湟水河流域矿泉水水化学分布特征及界限指标来源分析

胡峰; 刁玉山; 何钟强; 黄鑫; 邓斌; 罗安平; 孟越; 张子茵

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240055

湟水河流域矿泉水水化学分布特征及界限指标来源分析

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240055

胡峰^1,,
刁玉山^2, ,,
何钟强²,
黄鑫²,
邓斌¹,
罗安平¹,
孟越¹,
张子茵¹

1.
中国地质大学（武汉）环境学院，武汉 430074
2.
青海省水文地质工程地质环境地质调查院青海省水文地质及地热地质重点实验室，西宁 810001

基金项目: 青海省地质矿产开发局局计划科研和生产项目（DCY2023SW01（SK））

详细信息

作者简介:
胡峰：E-mail：1467364298@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：1142712931@qq.com

计量
- 文章访问数: 120
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-02-14
- 录用日期: 2024-05-17
- 修回日期: 2024-05-15
- 网络出版日期: 2024-11-27

Characteristics of hydrochemical distribution of mineral water in Huangshui River Catchment and source analysis of threshold value elements

1.
School of Environmental studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
2.
Hydrogeology, Engineering geology and Environmental Geology Survey, Key Laboratory of Hydrogeology and geothermal geology, Xining 810001, China

More Information

Author Bio:
E-mail：1467364298@qq.com

Corresponding author: E-mail：1142712931@qq.com

摘要

摘要:
天然矿泉水不仅是宝贵的矿产资源，还能够为地表水环境系统（例如湿地与河岸带）提供补给水源，在保持生态系统多样化方面扮演重要角色。发源于青海省海晏、湟源的湟水河流域内发现了大量富锶矿泉水，少量泉水同时富含锂和偏硅酸。然而，目前对矿泉水中这些界限指标的来源及其相关水化学演化过程尚缺乏研究，同时个别采样点存在限量指标超标的情况，直接影响了矿泉水的开发利用，是目前亟待解决的问题。以青海湟水河流域为研究区，通过采集流域内天然泉水样品，采用水文地球化学分析及物质迁移模拟方法揭示矿泉水水化学特征与成因机制，这对理解湟水河流域地下水水化学演化过程具有重要意义。研究区地下水样品中大部分达到了国家饮用天然矿泉水的标准，且锶含量全部大于0.2 mg/L，少数样品富含锂和偏硅酸。水化学分析结果表明，地下水从补给区到排泄区，其水化学类型逐渐从HCO₃-Ca·Mg型过渡到SO₄-Na型，这是地下水在运移过程中不断溶解石膏层的结果。从Sr与HCO₃⁻、SO₄^2-和Cl⁻的相关性分析中可以看出，碳酸盐岩对地下水Sr含量的贡献程度有限；相反，由于Ca与Sr化学性质相似，在矿物中易发生原子交换，从而石膏层或蒸发岩类矿物中可能富集含Sr矿物，此类岩层在水岩作用下会释放一定量的Sr。地下水中锂的来源主要与古咸水湖沉积环境有关，过量的偏硅酸则来源于地热水在深循环过程中溶滤的铝硅酸盐矿物。通过物质迁移模拟分析发现，在北部流径上，地下水主要溶解石膏、石盐和伊利石，而天青石和锂辉石的溶解贡献了锶和锂；在南部流径上，石膏和石盐的溶解导致高TDS值，且去白云石化过程显著。研究成果能够为矿泉水资源的合理开发利用和保护提供科学依据。
- 天然矿泉水 /
- 界限指标 /
- 水文地质成因 /
- 湟水河流域 /
- 青海
Abstract: <p>Natural mineral water is not only a kind of valuable mineral resource, but also a water supply source for surface water system (e.g., wet land and riparian zone), which is critical for keeping the biological diversity. A large amount of strontium-rich mineral water has been discovered in the Huangshui River catchment, which originates in Haiyan and Huangyuan, Qinghai Province, with a few springs also containing lithium and metasilicic acid. </p></sec><sec><title>Objective
However, the study on the genesis of threshold-value elements and the related hydrochemical evolution processes are rare. In addition, some sampling points have exceeded the threshold value, which directly affects the development and utilization of mineral water and is an urgent problem that needs to be solved.
Methods
In this study, the Huangshui River Catchment was considered as a target area. Hydrogeochemical and modeling methods were employed to uncover the hydrochemical features and genesis of mineral water by collecting spring samples from the catchment, which can play an important role in understanding the hydrogeochemical processes within the groundwater system in the Huangshui River Catchment.
Results
Most of the groundwater samples in this study area reach the standards of the National Drinking Natural Mineral Water, and all the strontium concentration is higher than 0.2 mg/L with a few samples being rich in lithium and metasilicic acid. The Hydrogeological result shows that the groundwater moving from recharge area to discharge area has a transition of hydrochemical type from HCO₃-Ca·Mg to SO₄-Na, which is the result of gypsum dissolving in groundwater. The relationships between Sr and the major anions such as HCO₃⁻、SO₄²⁻ and Cl⁻ show that carbonates have a limited contribution on Sr concentration in groundwater. Instead, the gypsum layers may contain a certain number of Sr-bearing minerals because of the atom exchange between Ca and Sr. Those Sr-bearing minerals are responsible for the high concentration of Sr in groundwater. In terms of the genesis of Li and Si in groundwater, the ancient salt lake sedimental environment may explain the former one and the dissolving of aluminumsilicate minerals may explain the latter. The inverse modeling shows that the groundwater mainly dissolves gypsum, rock salt and illite, while the dissolution of azurite and lithium pyroxene contributes strontium and lithium in the northern catchment. The dissolution of gypsum and halite leads to the high TDS of groundwater in the southern catchment, combined with the dedolomitization process.
Conclusion
The whole research findings can serve as scientific basis for exploration and preservation of mineral waters.
- natural mineral water /
- threshold value elements /
- hydrogeological mechanisms /
- Huangshui River Catchment /
- Qinghai

