山西省屯留区富硒土地质量综合评价与利用研究

王大莹; 崔新宇; 曹培丽; 崔杰; 张仕裕; 樊文华; 冯志强; 何俊辰; 雷勇

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230666

山西省屯留区富硒土地质量综合评价与利用研究

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230666

1.
山西农业大学资源环境学院，山西晋中 030801
2.
太原理工大学矿业工程学院，太原 030024
3.
山西省第三地质工程勘察院有限公司，太原 030620

基金项目: 山西省基础研究计划（20210302123378）；山西省优秀博士来晋工作奖励基金项目（SXYBKY2019032）；山西省地勘基金项目（0632-1911FW1L2054）。

详细信息

作者简介:
王大莹：E-mail：121974305@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：leiyong@sxau.edu.cn

计量
- 文章访问数: 209
- PDF下载量: 20
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-11-30
- 录用日期: 2024-04-12
- 修回日期: 2024-04-11
- 网络出版日期: 2024-06-19

Research on comprehensive evaluation and utilization of selenium-rich land quality in Tunliu District, Shanxi Province, China

1.
College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong Shanxi 030801, China
2.
College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
3.
The Third Geological Engineering Survey Institute of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030620, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：121974305@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：leiyong@sxau.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
开展土地调查与评价并发展特色产业是实现乡村振兴，巩固脱贫成果的重要工作。为了更加精准有效地指导区域农业生产布局和特色产业开发，在山西省长治市屯留区开展了富硒土地调查与评价工作。选取了富硒产业质量、生态环境和耕地地力三方面的指标来构建富硒土地综合质量评价体系，运用模糊数学法、熵权法、综合指数法等方法评价与划分土地等级。结果表明：①屯留区硒含量等级为高和适量的土壤占比54.47%，集中分布于全区东部；耕地地力等级分布不均，整体为西低东高；全域生态环境状况清洁。②全区一等富硒土地面积299.33 km²，占比26.61%，集中分布于东部平原地区。③屯留区小麦、尖椒和青椒达到富硒标准，尖椒富硒率为100%，农作物清洁状况良好。依据评价结果，结合屯留区国土空间规划，划分出三类土地：A类地（富硒富肥且清洁）规划种植富硒小麦和绿色蔬菜，同时发展观光农业；B类地（硒适量且清洁）规划种植富硒辣椒，同时发展农产品深加工；C类地（非富硒富肥）打造农产品深加工体系，同时发展农贸和旅游。为屯留区富硒农业产业规划以及区域协同发展提供了理论支持及科学建议。
- 土地评价 /
- 富硒土壤 /
- 模糊数学法 /
- 熵权法 /
- 富硒农业
Abstract: Objective
Carrying out land surveys and evaluations and developing special industries is a very important task for China to realize rural revitalization and consolidate the results of poverty alleviation. In order to more accurately and effectively guide regional agricultural production layout and specialty industry development, a selenium-rich land survey and evaluation was conducted in Tunliu District, Changzhi City, Shanxi Province, China.
Methods
Therefore, the indicators of selenium-rich industry quality, ecological environment and arable land strength were selected to construct a comprehensive quality evaluation system for selenium-rich land, and then fuzzy mathematical method, entropy weighting method, and composite index method were applied to evaluate and grade the land in the study area, and ArcGIS was used to implement the results.
Results
The results show that: ① the land with soil selenium content grades of high selenium and moderate selenium in Tunliu District accounted for 54.47% of the statistical area, and these soils were concentrated in the eastern part of the district; the distribution of cultivated land strength grades in Tunliu District was uneven, and the overall characteristics showed that it was low in the western part and high in the eastern part; the results of the evaluation of ecological environment grades were clean in the whole district. ② There are 299.33 square kilometers of selenium-enriched land in Tunliu District with comprehensive quality grade of first class, accounting for 26.61% of the statistical area, and concentrating in the plain area in the east. ③ Wheat, sharp peppers and green peppers in Tunliu have reached the standard of selenium enrichment of crops. Among them, the selenium enrichment rate of sharp peppers is 100%. In addition, the results of heavy metal element testing show that the crops in the district are in good clean condition.
Conclusion
Based on the evaluation results of land and crops, and in conjunction with the spatial planning of land in Tunliu District, the land is divided into three types: A, B and C. Among them, type A land is characterized by high soil selenium content, rich nutrients and clean environment, so it is recommended to build selenium-enriched wheat and green vegetable planting bases in the area where this type of land is concentrated and develop tourism agriculture at the same time. Class C land is characterized by low soil selenium and nutrient content, which is unsuitable for planting crops, so it is recommended to build deep-processing factories for agricultural products in the areas where this type of land is concentrated, and to develop agricultural trade and tourism at the same time. It provides theoretical support and scientific suggestions for the planning of selenium-rich agriculture industry in Tunliu District and the synergistic development of the region.
- land evaluation /
- selenium-enriched soil /
- fuzzy mathematical method /
- entropy weighting method /
- selenium-rich agriculture

