早石炭世断陷盆地构造特征及演化规律与页岩气保存关系: 以桂中坳陷融水地区为例

岑文攀; 覃英伦; 王祥; 熊伟伟; 黄文芳; 卓色强

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230723

早石炭世断陷盆地构造特征及演化规律与页岩气保存关系: 以桂中坳陷融水地区为例

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20230723

岑文攀^{1, 2,},
覃英伦^{3, 4, ,},
王祥¹,
熊伟伟³,
黄文芳¹,
卓色强⁵

1.
广西壮族自治区地质调查院, 南宁 530023
2.
中国地质大学(武汉)构造与油气资源教育部重点实验室, 武汉 430074
3.
广西能源集团有限公司, 南宁 530000
4.
中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102299
5.
广西柳州发电有限公司, 广西柳州 545001

基金项目:

广西能源集团项目 LD-2022-117

广西科技厅重点研发计划项目 2021AB30011

广西地矿局科研项目桂地矿综研[2023]13号, GXDK202430

广西关键矿产资源深部勘查人才小高地 2019085

广西国资委核心科技攻关和重大科技创新项目 2060404

详细信息

作者简介:
岑文攀, E-mail: cenwp23@163.com

通讯作者:
覃英伦，E-mail：853766405@qq.com

中图分类号: P618.13
计量
- 文章访问数: 270
- PDF下载量: 521
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-01-02
- 录用日期: 2024-03-15
- 修回日期: 2024-01-19

Relationship between structure and evolution of the Early Carboniferous rifted basin and shale gas preservation: A case study of the Rongshui area in the Guizhong Depression

1.
Guangxi Institute of Geological Survey, Nanning 530023, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of the Ministry of Education, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
3.
Guangxi Energy Group Co., Ltd., Nanning 530000, China
4.
School of Earth Sciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102299, China
5.
Guangxi Liuzhou Power Generation Co., Ltd., Liuzhou Guangxi 545001, China

More Information

Author Bio:
CEN Wenpan, E-mail: cenwp23@163.com

Corresponding author: QIN Yinglun, E-mail: 853766405@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
广西页岩气勘探已在雪峰山隆起南缘桂中坳陷中北部的下石炭统鹿寨组取得多处页岩气重要发现, 商业试采取得出气点火成功, 但该地区坳陷内结构及演化特征尚未明确, 制约了对富有机质泥页岩形成条件与有利沉积相带展布特征、页岩气富集规律的准确认识。以融水地区为例, 通过地质调查分析、二维-三维地震剖面构造解译及演化平衡剖面等技术, 对主要构造及结构特征、构造演化规律及其与页岩气保存关系进行研究, 认为研究区现存3条主干断裂、NE-NNE向4个主要向斜构造, 先存的NNE向三江-融安断裂是伸展断陷、挤压-走滑改造作用的主控因素。研究区在寒武系褶皱基底上, 伸展断陷发展于晚泥盆世、强盛于早石炭世早期、停止于早石炭世晚期, 坳陷改造期的挤压-走滑作用发育于印支期、燕山期, 喜山期局部张性作用。现今的褶皱体系主体形成于印支期, 受自西向东三江融安断裂的逆冲作用逐渐增强的影响, 呈现宽缓向斜-复式向斜-断展褶皱的构造样式展布规律。沙坪复式向斜是页岩气保存的有利构造单元, 页岩气保存有利的构造样式为断向斜、断背斜。该认识明确了该地区下一步页岩气勘探部署的方向, 为桂中坳陷中北部的环江浅凹等结构和演化认识提供有利思路。
- 早石炭世 /
- 断陷盆地 /
- 构造演化 /
- 桂中坳陷 /
- 页岩气保存 /
- 沙坪复式向斜
Abstract: Objective
Many important discoveries have been made in shale gas exploration in the Lower Carboniferous Luzhai Formation in the central and northern Guizhong Depression, southern margin of the Xuefengshan Uplift, and commercial test production has achieved successful gas ignition. However, the structure and evolution of the depression in this area have not been clearly defined, which restricts an accurate understanding of the formation conditions for organic-rich mud shale, the distribution of favourable sedimentary facies zones, and shale gas enrichment law.
Methods
Taking the Rongshui area as an example, this paper studies the main structures and their relationships with shale gas preservation through geological investigation and analysis, 2D-3D seismic section structural interpretation, evolutionary equilibrium section interpretation and other technologies.
Results
It is believed that there are three main faults and four main NE-NNE synclines in the study area. The preexisting NNE-trending Sanjiang-Rong'an fault is the main factor involved in extensional fault depression and compression-strike-slip transformation. In the study area, the extensional fault depression developed in the Late Devonian, strengthened in the Early Carboniferous and stopped in the late Early Carboniferous. The compression-strike-slip effect of the depression reconstruction developed in the Indochinese and Yanshanian stages, and the local tensioning effect developed in the Alpine stage. The main part of the present fold system was formed in the Indosinian period. Influenced by the increasing thrust of the Sanjiang-Rong'an fault from west to east, the structure pattern of broad and slow synclinal-compound synclinal-faulted folds is distributed. Complex synclines are favourable structural units for shale gas preservation, and the favourable structural styles for shale gas preservation are synclines and anticlines.
Conclusion
This understanding clearly defines the direction of shale gas exploration and deployment in the next step, and provides a beneficial idea for the structure and evolution of the Liucheng slope in the north-central part of the Guizhong Depression.
- Early Carboniferous /
- fault basin /
- tectonic evolution /
- Guizhong Depression /
- shale gas preservation /
- Shaping complex syncline
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 研究区位置(图a据文献[23])

