Development geology avaluation of normal-pressured shale gas in the Baima area, eastern margin of the Sichuan Basin
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摘要:
涪陵气田是我国第一个实现商业开发的页岩气田, 近几年年产气量稳定在70亿m3以上, 开发效果良好。随着开发需求不断增大, 开发对象由焦石坝等高压页岩气藏逐步转向了白马常压页岩气藏。2021年白马地区提交探明储量1 048.83亿m3, 地质资源基础得到夯实, 而开发地质评价与目标优选是实现储量有效动用第一环。以分析化验、测井解释、地震预测、压裂试气资料为基础, 开展白马地区常压页岩气开发有利层段与有利目标评价研究。研究结果表明, 白马地区奥陶系五峰组-志留系龙马溪组发育深水陆棚相富有机质页岩, 其中深水陆棚硅质页岩是开发最有利层段。明确了地层压力系数、孔隙度、天然裂缝、应力性质是常压页岩气开发地质评价的关键参数。以此为基础, 建立了白马常压页岩气藏开发选区地质参数体系, 优选白马向斜南部为开发建产第一目标, 实现了规模效益建产, 对常压页岩气开发具有重要借鉴意义。
Abstract:Objective The Fuling Gas Field as the first commercial shale gas field in China has stably achieved an annual gas production of over 7 billion cubic meters in recent years, which is a good development result. With the increasing demand for development, the development targets have gradually shifted from the high-pressured shale gas reservoirs, e.g., the Jiaoshiba region, to the normal-pressured shale gas reservoirs of the Baima region. In 2021, the Baima area submitted a proven reserve of 104.883 billion cubic meters, consolidating its geological resource foundation. Development geology evaluation and target optimization are the first steps to efficiently achieve the utilization of reserves.
Methods Based on core testing, well logging interpretation, seismic prediction, and gas testing data, the favourable intervals and targets for the development of normal-pressured shale gas in the Baima area were evaluated in this study.
Results The research results indicate that the organic-rich shale of the Ordovician Wufeng Formation and Silurian Longmaxi Formation in the Baima area was deposited on the deep-water shelf. Thereinto, the deep-water shelf siliceous shale is the most favourable layer for development. The key parameters for the development geology evaluation of normal-pressured shale gas include the formation pressure coefficient, porosity, natural fractures, and stress properties.
Conclusion A geological parameter system has been established for the development of target areas, which suggests that the southern part of the Baima Syncline can be selected as the first target for development and production. The Baima Region has achieved large-scale economic production and can be an important reference for the development of normal-pressured shale gas.
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图 1 白马地区五峰组底界构造等值线图
Figure 1. Contour map of the Wufeng Formation bottom in the Baima area
图 2 白马地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段沉积相划分柱状图
GR.自然伽马；w(TOC).有机碳质量分数；下同
Figure 2. Histogram of sedimentary facies division in the Wufeng Formation-the First Member of Longmaxi Formation in the Baima area
图 3 白马地区焦页A井页岩总孔容、含气量、硅质体积分数与有机碳关系图
Figure 3. Relationships between total pore volume, gas content, and silicon content and organic carbon in the Well Jiaoye A shale in the Baima area
