页岩孔隙压力预测新方法: 以渤海湾盆地渤东凹陷为例

张随随; 范昌育; 王德英; 陈磊; 王启明; 王震亮; 王飞龙; 闫昕宇

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230638

页岩孔隙压力预测新方法: 以渤海湾盆地渤东凹陷为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230638

张随随^{1a, 1b,},
范昌育^{1a, 1b, ,},
王德英²,
陈磊²,
王启明²,
王震亮^{1a, 1b},
王飞龙²,
闫昕宇^{1a, 1b}

1a.
西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室, 西安 710069
1b.
西北大学地质学系, 西安 710069
2.
中海石油(中国)有限公司天津分公司, 天津 300452

基金项目:

中海石油天津分公司项目“渤东凹陷油气成藏动力学与有利勘探方向研究” CCL2021TJT0NST0338

详细信息

作者简介:
张随随, E-mail: 1779510038@qq.com

通讯作者:
范昌育，E-mail：330413776@qq.com

中图分类号: P618.12
计量
- 文章访问数: 347
- PDF下载量: 528
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-15
- 录用日期: 2024-01-03
- 修回日期: 2023-12-26

A new method for predicting shale pore pressure: A case study of the Bodong Depression in the Bohai Bay Basin

ZHANG Suisui^{1a, 1b
,},
FAN Changyu^{1a, 1b
, ,},
WANG Deying²,
CHEN Lei²,
WANG Qiming²,
WANG Zhenliang^{1a, 1b},
WANG Feilong²,
YAN Xinyu^{1a, 1b}

1a.
State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
1b.
Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
2.
CNOOC China Limited, Tianjin Branch, Tianjin 300452, China

More Information

Author Bio:
ZHANG Suisui, E-mail: 1779510038@qq.com

Corresponding author: FAN Changyu, E-mail: 330413776@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
我国油气勘探正向页岩油气领域挺进, 富含有机质页岩中普遍发育超压, 页岩孔隙压力预测方法的不足制约着页岩油气的研究。分析了生烃增压及欠压实增压的岩石物理响应特征, 基于密度与声速数据对生烃增压及欠压实增压的差异化响应, 建立了一种利用声速、密度数据分别计算页岩生烃增压量及欠压实增压量, 最终实现页岩孔隙压力预测的新方法——声速回弹法。选取生烃条件优越的渤东凹陷作为研究实例, 首先利用综合泥岩压实曲线、加载-卸载曲线、声速-密度图解, 综合判别了超压的成因, 而后利用声速回弹法定量计算了单井欠压实、生烃作用的增压量以及地层孔隙压力, 并将其与数值模拟及常规计算方法进行了对比。以LD21-A井为例, 页岩超压成因为生烃增压与欠压实复合成因; 压力预测结果显示: 非烃源岩层段超压由欠压实增压贡献; 烃源岩层段超压由生烃增压与欠压实贡献, 其中生烃增压量主要分布在5~15 MPa之间(占比约35%~65%), 实测压力点生烃增压量为11.09 MPa (占比45%)。新方法可行性较数值模拟更高, 与Eaton法相比, 不受各层段、区域生烃增压量及欠压实增压量占比不一致的影响。新方法在页岩油气领域及常规油气领域的研究具有重要意义。
- 声速回弹法 /
- 生烃增压 /
- 欠压实 /
- 超压 /
- 超压成因 /
- 压力预测 /
- 页岩孔隙 /
- 渤东凹陷
Abstract: Objective
China's oil and gas exploration is advancing towards the field of shale oil and gas. Overpressure is commonly developed in organic shale, and the lack of prediction methods for shale pore pressure restricts the research on shale oil and gas.
Methods
This article analyses the physical response characteristics of rock to hydrocarbon generation, pressurization and disequilibrium compaction. Based on density and sound velocity data, the differential responses of hydrocarbon generation pressurization and disequilibrium compaction pressurization were analysed. The hydrocarbon generation pressurization amount is calculated using sound velocity and density, and the disequilibrium compaction is calculated using the density data. Finally, the sound velocity rebound method was established. This article selects the Bodong Depression, which has superior hydrocarbon generation conditions, as a case study. First, comprehensive mudstone compaction curves, loading-unloading curves, and sound velocity-density diagrams are used to comprehensively identify the cause of overpressure. Then, the sound velocity rebound method is used to quantitatively calculate the pressure increase and formation pore pressure of a single well under compaction and hydrocarbon generation, and the results are compared with those of numerical simulations and conventional calculation methods.
Results
Taking the LD21-A well as an example, shale overpressure is caused by a combination of hydrocarbon generation and disequilibrium compaction. The pressure prediction results show that the overpressure of nonsource rock layers is contributed by the disequilibrium compaction. The overpressure of the source rock formation is contributed by hydrocarbon generation and disequilibrium compaction, with hydrocarbon generation pressurization mainly distributed between 5 MPa and 15 MPa (accounting for approximately 35% to 65%), and the measured pressure point hydrocarbon generation pressurization is 11.09 MPa (accounting for 45%).
Conclusion
This new method is vital of importance for the research of both shale and conventional oil and gas fields.
- sound velocity rebound method /
- overpressure generation by hydrocarbon generation /
- disequilibrium compaction /
- overpressure /
- overpressure mechanism /
- pressure prediction /
- shale pore /
- Bodong Depression
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

