页岩气井邻井压裂干扰响应特征及机理探讨: 以涪陵页岩气田为例

摘要:
涪陵页岩气田是我国探明储量最大的非常规页岩气田, 储层以页岩为主, 具有低孔低渗、非均质性强等特点。自2018年率先在国内部署开发调整井并实施水力压裂, 面临着由于压力场变化导致周围老井压力异常变化, 从而影响老井正常生产等问题, 给气田采收率的提升带来了不确定的因素。从已产生影响的一次井网老井生产情况来看, 邻井压裂影响干扰特征呈现多类型、多特征、多结果、多主控因素的特点, 而目前还没有统一的邻井压裂干扰响应特征描述方法和机理解释。以涪陵页岩气田为例, 在大量文献调研的基础上, 基于一次井网整体有效动用程度, 开展了页岩气井邻井压裂干扰响应特征及机理探讨。研究表明: (1)页岩气邻井干扰按照对母井技术可采储量的影响结果分为正面、无、负面干扰3种类型, 造成3种干扰类型的差异主要与子母井空间井距、穿行层位、采出程度、地层压力、应力差异等因素相关; (2)初步明确了产生邻井压裂干扰的机理是子井和母井裂缝沟通程度及两者人工缝网重叠程度不同; (3)根据干扰带来的不同结果需采取合理的井距设计, 压裂施工前采取母井关井恢复压力至稳定状态、子井压裂施工期间采取远场封堵转向压裂技术等方式规避负面影响。研究结果为制定合理的压裂防干扰措施提供了理论支撑, 对行业具有良好的指导意义。
- 页岩气井 /
- 邻井压裂 /
- 干扰响应特征 /
- 涪陵页岩气田
Abstract: Objective
Regarding conventional gas resources, research on the fracturing interference of adjacent wells has focused mainly on interference during the production process; the interference of adjacent wells is usually avoided by determining the rational spacing between wells, and the radius of influence is the key to determining a reasonable well spacing. The fracturing interference of shale gas adjacent wells involves various types, phenomena, results and control factors; however, there is no generally accepted description method or mechanism for studying the response characteristics of the fracturing interference of adjacent wells.
Methods
The Fuling shale gas field is taken as an example to discuss the response characteristics and mechanism of the fracturing interference of adjacent wells in shale gas.
Results
According to the impact on the recoverable reserves of parent wells, the fracturing interference of shale gas adjacent wells can be divided into three types: positive interference, noninterference and negative interference. The three types of interference are mainly related to the spacing of the child and parent wells, crossing layers, recovery percentage, formation pressure, stress difference and other factors. The closer the spacing and crossing layers between wells are, the greater the recovery degree of the parent wells or the lower the formation pressure is, the greater the difference between both sides of the stress of the child well becomes, and the greater the fracturing interference becomes. On the basis of the different results caused by fracturing interference, to avoid negative effects, shale gas development requires the formulation of reasonable well spacings, the shuttling of parent wells to restore the pressure until it stabilizes before fracturing, and the use of diverters during fracturing of new child wells. The generation mechanisms of fracturing interference are the degree of fracture and the overlap of artificial fracturing networks between child wells and parent wells. The ideal situation is that the fracturing network edge of the child wells just reaches the fracturing network edge of the older parent wells, which has a positive effect on increasing production; however, the noninterference type does not occur when the child wells' SRV is insufficient, nor does the negative interference type occur when the fracturing networks are connected between the child wells and parent wells.
Conclusion
The research results provide theoretical support for formulating reasonable fracturing interference prevention measures and have good guiding significance in industry.
- shale gas well /
- adjacent well fracturing /
- interference response characteristic /
- Fuling shale gas field
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 焦石坝区块老井受调整井压裂影响分布

Figure 1. Distribution map of fractures in old wells affected by adjusting wells in the Jiaoshiba block

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图 2 焦石坝区块调整井(子井)单段压裂对应母井压力上升幅度统计

Figure 2. Statistics of the pressure increase in parent well corresponding to single-stage fracturing of the adjusting well(subwell) in the Jiaoshiba block

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图 3 焦页12-XX井(母井)受子井压裂干扰前后生产曲线(正面影响)

Figure 3. Production curve of Well 12-XX(parent well) before and after fracturing interference(positive impact)

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图 4 JY108-XX井(母井)受子井压裂干扰前后生产曲线(无影响)

Figure 4. Production curves of the Well JY108-XX(parent well) before and after the fracturing interference of the subwell(no impact)

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图 5 焦页28-XX井(母井)受子井压裂干扰前后生产曲线(负面影响)

Figure 5. Production curves of the Well JY28-XX(parent well) before and after the fracturing interference of the subwell(negative impact)

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图 6 邻井关井压力异常波动最大值与井距(a)和累计产气量(b)的关系统计

Figure 6. Statistical diagram of the relationship between the maximum shut-in pressure fluctuation of adjacent wells and the well spacing(a) and cumulative production(b)

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图 7 调整井与老井不同穿行层位模式下的压力波动统计(①~③均为小层编号)

Figure 7. Statistical charts of pressure fluctuations in different traverse modes between the adjustment well and the old well

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图 8 子井周缘老井产生的地层压力变化模拟图

Figure 8. Simulation diagram of the formation pressure change generated by the old well around the subwell

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图 9 焦页87-X井(子井)压裂缝网扩展模拟图

Figure 9. Simulation of the compression fracture network expansion in Well JY87-X(subwell)

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图 10 焦页87-X井(子井)微地震缝长示意图

Figure 10. Diagram of the microseismic fracture length in the Well JY87-X(subwell)

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图 11 子井周缘老井产生的应力场变化模拟图

a.开始压裂; b.压中; c.压裂结束

Figure 11. Simulation diagram of the stress field change generated by the old well around the subwell

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图 12 涪陵页岩气田调整井(子井)与邻井(母井)压力剖面切面示意图

Figure 12. Schematic diagram of the pressure profile of the adjustment well(subwell) and adjacent well(mother well) in the Fuling shale gas field

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图 13 子井与母井人工压裂缝网接触关系模式图(模式一、二、三)

Figure 13. Model diagram of the artificial fracture network contact relationships between the subwell and parent well(Model 1, 2, 3)

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表 1 焦石坝区块子井压裂期间母井受干扰响应特征汇总

Table 1. Summary of the disturbance response characteristics of parent wells during the fracturing of subwells in the Jiaoshiba block

影响情况	压力响应特征		压裂后邻井表现形式
影响情况	ΔP/MPa	波动段	压裂后邻井表现形式
正面影响	0.2~2.5，平均 < 0.9	平稳阶梯抬升	产气量增加
无明显影响	< 0.2	缓慢平稳抬升	产气量无变化
负面影响	>2.5	尖峰状、击穿状抬升或变化	产气量降低、产水增加

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