 m；e.构造张性裂缝缝面不规则，威阳17井，埋深1 681.97 m；f.锯齿状缝合线，自贡1井，埋深3 074.62 m

Figure 3. Photographs of fracture microscopic characteristics of Maokou Formation reservoirs in Zigong area

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图 4 自贡地区茅口组构造剪切裂缝成像测井识别

a.2条产状相同的构造裂缝，自贡1井；b.多组不同产状裂缝相交形成裂缝网络，吉富1井

Figure 4. Tectonic shear fractures imaging and logging identification in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 5 自贡地区茅口组构造剪切裂缝特征参数(N为样本数)

a.构造剪切裂缝走向玫瑰花图; b.构造剪切裂缝倾向玫瑰花图; c.构造剪切裂缝倾角频率分布直方图; d.构造剪切裂缝延伸长度频率分布直方图

Figure 5. Characteristic parameters of tectonic shear fractures in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 6 自贡地区茅口组构造剪切裂缝充填程度及裂缝密度图

a.构造剪切裂缝充填程度；b.构造剪切裂缝充填物类型；c.各走向构造剪切裂缝充填程度；d.裂缝密度频数分布直方图

Figure 6. Tectonic shear fracture filling degree and fracture density in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 7 自贡地区茅口组构造裂缝充填物碳氧同位素交汇图

Figure 7. Carbon and oxygen isotope intersections of tectonic fracture fillings in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 8 自贡地区茅口组岩石声发射实验结果

Figure 8. Results of acoustic emission experiments on rocks in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 9 自贡地区茅口组裂缝方解石充填物流体包裹体特征

a.自贡1井，埋深3 295.66 m; b.富页2井，埋深3 115.25 m; c.富页3井，埋深2 837.31 m; 黄色箭头及数值指示样品盐水包裹体及其均一温度(℃)

Figure 9. Characterization of fluid inclusions in fractured calcite filling in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 10 自贡地区茅口组流体包裹体均一温度频数分布直方图

Figure 10. Histogram of homogenized temperature distribution of fluid inclusions in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 11 自贡地区茅口组埋藏-地温史曲线(a)及构造裂缝形成机制(b)

S.志留纪；D.泥盆纪；C.石炭纪；P.二叠纪；T.三叠纪；J.侏罗纪；K.白垩纪；E.古近纪；N.新近纪；Q.第四纪；T₁ f.飞仙关组；T₁j.嘉陵江组

Figure 11. Burial-geothermal history curves(a) and fracture formation mechanism(b) in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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图 12 自贡地区茅口组岩心、薄片裂缝交切关系

a.晚期无充填裂缝切割早期充填裂缝，富页3井，埋深2 900.44 m；b.被切割裂缝发生错动，音22井，茅口组，埋深4 135.20 m；c.早期充填裂缝限制晚期充填裂缝，富页2井，埋深3 121.89 m；d.一组充填裂缝切割另一组充填裂缝，威阳17井，埋深1 692.67 m；e.一组未充填裂缝切割另一组充填裂缝，音5井，埋深4 095.56 m；f.裂缝共轭相交，音5井，埋深4 210.37 m

Figure 12. Fracture intersection relationships of cores and thin sections in Maokou Formation, Zigong area

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