HTML全文

图 1 屯留区交通位置及高程图（底图修改自山西省1∶200万标准地图及长治市1∶55万地势图，来源于山西省自然资源厅网站）

Figure 1. Tunliu District transportation location map

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图 2 屯留区地质简图及土壤样点布置图（底图修改自《山西省屯留县1∶5万地球化学土地质量评估成果报告》）

Figure 2. Geological sketch map of Tunliu District and soil sample layouts

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图 3 屯留区土地利用图（数据来源：GlobeLand30网站）

Figure 3. Sketch map of land use types in Tunliu District

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图 4 屯留区土壤硒含量箱线图

Figure 4. Box plot of soil selenium content in Tunliu District

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图 5 屯留土壤硒含量等级分布图

Figure 5. Distribution of soil selenium levels in Tunliu

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图 6 屯留区土地生态环境等级分布图

Figure 6. Distribution map of land ecological environment level in Tunliu District

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图 7 屯留区耕地地力等级分布图

Figure 7. Cultivated land strength class distribution map of Tunliu District

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图 8 屯留区富硒土地综合质量分布图

Figure 8. Distribution of integrated quality of selenium-enriched land in Tunliu District

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图 9 屯留区农作物硒含量箱线图

Figure 9. Box line diagram of selenium content of crops in Tunliu District

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图 10 屯留富硒土地利用区划

Figure 10. Selenium-enriched land use zoning in Tunliu

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表 1 耕地地力指标相关系数矩阵

Table 1. Matrix of correlation coefficients of indicators of land productivity of arable land

指标	氮	有效磷	速效钾	有机质	pH	地形部位	土壤质地	利用现状
氮	1
有效磷	0.301**	1
速效钾	0.366**	0.445**	1
有机质	0.591**	0.190**	0.253**	1
pH	0.004	0.019	0.011	0.099**	1
地形部位	0.127**	0.174**	0.119**	0.206**	0.298**	1
土壤质地	0.140**	0.080**	0.001	0.158**	0.125**	0.312**	1
利用现状	0.184**	0.134**	0.072**	0.298**	0.320**	0.568**	0.350**	1
注：**在0.01级别（双尾），相关性显著

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表 2 屯留区富硒土地综合质量评价体系及指标权重

Table 2. Evaluation system of comprehensive quality of selenium-rich land in Tunliu District and weights of indicators

目标层	准则层	指标层
富硒土地综合质量	富硒产业质量（0.394）	土壤硒
	生态环境（0.001）	土壤环境（砷、镉、汞、铅、铬、镍、铜、锌）
	耕地地力（0.604）	氮（0.10）
		有效磷（0.11）
		速效钾（0.01）
		有机质（0.22）
		pH（0.08）
		地形部位（0.07）
		土壤质地（0.02）
		利用现状（0.39）
注：括号中数据代表权重

