基于电化学阻抗分析的多因素作用下锚杆−砂浆界面粘结性能研究

王旭晨; 柯睿; 王亮清; 朱悦; 郑罗斌; 孙自豪

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230622

基于电化学阻抗分析的多因素作用下锚杆−砂浆界面粘结性能研究

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230622

中国地质大学（武汉）工程学院，武汉 430074

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42302314；42202316；41931295）

详细信息

作者简介:
王旭晨：E-mail：wxc1834@126.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：wlq027@126.com

中图分类号: TV41
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- 文章访问数: 24
- PDF下载量: 0
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-06
- 录用日期: 2024-01-18
- 修回日期: 2024-01-13
- 网络出版日期: 2025-03-21

Bonding performance of anchor-mortar interface under multifactor action based on electrochemical impedance analysis

Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：wxc1834@126.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：wlq027@126.com

摘要

摘要:
影响锚杆−砂浆界面粘结性能的因素众多，而目前对该界面粘结性能的研究聚焦于单因素的影响，多因素作用下界面粘结性能的研究仍留有空白。以锚杆−砂浆为研究对象，采用电化学阻抗谱测试技术获取不同影响因素下的锚杆−砂浆界面状态以及电化学参数，通过拉拔试验获取锚杆−砂浆界面粘结强度，并结合电化学参数，探究试样养护完成时，电化学参数与拉拔荷载之间的关系，分析细砂粒径、锚杆直径和水灰比3个因素对锚杆−砂浆界面粘结性能的影响。由正交试验敏感性分析可知，试样的拉拔荷载主要受锚杆直径控制，孔隙溶液电阻（R_s）主要受水灰比控制，电荷转移电阻（R_ct）则没有明显的控制性因素；在试样养护完成时，受3个因素的影响，锚杆−砂浆界面会出现钝化膜完整与钝化膜不完整2种状态。研究结果表明，在试验所选择的范围内，拉拔荷载会随着细砂粒径的增大和水灰比的减小而增大，并且试样的拉拔荷载与孔隙溶液电阻（R_s）和电荷转移电阻（R_ct）呈正相关。研究成果对锚固结构砂浆配比及应用中的有效性验证具有重要意义。
- 锚杆−砂浆界面 /
- 多因素 /
- 界面粘结性能 /
- 电化学阻抗谱 /
- 拉拔试验
Abstract: Objective
There are many factors affecting the bonding performance of the anchor-mortar interface, and the current research on the bonding performance of the interface focuses on the influence of a single factor, while the research on the bonding performance of the interface under the action of multiple factors still leaves a gap.
Methods
In this paper, we take the anchor-mortar as the research object, using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to obtain the state of the anchor-mortar interface and electrochemical parameters under different influencing factors, obtain the bond strength of the anchor-mortar interface through the pullout test, and combines the electrochemical parameters to investigate the relationship between the electrochemical parameters and the pullout load when the specimen maintenance is completed and analyses the influence of the three factors on the bonding performance of the interface between the anchor-mortar.
Results
The sensitivity analysis of orthogonal test shows that the pull-out load of the specimen is mainly controlled by the diameter of the anchor rod, the pore solution resistance (R_s) is mainly controlled by the water-cement ratio, and there is no obvious controlling factor for the charge transfer resistance (R_ct); at the early stage of specimen maintenance, under the influence of the three factors, there will be two kinds of states of the anchor-mortar interface, namely, complete passivation film and incomplete passivation film. The results of the study show that, within the range chosen for the test, the pullout load increases with the increase of fine sand particle size and the decrease of water-cement ratio, and the pullout load of the specimen is positively correlated with the pore solution resistance (R_s) and charge transfer resistance (R_ct).
Conclusion
The research results are of great significance for the validation of the effectiveness of anchored structural mortar proportioning and application.
- anchor-mortar interface /
- multi-factor /
- interfacial bonding properties /
- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy /
- pull-out test

HTML全文

图 1 电化学阻抗谱测试技术示意图

WE. 工作电极；CE. 对电极；RE. 参比电极；ZAHNER ZENNIUM PRO. 电化学工作站

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique

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图 2 拉拔试验示意图

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of pull-out test

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图 3 锚杆−砂浆试样Nyquist图（T1～T8设计方案见表1）

Z. 阻抗；Z'. 阻抗实部，即电阻分量；−Z''. 阻抗虚部，即电容或电阻分量

Figure 3. Nyquist diagram of anchor-mortar specimen

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图 4 锚杆−砂浆试样Bode图

$ \left|Z\right| $. 阻抗模值；Phase. 相位角；f. 频率

Figure 4. Bode diagram of anchor-mortar specimen

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图 5 等效电路模型

CPE. 恒定相位元件；R_s. 孔隙溶液电阻；R_f. 钢筋钝化膜电阻；C_dl. 双电层电容；R_ct. 电荷转移电阻；下同

Figure 5. Equivalent circuit model

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图 6 锚杆−砂浆试样拉拔荷载及平均粘结强度

Figure 6. Pull-out load and average bond strength of anchor-mortar specimen

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图 7 不同锚杆直径d下孔隙溶液电阻−拉拔荷载关系图

Figure 7. Pore solution resistance-pulling load relationship for different anchor diameters

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图 8 不同锚杆直径d下电荷转移电阻−拉拔荷载关系图

Figure 8. Charge transfer resistance-pulling load relationship for different anchor diameters

