宁夏卫宁北山地区伴生钴矿床地质特征、控矿因素及找矿方向

海连富; 张晓军; 孙永亮; 陶瑞; 柴德亮; 刘安璐; 梅超; 任蕊; 吴亮

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230691

宁夏卫宁北山地区伴生钴矿床地质特征、控矿因素及找矿方向

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230691

海连富^1,,
张晓军^2a, ,,
孙永亮¹,
陶瑞^{1, 4},
柴德亮¹,
刘安璐^2b,
梅超¹,
任蕊¹,
吴亮¹

1.
宁夏回族自治区矿产地质调查院(自治区矿产地质研究所), 银川 750021
2a.
中国地质大学(武汉)资源学院, 武汉 430074
2b.
中国地质大学(武汉)逸夫博物馆, 武汉 430074
4.
西北大学, 西安 710069

基金项目:

宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目 2018BFG02013

宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目 2022AAC05026

宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目 2022AAC03662

详细信息

作者简介:
海连富, E-mail: hailianfu@163.com

通讯作者:
张晓军，E-mail：xjzhang01@cug.edu.cn

中图分类号: P618.62
计量
- 文章访问数: 236
- PDF下载量: 87
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-13
- 录用日期: 2024-03-07
- 修回日期: 2024-03-05

Geological characteristics, controlling factors and prospecting directions of associated cobalt deposits in the Weiningbeishan area, Ningxia

1.
Mineral Geological Survey Institute of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Institute of Mineral Geology of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region), Yinchuan 750021, China
2a.
School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2b.
Yifu Museum, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
4.
Northwestern University, Xi'an 710069, China

More Information

Author Bio:
HAI Lianfu, E-mail: hailianfu@163.com

Corresponding author: ZHANG Xiaojun, E-mail: xjzhang01@cug.edu.cn

摘要

摘要:
卫宁北山地区位于北祁连造山带东段, 是宁夏境内钴矿成矿条件最好的地区之一。为详细了解该地区钴矿形成条件及矿化规律, 在详细野外调查基础上, 综合前人勘查成果, 对卫宁北山地区典型伴生钴矿床地质特征、控矿因素及时空分布规律进行了总结, 提出了下一步找矿方向。研究表明: 大铜沟铜钴矿、茶梁子铁钴矿和土窑铁钴矿是该地区目前已发现的3个代表性伴生钴矿床, 其中大铜沟铜钴矿共发现铜钴矿体3个, Co品位最高达0.06%, 含钴矿物主要为辉砷钴矿、含钴黄铁矿和含钴褐铁矿; 茶梁子铁钴矿分布有4条矿带共8个铁钴矿体, Co品位最高达0.03%, 含钴矿物主要为含钴褐铁矿; 土窑铁钴矿只发现1条铁钴矿体, Co品位最高为0.20%, 含钴矿物与茶梁子相似。钴矿受断裂构造控制明显, 其中西部主要受EW向断裂及其与NE向断裂联合控制, 东部主要受SN向断裂控制。钴矿主要赋存于上石炭统土坡组中, 为主要矿源层; 岩性控矿主要表现在"硅钙面"和能干性不同的岩性组合界面, 控制了矿质沉淀。钴矿化形成时间主要为印支期, Co成矿主要与Cu、Au、Fe和Mn关系密切, 且与Cu、Au有关的钴矿主要分布于西部, 而与Fe、Mn有关的钴矿分布于东部。多期构造叠加及热液改造可能是造成该地区矿种多样的主要原因。卫宁北山西部EW向断裂及其与NE向断裂交汇部位、东部SN向石炭系和泥盆系界面断裂、土坡组内"硅钙面"和能干性不同的岩性组合界面是寻找钴矿最有利部位, 孔雀石化、褐铁矿化等围岩蚀变是铜钴矿、铁钴矿最重要的找矿标志。
- 钴矿 /
- 找矿方向 /
- 成矿时代 /
- 控矿因素 /
- 成矿规律 /
- 矿床地质特征 /
- 卫宁北山 /
- 宁夏
Abstract: <p>Weiningbeishan is located in the eastern section of the North Qilian orogenic belt, which is one of the regions with the most favorable conditions for cobalt mineralization in Ningxia.</p></sec><sec><title>Objective
To understand the formation conditions and mineralization regularity of cobalt deposits in this area,
Methods
this paper summarizes the geological characteristics, controlling factors, and spatiotemporal distribution patterns of typical associated cobalt deposits in Weiningbeishan based on detailed field investigations and previous exploration results and proposes future exploration directions.
Results
Research has shown that the Datonggou copper cobalt deposit, Chaliangzi iron cobalt deposit, and Tuyao iron cobalt deposit are currently three representative associated cobalt deposits discovered in Weiningbeishan area. Among them, three copper cobalt ore bodies were discovered in Datonggou, with the highest Co grade of 0.06%. Cobalt-bearing minerals mainly include pyroxenite, cobalt-bearing pyrite and cobalt-bearing limonite. There are 4 ore belts and 8 iron cobalt ore bodies are distributed in Chaliangzi, with the highest Co grade of 0.03%. The cobalt-bearing minerals are mainly cobalt-bearing limonite. Only one iron cobalt ore body was found in Tuyao, with the highest Co grade of 0.20%. The cobalt-bearing minerals are similar to those of Chaliangzi. Cobalt mineralization is evidently controlled by faults, with the western cobalt deposit mainly controlled by east-west faults and their combined control with northeast faults, while the eastern cobalt deposits are mainly controlled by north-south faults. Cobalt ore are mainly found in the Upper Carboniferous Tupo Formation, which was the main source strata. Lithological control is mainly observed at the "silica-calcium interface" and the lithological combination interface with different competence, which controlled the mineral precipitation. The cobalt metallogenic era was the Indosinian. Cobalt was closely related to Cu, Au, Fe and Mn. Cobalt related to Cu and Au were mainly distributed in the west, while cobalt related to Fe and Mn were mainly distributed in the east. The diversity of mineral species in this region may be attributed to the multistage superimposition of structures and hydrothermal activity.
Conclusion
The most favourable locations for identifying cobalt deposits are the east-west faults and their intersections with the northeast faults in the western part, the north-south Carboniferous and Devonian interface faults in the eastern part, the " silica-calcium interface " within the Tupo Formation, and the lithological combination interfaces with different competence. Malachite alteration and ferritization are the most important prospecting indicators for copper cobalt deposits and iron cobalt deposits.
- cobalt deposit /
- prospecting direction /
- metallogenic era /
- ore-controlling factor /
- metallogenic regularity /
- geological characteristics of the deposit /
- Weiningbeishan /
- Ningxia
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 宁夏卫宁北山地区大地构造位置(a)及区域矿产图(b) (a据文献[31]修改；b据文献[25]修改)