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表 3 土壤生态环境等级评价划分标准

Table 3. Criteria for classifying soil environmental grades

等级	一等	二等	三等	四等	五等
等级	清洁	轻微污染	轻度污染	中度污染	重度污染
单因子污染指数P_单	≤1	（1，2]	（2，3]	（3，5]	>5
综合污染指数P_综	≤0.7	（0.7，1]	（1，2]	（2，3]	>3

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表 4 概念型指标隶属度

Table 4. Conceptual indicator affiliation

指标	隶属度
地形部位	平原	盆地	低山丘陵	山地
地形部位	1	0.8	0.6	0.4
土壤质地	中壤土	轻壤土	重壤土	砂壤土、粘壤土、粘土	砂土
土壤质地	1	0.85	0.8	0.6	0.4
利用现状	水浇地	旱地
利用现状	1	0.7

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表 5 数值型指标隶属度计算方法及函数转折点

Table 5. Numerical indicator affiliation calculation method and function turning points

耕地地力指标	计算公式	函数转折点
耕地地力指标	计算公式	x₁	x₂	x₃	x₄
氮	$ f\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\quad\qquad\ 1.0,x\ge {x}_{2}\\\dfrac{0.9\left(x-{x}_{1}\right)}{{x}_{2}-{x}_{1}}+0.1,{x}_{1}\le x < {x}_{2}\\ \quad\qquad\ \ 0.1,x < {x}_{1}\end{array}\right. $	0.75	2
有效磷		5	40
速效钾		50	200
有机质		10	40
pH	$ f\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\dfrac{0.9\left({x}_{4}-x\right)}{{x}_{4}-{x}_{3}}+0.1,{x}_{3}\le x < {x}_{4}\\\qquad\qquad\ \ \ \ \ 1.0,{x}_{2} < x < {x}_{3}\\\dfrac{0.9\left(x-{x}_{1}\right)}{{x}_{2}-{x}_{1}}+0.1,{x}_{1}\le x < {x}_{2}\\\quad\qquad\ \ 0.1,x < {x}_{1}\end{array}\right. $	5.5	6.5	7.5	8.5
注：氮、有机质单位为g/kg，有效磷、速效钾单位为mg/kg，pH为无量纲；x为指标实测值；x₁、x₂、x₃、x₄分别为评价因子在函数曲线中转折点取值。

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表 6 富硒土地综合质量评价指标隶属度

Table 6. Affiliation of indicators for comprehensive evaluating selenium-rich land quality

准则层指标	隶属度	隶属度函数转折点
准则层指标	隶属度	x₁	x₂
富硒产业质量	$f\left(x\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{c}\quad\qquad\ 1.0,x\ge {x}_{2}\\\dfrac{0.9\left(x-{x}_{1}\right)}{{x}_{2}-{x}_{1}}+0.1,{x}_{1}\le x < {x}_{2}\\ \quad\qquad\ \ 0.1,x < {x}_{1}\end{array}\right. $	0.125	0.3
生态环境		0.7	1
耕地地力		0.48	0.69

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表 7 屯留区富硒土地综合质量评价结果

Table 7. Results of the comprehensive quality assessment of selenium-rich land in Tunliu District