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图 1 青海省湟水河流域水文地质图及采样点

Figure 1. Hydrogeological map and sampling points of Huangshui River Catchment in Qinghai Province

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图 2 青海省湟水河流域地下水样品Piper三线图

Figure 2. Piper's trilinear diagram of groundwater samples in Huangshui River catchment, Qinghai Province

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图 3 地下水样品Ca（a）、Mg（b）与HCO₃质量浓度相关关系图；石膏与方解石的饱和指数（SI）关系图（c）；Cl与Na相关关系图（d）

Figure 3. Plot of groundwater samples correlating Ca (a), Mg (b) with HCO₃ concentration; saturation index (SI) of gypsum with calcite (c); Cl with Na (d)

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图 4 研究区地下水Sr与TDS（a）、HCO₃⁻（b）、SO₄²⁻（c）以及Cl⁻（d）质量浓度相关关系图

Figure 4. Correlation of groundwater Sr with TDS (a), HCO₃⁻ (b), SO₄²⁻ (c) and Cl⁻ (d) concentrations in the study area

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表 1 青海省湟水河流域地下水现场物理指标

Table 1. On-site physical indicators of groundwater in Huangshui River Catchment, Qinghai Province

泉点编号	地理位置	水温/℃	感官要求
			色度/(°)	浑浊度/(°)	滋味气味	状态
			≤10	NTU≤1	无	透明
HSQ01	湟中区李家山镇饮用天然矿泉水	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ02	湟中区	4	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ03	湟中区	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ04	湟中区	7	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ06	湟中区田家寨镇阴坡村黑沟峡	11	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ07	湟中西堡葛一村	9	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ08	湟中西堡葛一村	9	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ09	湟中区	38	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ10	湟中区田家寨子沟峡	18.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ11	湟中区田家寨子沟峡	15.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ12	互助县红崖子沟米子弯	9.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ13	互助县佑宁寺矿泉水	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ14	互助县南门峡镇西山根村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ15	互助县东山乡大庄村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ16	互助县东山乡大泉村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ17	互助县东山乡哈家沟村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ18	平安县冰岭山村	20～25	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ19	平安区佛岭饮用天然矿泉水	7	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ20	平安区上尧村	7	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ21	平安县洪水泉乡下马圈村	9.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ24	大通县景阳乡天然饮用矿泉水	7	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ25	大通县向化乡下滩村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ26	大通县向化乡上滩村	5.5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ27	大通县药水庄天然饮用矿泉水	5	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ30	西宁市共字桥	9	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ31	城中区泉尔湾村	10	<5	<0.5	无臭微咸	无
HSQ32	海晏县文迦牧场	3	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ33	海晏县甘子河达玉村	51	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ34	湟中区门旦峡	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
HSQ35	湟源县加牙麻村	6	<5	<0.5	无	无
注：NTU. nephelometric turbidity unit，是一种国际公认的浊度测量单位。

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表 2 青海省湟水河流域地下水界限指标

Table 2. Groundwater threshold value elements of Huangshui River Basin, Qinghai Province