Figure 1. Tectonic location(a) and regional mineral resources map(b) of the Weiningbeishan area, Ningxia

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图 2 大铜沟铜钴矿区地质简图(据文献[26]修改)

Figure 2. Simplified geological map of the Datonggou copper cobalt mining area

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图 3 大铜沟铜钴矿7号勘探线剖面图(勘探线位置见图 2，据文献[35]修编)

Figure 3. Profile of exploration Line 7 of the Datonggou copper cobalt mine

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图 4 大铜沟铜钴矿典型矿石(体)特征及矿物组成(引自文献[35])

a.含钴铁质结核；b.含钴褐铁矿化透镜体；c.含钴黄铁矿石英脉；d.辉砷钴矿与辉铜矿共生；e.辉砷钴矿呈环带状交代含钴黄铁矿；f.含钴褐铁矿

Figure 4. Typical ore(body) characteristics and mineral composition of the Datonggou copper cobalt mine

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图 5 茶梁子铁钴矿区地质简图(a)及203号勘探线剖面图(b) (据文献[36]修改)

Figure 5. Simplified geological map(a) and profile of exploration Line 203(b) of the Chaliangzi iron cobalt mine area

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图 6 茶梁子铁钴矿石(体)特征(a~b引自文献[36])

a.F₆₁断层破碎带；b.铁钴矿(化)体氧化露头；c~f.角砾岩型铁钴矿石，其中c、e和f由胶结物形成

Figure 6. Characteristics of ore(body) from the Chaliangzi iron cobalt mine

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图 7 土窑铁钴矿区地质简图(a)及301号勘探线剖面图(b) (据文献[36]修改)

Figure 7. Simplified geological map(a) and profile of exploration Line 301(b) of the Tuyao iron cobalt mine area

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图 8 宁夏卫宁北山地区典型构造特征

a.二人山近EW向断层破碎带；b.构造交汇部位矿体局部膨大；c.逆断层，断面上盘发育一明显的牵引褶皱，指示上盘向上运动；d.大铜沟发育的剪切褶皱带；e~f.黄石坡沟褶皱近轴部位发育的剪切带，粉砂岩已片理化；g.灰岩与泥岩夹层，灰岩较完整，泥岩发生碎裂岩化、褐铁矿化；h.砂岩与泥岩之间褐铁矿化断层泥；i.剪切形成的构造透镜体结核

Figure 8. Typical structural features of the Weiningbeishan area, Ningxia

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图 9 二人山地区120号勘探线剖面图(勘探线位置详见图 1b，据文献[36]修改)

Figure 9. Profile of exploration Line 120 in the Errenshan area

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图 10 二人山-大铜沟一带1∶25 000钴岩石测量地球化学图(据文献[35]修改)

Figure 10. Geochemical map of cobalt from 1∶25 000 rock measurements in Errenshan-Datonggou area

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图 11 宁夏卫宁北山1∶50 000水系沉积物综合异常图(据文献[36]修改)

