含煤地层下薄砂体分布预测方法: 以东海西湖凹陷PB地区为例

罗盼; 李九生

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230663

含煤地层下薄砂体分布预测方法: 以东海西湖凹陷PB地区为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230663

罗盼^,,
李九生

中国石油化工股份有限公司石油物探技术研究院, 南京 210013

详细信息

通讯作者:
罗盼, E-mail: 446114137@qq.com

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 56
- PDF下载量: 7
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-29
- 录用日期: 2024-07-17
- 修回日期: 2024-06-01

Prediction method of thin sand reservoir with coal bearing: An example from PB area of Xihu Sag at East China Sea

LUO Pan^,,
LI Jiusheng

Sinopec Geophysical Research Institute Co. Ltd., Nanjing 210013, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LUO Pan, E-mail: 446114137@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
在河流-潮汐双向水流控制的沉积环境之下, 西湖凹陷PB地区平湖组含油气地层中普遍发育薄煤层, 煤层导致储层的地震振幅、相位、频率均会发生一定变化。为明确PB地区煤层的发育对储层识别的具体影响以及储层识别的有效手段, 以地震、测井资料为研究基础, 在开展储层叠前、叠后地震响应特征的基础上, 基于去煤层反射系数地震响应特征分析和基于波动方程的叠后地震正演, 在厘清煤层发育对储层特征影响的前提下, 采用岩石物理多参数交会分析, 以探索研究区储层岩性识别的敏感参数、定门槛值。结果表明, 当储层厚度均小于调谐厚度时, 对地震数据进行90°相位旋转, 煤层对储层影响能一定程度地减弱。针对研究区含薄煤层的薄储层, 采用宽频谱反演-叠前V_p/V_s-叠前AVO三步走逐级优质储层预测流程, 能较好地刻画研究区含气砂体展布范围。
- PB地区 /
- 含煤薄储层 /
- 地震响应特征 /
- 储层预测 /
- 薄砂体分布 /
- 东海西湖凹陷
Abstract: <p>In the sedimentary environment shaped by river-tidal bidirectional flow, thin coal seams are typically located within the oil- and gas-bearing strata of the Pinghu Formation in the PB area of the Xihu Sag. These coal seams significantly influence the seismic amplitude, phase, and frequency of the reservoirs.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective
To betterclarify the specific impact of coal seam development in the PB area on reservoir identification and effective identification techniques,
Methods
this paper focuses on analyzing seismic and logging data to evaluate the prestack and poststack seismic response characteristics of the reservoirs. We then investigate the seismic response characteristics of the reflection coefficient after the coal seam is removed and perform poststack seismic forward modeling based on the wave equation. This analysis elucidates the influence of coal seams on seismic responses. Finally, rock physics multiparameter intersection analysis is employed to identify the sensitive parameters and establish the thresh values for reservoir lithology identification within the study area.
Results
When the reservoir thickness is less than the tuning thickness, the seismic data can be rotated by 90°, which reduces the impact of the coal seam on the reservoir diminishes.
Conclusion
For thin reservoirs with associated thin coal seams in the study area, we adopt a three-step high-quality reservoir prediction process that involves broadband spectrum inversion, specifically prestack V_p/V_s and prestack AVOG. This approach allows amore effective description of the distribution range of aerated sand bodies in the study area.
- PB area /
- thin sand reservoir with coal /
- seismic response characteristics /
- reservoir prediction /
- distribution of the thin sand reservoir /
- Xihu Sag at East China Sea
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 西湖凹陷区域构造位置图(a), PB地区区域构造图(b)和PB地区地质综合柱状图(c)

Figure 1. Structural outline of Xihu Sag(a) and PB area(b), the comprehensive geological column of PB area(c)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 砂岩、煤层及其组合的地震响应特征

Figure 2. Seismic response characteristics of sandstone, coal seam and their combinations

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图 3 PB地区实钻井平湖组钻遇煤层层数分布直方图(a~c)和平湖组P10b煤层分布平面图(d)

Figure 3. Statistics of coal seam thickness and number of coal seams encountered(a-c) and distribution plan of P10b coal seam(d) in the Pinghu Formation in actual drilling in PB area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 煤层与砂岩组合特征分析

A井中煤层与砂岩组合的去煤层反射系数正演地震响应特征分析，其中箭头指示为煤层的测井响应、反射系数及对应的单子波合成记录

Figure 4. Analysis of the characteristics of the combination of coal seam and sandstone

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图 5 煤层与砂泥薄互层及泥岩组合特征分析

a.B井中煤层和砂泥薄互层的地震响应、90°相位旋转之后地震反射；b.C井中煤层和泥岩组合的地震响应、90°相位旋转之后地震反射；c.沿P10b最大振幅属性图

Figure 5. Analysis of the characteristics of combination between coal seam and thin sand mud interbed, and combination between coal seam and mudstone

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图 6 含煤层储层楔形模型正演模拟结果

a~c.煤层厚度、砂体厚度改变；d~f.煤层厚度、砂体-煤层距离改变

Figure 6. Forward modeling results of wedge model of coal-bearing seam reservoir

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图 7 90°相位旋转的楔形模型正演模拟结果

Figure 7. Forward modeling results of wedge model with a 90° phase rotation

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图 8 反射系数奇偶分解(a)和拓宽频谱原理图(b)

Figure 8. Schematic diagram of reflection coefficient odd-even decomposition(a) and widening spectrum(b)

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图 9 常规反演与宽频谱反演效果对比图

a.原始地震过井剖面和平面最大振幅属性图；b.绝对阻抗反演过井剖面和平面最大振幅属性图；c.相对阻抗反演过井剖面和平面最大振幅属性图

Figure 9. Comparison chart of conventional inversion and wide-spectrum inversion

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图 10 平湖组纵横波速度比与纵波阻抗交会分析结果(a, c, e)和纵横波速度比频率直方统计图(b, d, f)

a, b.P2~P6段分析结果；c, d.P7~P11段分析结果；e, f.P12段分析结果；砂组层位见图 1c

Figure 10. Intersection analysis results of P-to-S wave velocity ratio and P-wave impedance in Pinghu Formation, along with a histogram of P-to-S wave velocity ratio

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图 11 D井过井地震剖面(a)和宽频谱反演剖面(b)及反演V_p/V_s剖面(c)

Figure 11. Seismic profile(a), wide spectrum inversion profile(b) and inversion V_p/V_s profile(c) across Well-D

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图 12 E井过井AVO正演与过井道集AVO分析结果(a)及F井过井AVO梯度G结果(b)

Figure 12. AVO forward modeling and AVO analysis results across Well-E(a) and the result of AVO inversion across Well-F(b)

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图 13 P10b储层预测效果分析

a.宽频谱反演结果；b.叠前V_p/V_s反演结果；c.叠前AVO梯度G反演结果

Figure 13. Analysis of P10b reservoir predictions

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表 1 PB地区已钻井数据统计的岩石物理参数

Table 1. Petrophysical parameters of the statistics of drilled wells in the PB area

参数	砂岩	泥岩	煤层
纵波速度V_p/(m·s^-1)	4 100	3 600	3 000
密度DEN/(g·cm^-3)	2.45	2.60	2.20
横波速度V_s/(m·s^-1)	2 500	2 130	1 730
纵波阻抗AI(g·cm^-3·m·s^-1)	10 045	9 360	6 600

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