①三都断裂; ②南丹-昆仑关断裂带; ③龙胜-永福断裂带; ④凭祥-大黎断裂带; ⑤河池-柳城断裂带; ⑥加贵-古蓬断裂带; ⑦里苗-乔贤断裂带; ⑧柳州-来宾断裂带; ⑨荔浦断裂带; ⑩下雷-灵马断裂带

Figure 1. Location of the study area

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图 2 研究区地层发育特征及构造层划分图

Q.第四系；N.新近系；E.古近系；K.白垩系；J.侏罗系；T.三叠系；P.二叠系；C.石炭系；D.泥盆系；S.志留系；O.奥陶系；∈.寒武系；C₂.上石炭统；C₁.下石炭统；D₃.上泥盆统；D₂.中泥盆统；P₃h.合山组；P₃d.大隆组；P₂m.茅口组；P₂q.栖霞组；C₂P₁m.马平组；C₂h.黄龙组；C₂d.大浦组；C₁l.罗城组；C₁s.寺门组；C₁h.黄金组；C₁lz.鹿寨组；C₁y.尧云岭组；D₃l.榴江组；D₃w.五指山组；D₂x.信都组；D₂d.东岗岭组；下同

Figure 2. Stratigraphic development characteristics and structural layer division in the study area

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图 3 融水-柳城页岩气区块构造纲要图

Figure 3. Structural outline of the Rongshui-Liucheng shale gas block

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图 4 尖山向斜素描图

C_1-2l.罗城组；C₁lz³.鹿寨组三段；C₁lz².鹿寨组二段；C₁lz¹.鹿寨组一段；D₁r.融县组

Figure 4. Sketch of the Jianshan syncline

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图 5 沙坪复式向斜素描图

Figure 5. Sketch of the Shaping complex syncline

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图 6 桂中坳陷融水地区A-A′三维-二维地震剖面地层-构造解译图(位置见图 1，下同)

Figure 6. A-A′ 3D-2D seismic section stratigraphic-structural interpretation map of Rongshui area in the Guizhong Depression

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图 7 桂中坳陷融水地区C-C′(a)-B-B′(b)地震剖面构造解译及灰丘体展布特征图

Figure 7. Structural interpretation and distribution characteristics of ash mounds C-C′(a) and B-B′(b) seismic profiles in the Rongshui area of the Guizhong Depression

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图 8 伏虎断裂(F₃)在F-F′地震剖面形态特征(位置见图 1)

Figure 8. Morphological characteristics of the Fuhu fault(F₃) in the F-F′ seismic section

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图 9 研究区次级断裂平面分布图(3~30为断裂编号)

Figure 9. Plane distribution of secondary faults in the study area

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图 10 研究区次级断裂延伸长度分布图

Figure 10. Distribution of the extension length of secondary faults in the study area

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图 11 研究区次级断裂垂直断距分布图

Figure 11. Distribution of the vertical fault distances of secondary faults in the study area

