Formation mechanism and characteristics of Carboniferous volcanic buried hill reservoirs in the northwest margin of LQ area in Junggar Basin
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摘要:
准噶尔盆地西北缘LQ区发育大型火山岩风化壳油气藏，与其他地区火山岩风化壳油气藏不同的是，该风化壳储层垂向上具有多层性和较强的非均质性，平面上具有明显的分带性。目前对该火山岩风化壳储层的纵、横向分带性及有利储层的分布规律认识不清，阻碍了该区进一步的火山岩油气勘探，需对这种独特的火山岩风化壳储层深入分析。本次研究以测井、钻井、岩性、野外地质剖面等资料为依据，分析了火山岩风化壳形成过程、垂向和横向分带性以及有利勘探方向等。研究区石炭系火山岩风化壳古潜山演化可划分为裂隙式火山初始喷发阶段、火山喷发的间歇阶段、火山再次活动阶段、石炭系火山顶部风化壳形成等4个阶段。火山岩风化壳储层主要形成于火山喷发的间歇性，而风化物质则为喷发期形成的火山岩以及与火山岩相关的沉积岩，多期次火山喷发与风化形成了火山岩内部多层风化壳。每一期的风化壳自下而上均可划分出基岩层、裂缝层、砂化层、沉积层等，其中裂缝层和砂化层储层物性较好，是主要的油气储集层。平面上，风化壳划分为溶蚀台地区、溶蚀斜坡区、溶蚀洼地区等，其中溶蚀斜坡区裂缝和溶孔最发育，是最有利的勘探目标区。溶蚀洼地区胶结作用严重，储层物性最差。
Abstract:In the LQ area of the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin, large-scale volcanic weathering crust oil and gas reservoirs have developed. Unlike volcanic weathering crust reservoirs in other regions, this weathering crust reservoir exhibits multiple vertical layers and strong heterogeneity, with distinct zonation on the horizontal plane.
Objective Currently, the understanding of the vertical and horizontal zonation of this volcanic weathering crust reservoir and the distribution patterns of favorable reservoirs remains unclear, hindering further exploration of volcanic oil and gas in the area. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of this unique volcanic weathering crust reservoir is necessary.
Methods This study, based on data from well logging, drilling, lithology, and field geological profiles, analyzed the formation process of the volcanic weathering crust, its vertical and horizontal zonation, and favorable exploration directions.
Results The evolution of the Carboniferous volcanic weathering crust paleo-buried hill in the study area can be divided into four stages: the initial fissure-type volcanic eruption stage, the intermittent stage of volcanic eruptions, the stage of renewed volcanic activity, and the formation stage of the Carboniferous volcanic top weathering crust. The volcanic weathering crust reservoir mainly formed during the intermittent stages of volcanic eruptions, with the weathering materials consisting of volcanic rocks formed during the eruption periods and sedimentary rocks associated with volcanic activity. Multiple episodes of volcanic eruptions and weathering resulted in the formation of multi-layered weathering crusts within the volcanic rocks.
Conclusion Each episode of the weathering crust can be divided, from bottom to top, into the bedrock layer, fracture layer, sandy layer, and sedimentary layer. Among these, the fracture layer and sandy layer have better reservoir properties and are the main oil and gas reservoirs. Horizontally, the weathering crust is divided into the dissolution platform area, dissolution slope area, and dissolution depression area. The dissolution slope area, where fractures and dissolution pores are most developed, is the most favorable exploration target. In contrast, the dissolution depression area suffers from severe cementation, resulting in the poorest reservoir properties.
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图 2 准噶尔盆地西北缘LQ区石炭系火山岩岩性特征
a. G27井
1148.66 m，灰色安山岩；b. G28井1230 m，灰黑色安山岩；c. G28井1266.82 m，暗褐色安山岩；d. 6511井深灰色块状凝灰岩，430.6 m；e. B001井1280.67 m，灰色块状凝灰岩；f. 6511井489.32 m，含砂凝灰岩；g. B001井1439.8 m，砾岩；h. G113井1222.11 m，灰色凝灰质砂岩Figure 2. Lithological of Carboniferous Volcanic Rocks in LQ Area, Northwest Margin of the Junggar Basin
图 3 准噶尔盆地西北缘LQ区石炭系火山岩系岩相对比（剖面位置详见图1中剖面A−A'）
Figure 3. Lithofacies Comparison of Carboniferous Volcanic Rock Series in LQ Area, Northwest Margin of the Junggar Basin
图 4 准噶尔盆地西北缘LQ区石炭系火山机构分布特征
Figure 4. Distribution characteristics of Carboniferous volcanic institutions in LQ area, northwest margin of the Junggar Basin
图 5 准噶尔盆地西北缘LQ区石炭系火山演化阶段划分
a. 裂隙式火山岩初始喷发阶段；b. 火山喷发的间歇阶段；c. 火山再次活动阶段；d. 石炭系火山顶部风化壳形成阶段
Figure 5. Division of Carboniferous volcanic evolution stages in LQ area, northwest margin of the Junggar Basin
图 6 本次研究提出的火山岩风化壳垂向分带模式
Figure 6. The vertical zoning model of volcanic rock weathering crust proposed in this study
图 7 LQ区
6511 井石炭系火山岩风化壳单井划分方案Figure 7. Single well classification plan for weathered crust of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in Well
6511 of LQ area
图 8 LQ区石炭系火山岩风化壳平面分带模式
Figure 8. Planar zonation model of weathering crust of Carboniferous volcanic rocks in LQ area
图 9 研究区火山岩裂缝倾角直方图
Figure 9. Histogram of dip angle of volcanic rock fracture in the study area
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