HTML全文

图 1 生烃增压地质模型(a)及页岩回弹物理模拟实验(b)^[5]

Figure 1. Geological model of hydrocarbon generation and pressure boosting(a) and physical simulation experiment of shale rebound(b)^[5]

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 生烃增压与欠压实测井响应特征

a.声速-埋深关系；b.密度-埋深关系；c.声速-垂向有效应力关系；d.密度-垂向有效应力关系

Figure 2. Response characteristics of hydrocarbon generation enhancement and undercompaction logging

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 渤海湾盆地渤东凹陷位置及地层综合柱状图(据文献[33]修改)

Figure 3. Locations and comprehensive stratigraphic bar chart of the Bodong Depression, Bohai Bay Basin

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 渤东凹陷现今压力场垂向分布特征

Figure 4. Vertical distribution characteristics of the current pressure in the Bodong Depression

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 渤东凹陷综合泥岩压实曲线(以LD21-A井为例)

Qp.平原组；N₂m^U.明化镇组上段；N₁m^L.明化镇组下段；N₁g.馆陶组；E₃d.东营组；E₂s.沙河街组；下同

Figure 5. Comprehensive mudstone compaction curve in the Bodong Depression

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 渤东凹陷加载-卸载曲线(以LD21-A井为例)

Figure 6. Loading-unloading curve in the Bodong Depression

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 渤东凹陷声速-密度图解(LD21-A井)

Figure 7. Chart of the sound velocity-density in the Bodong Depression

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 渤东凹陷实测声速与密度计算声速对比图(LD21-A井)

Figure 8. Comparison of the measured sound velocity and density-calculated sound velocity in the Bodong Depression

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 渤东凹陷及其围区生烃增压量与声速回弹量交会图

Figure 9. Intersection diagram of hydrocarbon generation pressure increase and sound velocity rebound in the Bodong Depression and surrounding areas

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 渤东凹陷多种方法压力预测(以LD21-A井为例)

Figure 10. Pressure prediction using multiple methods in the Bodong Depression

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 数值模拟法预测地层压力所需参数

Table 1. Parameters required for predicting formation pressure using the numerical simulation method

参数	预测成因	获取难度
压实系数/km^-1	生烃增压、欠压实	简单
初始孔隙度/%	生烃增压、欠压实	简单
孔隙度-渗透率关系	欠压实	简单
初始w(TOC)/%	生烃增压	困难且不准
初始HI/(mg·g^-1)	生烃增压	困难且不准
原油压缩系数/MPa^-1	生烃增压	较难
原油密度/(kg·m^-3)	生烃增压	较难
干酪根密度/(kg·m^-3)	生烃增压	较难
基底热流	生烃增压	较难
生烃动力学模型	生烃增压	困难

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 声速回弹法(本次所提方法) 预测地层压力所需参数

Table 2. Parameters required for predicting formation pressure using the sound velocity rebound method

参数	来源	获取难度
声速/(m·s^-1)	声波测井	简单
密度/(g·cm^-3)	密度测井	简单
有效应力/MPa	密度测井、实测压力	比较简单

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 Eaton法与声速回弹法(本研究方法) 压力预测误差

Table 3. Errores for pressure prediction via the Eaton method and the velocity rebound method

井位	深度/m	地层压力/MPa	超压成因	压力预测/MPa		相对误差/%
井位	深度/m	地层压力/MPa	超压成因	Eaton法	声速回弹法	Eaton法	声速回弹法
LD21-A	3 606	60.06	混合成因	58.94	60.16	-1.90	0.17
PL7-A	3 752	52.96	欠压实成因	64.32	50.61	17.66	-4.64
LD34-A	2 747	34.99	欠压实成因为主	39.21	35.62	10.76	1.77
PL14-A	2 828	40.27	混合成因	45.21	42.31	10.93	4.82

下载: 导出CSV

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