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图 9 拉拔作用机理图

N. 拉拔荷载；T. 砂浆对锚杆的压力；f. 摩擦力；U. 机械咬合力；R和R'分别为锚杆与砂浆所受合力

Figure 9. Mechanism of drawing action

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表 1 锚杆−砂浆试样设计方案

Table 1. Anchor-mortar specimen design programme

编号	细砂粒径/mm	锚杆直径/mm	水灰比
T1	0.40	4	0.40
T2	0.40	6	0.45
T3	0.40	8	0.50
T4	0.50	4	0.45
T5	0.50	6	0.50
T6	0.50	8	0.40
T7	0.60	4	0.50
T8	0.60	6	0.40
T9	0.60	8	0.45

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表 2 硅酸盐水泥化学成分

Table 2. Chemical composition of silicate cement w_B/%

SiO₂	Fe₂O₃	Al₂O₃	CaO	MgO	SO₃	烧失量
23.5	4.1	7.4	56.4	3.2	2.2	3.2

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表 3 钢筋的物理参数

Table 3. Physical parameters of reinforcing steel

直径/mm	密度/(g·cm⁻³)	抗拉强度/MPa	屈服强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa
4，6，8	7.85	540	400	196

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表 4 拟合后锚杆−砂浆试样的EIS参数

Table 4. EIS parameters of fitted anchor-mortar specimens

试验组	$ {R}_{{\mathrm{s}}} $/$ \mathrm{\Omega } $	$ {C}_{{\mathrm{f}}} $/ ($ {\mathrm{S}}·{{\mathrm{sec}}}^{{\mathrm{n}}} $)	n₁	$ R_{\mathrm{f}}$/$ \mathrm{\Omega } $	$ {C}_{{\mathrm{dl}}} $/ $ {\mathrm{S}}·{{\mathrm{sec}}}^{{\mathrm{n}}} $	n₂	$ {R}_{{\mathrm{ct}}} $/ $ {10}^{5}\mathrm{\Omega } $
T1	141.2	3.709×10⁻⁶	0.5408	2322	2.796×10⁻⁸	0.8295	7.140
T2	112.5	3.215×10⁻⁶	0.5624	31310	1.349×10⁻⁷	0.8977	7.296
T3	107.8	4.286×10⁻⁶	0.5504	186.9	3.974×10⁻⁷	0.7969	4.336
T4	122.1	7.015×10⁻⁷	0.7039	258	3.632×10⁻⁶	0.6141	5.207
T5	103.3	3.901×10⁻⁶	0.5726	1946	2.003×10⁻⁷	0.8761	6.851
T6	135.2	3.947×10⁻⁶	0.5468	2542	2.763×10⁻⁶	0.8313	6.365
T7	116.1	3.9659×10⁻⁶	0.5949	2080	3.292×10⁻⁶	0.8147	5.960
T8	150.1	2.94×10⁻⁵	0.9071	67750	5.857×10⁻⁶	0.5370	13.330
T9	128.7	4.189×10⁻⁶	0.5527	1949	2.608×10⁻⁷	0.8431	6.107
注：C_f. 钢筋钝化膜电容；n₁，n₂. 均为弥散系数

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表 5 拉拔荷载极差分析

Table 5. Extreme variance analysis of pullout loads

水平编号	细砂粒径	锚杆直径	水灰比
1	11.450	9.567	10.674
2	11.390	11.690	11.337
3	11.633	13.217	11.237
极差	0.243	3.650	0.663

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表 6 拉拔荷载方差分析

Table 6. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for pull-out loads

因素	细砂粒径	锚杆直径	水灰比	误差
方差	0.096	20.162	0.767	0.050
自由度	2	2	2	2
F	1.922	401.984	15.300
p	0.342	0.002**	0.061
R²	0.998
*. 差异极其显著；. 存在显著差异；注：F. 评估影响因素作用的显著程度；p衡量控制组与实验组差异大小；R². 决定系数，用于衡量组间差异对总变异的解释程度；下同

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表 7 孔隙溶液电阻（R_s）极差分析

Table 7. Extreme variance analysis of pore solution resistance(R_s)

水平编号	细砂粒径	锚杆直径	水灰比
1	120.500	126.467	142.167
2	120.203	121.970	121.100
3	131.633	123.900	109.07
极差	11.43	4.497	33.097

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表 8 孔隙溶液电阻（R_s）方差分析

Table 8. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for pore solution resistance(R_s)

因素	细砂粒径	锚杆直径	水灰比	误差
方差	254.684	30.533	1683.915	44.121
自由度	2	2	2	2
F	5.772	0.692	38.166
p	0.148	0.591	0.026*
R²	0.978

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表 9 电荷转移电阻（R_ct）极差分析

Table 9. Charge Transfer Resistance (R_ct) Polar Analysis Table

水平编号	细砂粒径	锚杆直径	水灰比
1	6.257	6.102	8.945
2	6.141	9.159	6.203
3	8.466	5.603	5.715
极差	2.325	3.556	3.230

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表 10 电荷转移电阻（R_ct）方差分析

Table 10. ANOVA for charge transfer resistance(R_ct)

因素	细砂粒径	锚杆直径	水灰比	误差
方差	10.296	22.236	18.186	2.056
自由度	2	2	2	2
F	5.007	10.813	8.843
p	0.166	0.085	0.102
R²	0.961

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