图 4 白马地区主控断层由北至南断距变化直方图
Figure 4. Spatial change in fault displacement of the main controlling fault from north to south in the Baima area
图 5 白马地区地层压力系数、单井EUR与石门断层距离关系图(EUR.单井评估的最终可采储量)
Figure 5. Relationships among the formation pressure coefficient, single-well EUR and Shimen fault distance in the Baima area
图 6 涪陵地区五峰组-龙马溪组不同地层压力系数下页岩孔径分布扫描电镜
a.焦页D井③小层, 地层压力系数1.5，深度2 350 m; b.焦页E井③小层, 地层压力系数0.98，深度2 264 m
Figure 6. Scanning electron microscopy images of the shale pore size distribution under the different formation pressure coefficients in the Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formation of the Fuling area
图 7 白马地区页岩含气量、游离气量、吸附气量与地层压力系数关系
Figure 7. Relationships between the shale gas content, free gas content, adsorbed gas content and formation pressure coefficient in the Baima area
图 8 白马区块白马向斜应力性质图
Figure 8. Stress properties of the Baima syncline in the Baima block
图 9 不同压裂段微地震监测裂缝长度数据统计直方图
Figure 9. Histogram of fracture length monitored microseismic in different fracturing sections
表 1 白马地区五峰组-龙马溪组一段不同沉积微相页岩测井解释统计
Table 1. Statistics of the sedimentary microfacies interpreted from the well log of the Wufeng Formation-First Member of the Longmaxi Formation in the Baima area
沉积微相 井号 厚度/m w(TOC)/% 硅质体积分数/% 黏土体积分数/% 孔隙度/ % 含气量/ (m3·t-1) 硅质深水陆棚 焦页A 21 3.6 59 25 3.53 5.85 焦页B 19 4.1 57 26 3.54 4.75 焦页C 22 4.2 55 31 3.55 4.45 含黏土硅质深水陆棚 焦页A 23 2.7 50 36 3.55 4.88 焦页B 23 2.9 49 37 3.48 3.80 焦页C 22 3.2 48 40 3.59 3.58 硅质黏土深水陆棚 焦页A 21 1.9 47 39 2.26 3.09 焦页B 35 1.8 44 42 2.86 2.63 焦页C 30 2.1 43 44 2.84 2.65 黏土质深水陆棚 焦页A 29 1.6 43 43 2.96 3.05 焦页B 44 1.5 35 53 3.57 2.74 焦页C 34 1.7 36 53 3.68 2.72 
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表 2 涪陵气田白马地区与焦石坝地区页岩气地质特点对比
Table 2. Geological characteristics of shale gas in the Baima and Jiaoshiba regions of the Fuling Gas Field
项别 白马常压页岩气 焦石坝高压页岩气 构造变形 冲断褶皱变形 断滑褶皱变形 断裂发育密度/(条·km-2) ＞0.3 ＜0.05 埋藏深度/m 2 000~4 800 2 500~3 500 孔隙度/% 1.73~6.21(3.00) 1.87~6.83(4.64) 含气量/(m3·t-1) 1.74~6.40(3.22) 1.49~7.71(4.44) 赋存特征 吸附气与游离气比0.53∶0.47 吸附气与游离气占比0.42∶0.58 地层压力系数 0.98~1.39 1.4~1.6 注：括弧内数值为均值
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表 3 焦页A平台2口水平井压裂施工参数对比
Table 3. Comparison of fracturing construction parameters between two horizontal wells on the Jiaoye A platform
序号 井名 曲率特征 水平段埋深/m 破裂压力/MPa 施工压力/MPa 排量/(m3·min-1) 平均砂比/% 1 A-1HF 中低值斑点状 3 700~4 250 79 70~75 14~16 8.3 2 A-2HF 低值-空白 3 760~3 900 89 90~105 8~10 5.6
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表 4 白马地区页岩气开发选区地质参数体系
Table 4. Geological parameters of the target shale gas development area in the Baima area
类别 含气性评价参数 可压性评价参数 孔隙度/% 压力系数 埋深/m 天然裂缝(曲率) 应力性质 Ⅰ类 ≥4.0 ≥1.3 ≤3 500 低值斑点状曲率，非均质性弱 中-弱挤压 Ⅱ类 (3.0, 4.0) (1.1, 1.3) (3 500, 4 000) 空白曲率或中值条带状曲率，非均质性弱 中-弱拉张 Ⅲ类 [2.0, 3.0] [0.9, 1.3] [4 000, 4 500] 单方向高值条带状曲率，非均质性强 强挤压强拉张 Ⅳ类 ＜2.0 ＜0.9 ＞4 500 多方向高值条带状曲率，非均质性强
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