Abstract: Strongly acidic wastewater is highly corrosive to carbonate rocks, which can lead to significant changes in the physical and mechanical properties of carbonate rocks. In this paper, through carrying out different flow conditions, different time length of phosphogypsum acidic leaching solution on the dissolution of limestone test research, analyze before and after the test of limestone specimens of the apparent characteristics, quality, porosity, uniaxial compressive strength, and acoustic emission counts and other indicators of the law of change, to discuss the dissolution damage of acidic leaching solution to carbonate rock and mechanical damage, revealing the impact of the acidic leaching solution on the physical and mechanical properties of the carbonate rock. The test results show that the dissolution rate and porosity increment of the rock samples are positively correlated with the dissolution time and the flow rate of filtration solution, and the mechanical strength is negatively correlated with the dissolution time and the flow rate of filtration solution. With the dissolution, the surface of the rock samples will be attached with thicker and thicker fluorite minerals, which makes the dissolution rate of the rock samples slower. The damage form of the uniaxial specimen gradually changed from shear damage to tensile damage. Under the acidic environment of phosphogypsum leachate dissolution, the internal mineral composition of limestone is dissolved, which causes changes in macro-mechanical parameters, and the results of the study can provide theoretical and experimental data for the stability analysis of karst media under the influence of acidic wastewater, acidic wastewater treatment, and tailing project safety design.