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“9·5”泸定地震人口密集区域地震诱发滑坡空间分布规律

宋静园 刘洋 董秀军 袁阳杰

宋静园,刘洋,董秀军,等. “9·5”泸定地震人口密集区域地震诱发滑坡空间分布规律[J]. 地质科技通报,2025,44(0):1-13 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230619
引用本文: 宋静园,刘洋,董秀军,等. “9·5”泸定地震人口密集区域地震诱发滑坡空间分布规律[J]. 地质科技通报,2025,44(0):1-13 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230619
SONG Jingyuan,LIU Yang,DONG Xiujun,et al. Spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslide in densely populated area of the Luding 9·5 earthquake[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2025,44(0):1-13 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230619
Citation: SONG Jingyuan,LIU Yang,DONG Xiujun,et al. Spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslide in densely populated area of the Luding 9·5 earthquake[J]. Bulletin of Geological Science and Technology,2025,44(0):1-13 doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230619

“9·5”泸定地震人口密集区域地震诱发滑坡空间分布规律

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230619
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目(42072306)
详细信息
    作者简介:

    宋静园:E-mail:2990732818@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    E-mail:274597918@qq.com

  • 中图分类号: P618.51

Spatial distribution of earthquake-induced landslide in densely populated area of the Luding 9·5 earthquake

More Information
  • 摘要:

    研究地震诱发滑坡的空间分布规律,不仅能为灾区地质灾害隐患排查、灾情评估等提供重要依据,同时对后期灾后重建、灾后安置选址以及地质灾害防治等工作具有重要意义。以2022年9月5日四川甘孜泸定县Ms6.8级地震为例,首先基于获取得到的震后0.2 m分辨率光学影像(digital orthophoto map,简称DOM)和0.5 m分辨率的数字高程模型(digital elevation matrix,简称DEM),采用人工目视三维遥感解译地震诱发滑坡,再结合野外调查修正,确定最终地震诱发滑坡数量,并在此基础上分析地形地貌、地质构造、地震因子等地质背景与地震诱发滑坡分布的关系。结果表明:①此次泸定地震事件在约680 km2的研究区内引发了9248处滑坡,以中、小型滑坡为主,滑坡面积密度最高集中在鲜水河断裂、大渡河断裂以及锦屏山断裂3条断裂交汇处;滑坡总面积约45.57 km2,平均滑坡面积可达4941 m2;②本次地震滑坡分布主要受地面峰值加速度PGA以及断裂构造影响,多分布在PGA> 0.6 g,距发震断裂两侧1 km范围内;此外滑坡的发育还与距水系及道路距离呈负相关;局部受地形因素影响主要发育在高程12002400 m,坡度30°~60°,坡向E及SE向上,且地层岩性多为硬岩;③此次泸定地震的滑坡数量及面积与震级关系也遵循指数分布;同时由于此次解译基础数据精度较高,解译得到的地震滑坡数量相比于其他文献而言更多,最小面积更小,总面积更大。本研究成果已应用于泸定地震灾区的灾后恢复重建工作。

     

  • 图 1  研究区概况 (a)研究区位置 (b)研究区地震烈度图 (c)研究区历史地震及断裂带分布图

    Figure 1.  Overview of the study area (a) Location of the study area (b) Seismic intensity map of the study area (c) Distribution map of historical earthquakes and fault zones in the study area

    图 2  泸定地震解译滑坡

    Figure 2.  Interpretation of the landslide by the Luding earthquake

    图 3  泸定地震滑坡的主要类型

    Figure 3.  Main types of landslides in the Luding earthquake

    图 4  研究区地震滑坡分布图

    a. 地震滑坡与PGA空间分布;b. 滑坡面密度空间分布;PGA. 地面峰值加速度,下同

    Figure 4.  Spatial distribution map of the earthquake landslide in the study area

    图 5  地震滑坡面密度、高程、地层岩性的剖面图(剖面位置见图4b)

    Figure 5.  Profile of area density, elevation and stratum lithology of coseismic landslide

    图 6  地震滑坡与地形、地震以及地质因子关系分布图

    Figure 6.  Distribution of relationship between earthquake landslide and topographic factors, earthquake factors and geological factors

    图 7  地震滑坡与地形因子、地震因子以及地质因子关系统计图

    Figure 7.  Statistical plot of the relationship between earthquake landslides and topographic, seismic and geological factors

    图 8  不同地震事件诱发的滑坡对比

    Figure 8.  Comparison of landslides induced by different earthquake events

    表  1  地震滑坡控制因子分级

    Table  1.   Classification of controlling factors of earthquake-induced landslides

    因子类型 因子名称 因子分级
    地形地貌 高程/m < 1000, [1000, 1200), [1200, 1400), [1400, 1600), [1600, 1800), [1800, 2000), [2000, 2200),
    [2200, 2400], [2400, 2600), [2600, 2800), [2800, 3000], > 3000
    坡度/(°) < 25, [25, 30), [30, 35), [35, 40), [40, 45), [45, 50), [50, 55), [55, 60), [60, 65), [65, 70], > 70
    坡向 平面,N, NE, E, SE, S, SW, W, NW
    距水系距离/km < 0.5, [0.5, 1.0), [1.0, 1.5), [1.5, 2.0), [2.0, 2.5), [2.5, 3.0), [3.0, 3.5), [3.5, 4.0], > 4.0
    距道路距离/km < 0.5, [0.5, 1.0), [1.0, 1.5), [1.5, 2.0), [2.0, 2.5), [2.5, 3.0], [3.0, 3.5), [3.5, 4.0], > 4.0
    地质参数 地层岩性 三叠系,二叠系,泥盆系,第四系,基性岩,超基性岩,花岗岩,闪长岩,其他
    地震参数 距发震断层距离/km [0, 1), [1, 2), [2, 3), [3, 4), [4, 5), [5, 6), [6, 7), [7, 8), [8, 9), [9, 10], [10, 11), [11, 12), [12, 13), [13, 14), [14, 15], > 15
    PGA/g < 0.3, [0.3, 0.4), [0.4, 0.5), [0.5, 0.6), [0.6, 0.7], > 0.7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同文献得到的泸定地震相关结果对比

    Table  2.   Comparison of Luding earthquake related results from different documents

    文献来源 研究区面积/km2 滑坡数量/个 滑坡总面积/km2 滑坡最小面积/m2 高程/m 坡度/(°) 坡向 距发震断层距离/km 地层岩性
    文献[1, 2] 419.2 3633 13.78 49 12001400 40~45 E 1 花岗岩
    文献[3] 2600 4528 28.1 / 12001500 40~45 / 1 花岗岩
    文献[21] 3056 2692 47 220.77 18002000 40~45 E 1 砂岩板岩
    文献[25] 19000 8685 30.7 / / / / 2 /
    文献[26] 4393 5007 17.36 65 13001500 40~50 E 1 花岗岩
    文献[40] 166 513 8.88 / 14002200 40~45 E、SE 3 /
    本研究 682 9248 46 15.5 16001800 40~45 E 0.5 花岗岩
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2023-11-03
  • 录用日期:  2023-12-05
  • 修回日期:  2023-12-05
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-12-17

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