Figure 11. Comprehensive anomaly map of 1∶50 000 stream sediment in Weiningbeishan area, Ningxia

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图 12 宁夏卫宁北山西部构造控矿模式图(据文献[41]修改)

Figure 12. Structure-controlling model in the western part of Weiningbeishan area, Ningxia

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表 1 大铜沟铜钴矿主要铜钴矿体特征 ^[35]

Table 1. Characteristics of main copper cobalt ore body in the Datonggou copper cobalt mine

矿体编号	位置	赋矿地层及含矿岩性	规模/m		产状/(°)		真厚度/m	平均品位w_B/%
矿体编号	位置	赋矿地层及含矿岩性	长度	斜深	倾向	倾角	真厚度/m	Cu	Co
Ⅰ号	大铜沟背斜南翼	石炭系土坡组(C₂t)，褐铁矿化石英岩状砂岩和褐铁矿化粉砂岩	200	40^*	145	65	2.50	—	0.03
Ⅱ号	大铜沟背斜南翼	断层破碎带，断层角砾岩	100	40^*	140	80	7.91	—	0.03
54号	大铜沟背斜倾伏端	石炭系土坡组(C₂t)，灰白色富含黄铁矿石英岩状砂岩、含黄铁矿石英脉	200^*	154^*	100	57	7.78	0.47	0.06
注：“*”代表推测值；“—”代表无数据

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表 2 茶梁子铁钴矿主要铁钴矿体特征 ^[36]

Table 2. Characteristics of main iron cobalt ore body in the Chaliangzi iron cobalt mine

矿带编号	矿体编号	赋矿地层及含矿岩性	规模/m		埋深/m	产状/(°)		平均品位(品位)w_B/%
矿带编号	矿体编号	赋矿地层及含矿岩性	长度	真厚度	埋深/m	倾向	倾角	TFe	Co
Ⅰ	Ⅰ-1	泥盆系中宁组第六岩性段(D₃z⁶)，褐铁矿化构造角砾岩、断层泥及石英砂岩透镜体夹层	123^*	2.88	42.32	260	80	32.98	0.03
	Ⅰ-2		123^*	3.45	52.42	270	83	26.30	0.02
	Ⅰ-3		123^*	2.01	61.93	270	83	—	0.02
	Ⅰ-4		648	13.57	0	270	83	30.25	0.02
Ⅱ	Ⅱ-1		505	6.95	0	270	80	28.41	0.01
Ⅱ	Ⅱ-2		540	6.25	0	270	83	35.58	0.02
Ⅲ	Ⅲ-1	石炭系前黑山组(C₁q)，褐铁矿化构造角砾岩、断层泥及石英砂岩透镜体夹层	100^*	5.31	0	235	65	10.67~47.50	0.01~0.03
Ⅳ	Ⅳ-1	石炭系臭牛沟组(C₁c)，褐铁矿化构造角砾岩、断层泥及石英砂岩透镜体夹层	20^*	0.76	0	320	86	29.10	0.01
注：“*”代表推测值；“—”代表无数据

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表 3 金场子矿区化探剖面测量钴含量(异常)统计结果

Table 3. Statistical results of Co content(anomaly) in geochemical profile measurement of Jinchangzi mining area

取样位置	达到异常样品数	主要岩性	w(Co)/10^-6
取样位置	达到异常样品数	主要岩性	区间值	平均值	最大值
金场子南部76勘探线探槽TC7601	4	粉砂岩	66.7~81.7	73.9	81.7
金场子南部75勘探线探槽TC7502	14	粉砂岩、粉砂质泥岩	22.2~127.0	41.0	127.0
金场子南部74勘探线西侧	7	泥质粉砂岩	23.5~76.9	39.9	76.9
金场子南部71勘探线	2	钙质粉砂岩	22.0~56.8	39.4	56.8
金场子南部69勘探线	5	泥岩、灰岩	21.1~57.8	43.0	57.8
金场子南部65勘探线	4	粉砂质泥岩	20.0~28.2	23.8	28.2
金场子西部35勘探线	10	弱硅化泥岩、石英砂岩	25.5~205.0	70.5	205.0
金场子西部38勘探线	3	粉砂岩	22.4~34.2	27.9	34.2
金场子西部39勘探线	10	泥岩	20.8~111.0	51.4	111.0
金场子西部93勘探线	5	构造角砾岩	20.1~65.9	41.3	65.9
金场子西部92勘探线	8	构造角砾岩、泥质粉砂岩	21.0~79.8	44.5	79.8
金场子西部35勘探线斜井XJ12	20	粉砂岩	20.1~135.0	43.3	135.0
金场子西部35勘探线斜井XJ12内XJ12-1沿脉	15	矿化破碎带(断层泥)	21.6~177.0	78.3	177.0
注：钴异常品位边界为20×10^-6

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