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图 12 研究区地震相特征平面分布图

Figure 12. Plane distribution of seismic facies features in the study area

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图 13 研究区主干A-A′演化平衡剖面(晚泥盆-晚石炭世)

C₂h.上石炭统黄龙组；C₁yt.下石炭统英塘组；D₃.上泥盆统；D₃r.上泥盆统融县组；D₂.中泥盆统；D₂t.中泥盆统唐家湾组

Figure 13. A-A′ evolutionary equilibrium profile of the main body of the study area

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图 14 研究区主干断裂A-A′演化平衡剖面(二叠纪-现今)

Figure 14. A-A′ evolutionary equilibrium profile of the main faults of the study area(Permian-present)

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图 15 桂中坳陷融水地区三维地震区主干断裂、断陷期地层厚度特征分布

Figure 15. 3D thickness distribution map of the main faults and fault period in the Rongshui area of the Guizhong Depression

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表 1 研究区主要褶皱发育特征统计

Table 1. Statistics of major fold changes in the study area

编号	名称	轴向/(°)	长度/km	宽度/km	出露地层		翼部岩层倾角/(°)	形成时期	形态特征
编号	名称	轴向/(°)	长度/km	宽度/km	核部	翼部	翼部岩层倾角/(°)	形成时期	形态特征
1	都月-杨柳向斜	40	50	4	泥盆、石炭系	W15~30	N70	印支晚期-燕山早期	紧密向斜
2	和睦向斜	0~20	20	2.5	C₁h	C₁y-C₁lz	10~30	印支晚期-燕山早期	宽缓、长轴状
3	尖山向斜	10~30	＞19	7	C₂h-C₂d	C₁h-C_1-2l	30	印支晚期-燕山早期	宽缓、长轴状
4	沙坪复式向斜	0~30	23	4~5	C₁h	C₁lz -D₂x	20~35	印支晚期-燕山早期	长轴状

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表 2 研究区主干断裂活动期次及断裂性质统计

Table 2. Statistics of the main fault activity stages and fracture properties in the study area

断层级别	编号	断层名称	走向/(°)	断层、节理产状		现今断层性质	形成时期	海西期	印支期	燕山期	喜山期
断层级别	编号	断层名称	走向/(°)	倾向	倾角/(°)	现今断层性质	形成时期	海西期	印支期	燕山期	喜山期
二级	F₁	三江-融安断裂	30~35	NW	40~80	逆断层	加里东	正断层	逆断层	压扭-走滑	断层
三级	F₂	和睦断裂	350	NE	30	逆断层	加里东	正断层	逆断层	压扭-走滑	正断层
三级	F₃	伏虎断裂	20~35	NW	75~80	正断层	海西期	正断层	—	—	—

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表 3 研究区主干演化平衡剖面伸缩率统计

Table 3. Statistics of the expansion ratio of the main evolutionary equilibrium profile in the study area

	晚泥盆世五指山组(D₃w)沉积期		早石炭世尧云岭组(C₁y)沉积期		早石炭世鹿寨组(C₁lz)沉积期		早石炭世黄金组和寺门组(C₁h+C₁s)沉积期		印支期		燕山期(侏罗纪)		燕山晚期(白垩纪)
原剖面长度/m	伸缩量/m	伸缩率/%	伸缩量/m	伸缩率/%	伸缩量/m	伸缩率/%	伸缩量/m	伸缩率/%	伸缩量/m	伸缩率/%	伸缩量/m	伸缩率/%	伸缩量/m	伸缩率/%
15 018	309	2.06	716	4.77	473	3.15	241.8	1.61	665.89	-4.43	1 444.12	-9.62	895.82	-5.96

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表 4 研究区主干断裂水平断距演化特征

Table 4. Horizontal distance characteristics of main faults evolution in the study area 水平断距/m

断裂	D₃w沉积末	C₁y沉积末	C₁lz沉积末	C₁h+C₁s沉积末	印支期	燕山期(侏罗纪)	燕山晚期(白垩纪)
F₁	136.49	397.10	257.09	118.84	-382.94	-995.29	-762.31
F₂	70.60	54.71	55.30	50.59	-282.94	-448.82	-133.52
F₃	102.36	264.74	160.61	72.36	—	—	—
累计	309.45	716.55	472.99	241.79	-665.88	-1 444.12	-895.83

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