区域	总面积/ km²	等级	一等	二等	三等	四等	五等
张店镇	319.69	比例/%	0	0.02	15.28	37.03	53.30
张店镇	319.69	面积/km²	0	0.02	14.14	105.98	199.65
吾元镇	160.39	比例/%	0.40	6.28	6.93	21.49	22.84
吾元镇	160.39	面积/km²	1.21	5.61	6.41	61.49	85.57
余吾镇	119.84	比例/%	9.27	29.59	25.45	10.06	3.52
余吾镇	119.84	面积/km²	27.74	26.44	23.55	28.80	13.17
路村乡	69.90	比例/%	20.16	6.32	3.31	0.32	0
路村乡	69.90	面积/km²	60.34	5.65	3.06	0.91	0
渔泽镇	30.02	比例/%	9.88	0.32	0	0	0
渔泽镇	30.02	面积/km²	29.57	0.28	0	0	0
河神庙乡	101.26	比例/%	1.51	12.88	23.94	11.57	8.02
河神庙乡	101.26	面积/km²	4.52	11.51	22.15	33.13	30.05
上村镇	43.57	比例/%	12.75	5.88	0.14	0	0
上村镇	43.57	面积/km²	38.17	5.25	0.13	0	0
麟绛街道	64.29	比例/%	16.73	14.30	1.27	0.07	0
麟绛街道	64.29	面积/km²	50.08	12.77	1.17	0.19	0
丰宜镇	146.38	比例/%	3.57	13.35	23.62	19.44	12.30
丰宜镇	146.38	面积/km²	10.70	11.92	21.85	55.63	46.07
李高乡	86.64	比例/%	25.72	11.02	0	0	0
李高乡	86.64	面积/km²	77.01	9.85	0	0	0

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表 8 屯留区农作物及根系土硒元素特征统计

Table 8. Statistical of selenium characteristics of crops and root soil in Tunliu District

样品	种类	样本数	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准离差	变异系数	富集系数	富硒标准	富硒件数	富硒率/%
根系土	小麦	30	0.242	0.529	0.390	0.070	0.18	/	>0.3	27	90.00
	玉米	105	0.119	0.912	0.336	0.145	0.43	/		55	52.38
	谷子	30	0.194	0.411	0.254	0.061	0.24	/		3	16.67
	萝卜	15	0.290	0.407	0.357	0.031	0.09	/		14	93.33
	白菜	15	0.315	0.359	0.343	0.012	0.04	/		15	100.00
	茴子白	15	0.301	0.376	0.345	0.017	0.05	/		15	100.00
	尖椒	15	0.099	0.461	0.269	0.093	0.35	/		7	46.67
	青椒	15	0.301	0.423	0.377	0.031	0.08	/		15	100.00
农作物	小麦	30	0.026	0.138	0.062	0.025	0.40	0.16	≥0.05	20	66.67
	玉米	105	0.015	0.042	0.020	0.006	0.30	0.06		0	0
	谷子	30	0.020	0.028	0.023	0.002	0.08	0.09		0	0
	萝卜	15	0.001	0.003	0.002	0.000	0.18	0.01	≥0.02	0	0
	白菜	15	0.004	0.016	0.007	0.003	0.43	0.02		0	0
	茴子白	15	0.006	0.016	0.009	0.003	0.30	0.03		0	0
	尖椒	15	0.032	0.084	0.057	0.015	0.26	0.21		15	100.00
	青椒	15	0.018	0.042	0.031	0.007	0.22	0.08		14	93.33
注：农作物富集系数为农作物元素含量平均值/根系土元素含量平均值，单位为mg/kg

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表 9 屯留区作物重金属超标情况

Table 9. Exceedance of heavy metals in crops in Tunliu District

指标	样品	样本数	最小值	最大值	平均值	标准离差	变异系数	富集系数	安全限值	超标数	超标率/%
镉	尖椒	15	0.042	0.086	0.059	0.012	0.209	0.412	0.05	12	80.00
镉	青椒	15	0.026	0.074	0.045	0.015	0.322	0.254	0.05	4	26.67
铬	尖椒	15	0.516	1.050	0.670	0.143	0.213	0.010	0.5	15	100.00
铬	青椒	15	0.322	0.588	0.445	0.077	0.174	0.007	0.5	2	13.33
铅	萝卜	15	0.040	0.111	0.078	0.023	0.299	0.003	0.1	2	13.33
	尖椒	15	0.182	0.472	0.252	0.078	0.308	0.010		15	100.00
	青椒	15	0.146	0.272	0.203	0.037	0.183	0.008		15	100.00
注：农作物富集系数为农作物元素含量平均值/根系土元素含量平均值；单位：mg/kg

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