泉点编号	界限指标ρ_B/(mg·L)⁻¹
	锂 Li	锶 Sr	锌 Zn	硒 Se	偏硅酸	游离CO₂	溶解性总固体
	≥0.2	≥0.2	≥0.2	≥0.01	≥25	≥250	≥1000
HSQ01	0.009	0.846	<0.0008	<0.00025	12.7	4.07	790
HSQ02	0.005	0.304	0.001	<0.00025	9.17	1.02	518
HSQ03	0.011	0.491	0.002	<0.00025	16	1.02	520
HSQ04	0.011	0.510	0.004	<0.00025	15.3	2.03	670
HSQ06	0.005	0.311	0.017	<0.00025	7.4	145	846
HSQ07	0.01	0.442	<0.0008	<0.00025	9.07	4.47	455
HSQ08	0.011	0.387	<0.0008	<0.00025	9.21	2.23	458
HSQ09	0.028	0.448	0.004	<0.00025	31.3	113	1904
HSQ10	0.011	0.341	<0.0008	<0.00025	15.8	132	1435
HSQ11	0.013	0.380	<0.0008	<0.00025	17.6	232	1496
HSQ12	0.038	2.432	0.016	<0.00025	13.2	4.47	1624
HSQ13	0.004	0.417	0.028	<0.00025	6.06	3.35	516
HSQ14	0.01	0.428	0.004	<0.00025	13	5.08	533
HSQ15	0.01	0.490	0.003	<0.00025	9.89	1.02	541
HSQ16	0.016	0.610	0.008	<0.00025	13.2	2.03	705
HSQ17	0.014	0.711	0.002	<0.00025	11.2	4.07	696
HSQ18	0.447	2.827	0.025	<0.00025	14.8	79.2	6713
HSQ19	0.016	0.702	<0.0008	<0.00025	12.8	6.03	693
HSQ20	0.118	2.135	0.02	<0.00025	22.1	141	4302
HSQ21	0.349	9.818	<0.0008	<0.00025	16.4	3.35	5734
HSQ24	0.007	0.479	0.002	<0.00025	11.3	5.08	662
HSQ25	0.007	0.313	0.002	<0.00025	9.35	7.81	442
HSQ26	0.003	0.307	0.0008	<0.00025	8.93	1.12	322
HSQ27	0.004	0.220	0.007	<0.00025	6.32	1.01	240
HSQ30	0.054	3.370	<0.0008	<0.00025	13.6	3.35	828
HSQ31	0.057	3.603	0.001	<0.00025	12.1	3.05	3542
HSQ32	0.005	0.428	0.007	<0.00025	12.9	1.01	607
HSQ33	0.051	0.437	0.003	<0.00025	45.6	20.1	890
HSQ34	0.006	0.372	0.004	<0.00025	12.5	3.05	764
HSQ35	0.003	0.312	<0.0008	<0.00025	8.58	2.01	346

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表 3 青海省湟水河流域地下水限量指标

Table 3. Groundwater limit indicators for Huangshui River catchment, Qinghai Province

泉点编号	限量指标ρ_B/(mg·L)⁻¹
	硒 Se	锑 Sb	铜 Cu	钡Ba	铬Cr	锰 Mn	镍 Ni	银 Ag	溴酸盐	硼酸盐	氟化物	耗氧量	挥发酚	氰	矿物油	阴离子合成洗涤剂	总β放射性
	<0.05	<0.005	<1.0	<0.7	<0.05	<0.4	<0.02	<0.05	<0.01	<5	<1.5	<2.0	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.3	<1.50Bq/L
HSQ01	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.287	0.007	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.223	0.87	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.22
HSQ02	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.075	0.006	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.153	1.11	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.06
HSQ03	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.199	0.008	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.359	0.87	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.08
HSQ04	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.137	0.006	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.243	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.17
HSQ06	<0.00025	<0.00008	0.001	0.099	0.006	0.023	0.003	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.17	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.15
HSQ07	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.169	0.002	0.001	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.055	0.79	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.07
HSQ08	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.174	0.002	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.1	0.79	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.07
HSQ09	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.399	0.005	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	0.53	0.327	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	2.55
HSQ10	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.229	0.005	0.005	0.001	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.281	0.71	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.29
HSQ11	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.266	0.007	0.032	0.001	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.328	1.19	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.35
HSQ12	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.025	0.006	0.004	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	0.46	0.466	1.19	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.09
HSQ13	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.071	<0.00009	0.002	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.142	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.07
HSQ14	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.193	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.229	1.03	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.05
HSQ15	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.034	0.002	0.003	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.519	1.03	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ16	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.036	0.002	0.002	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.395	1.11	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ17	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.086	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.661	1.03	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.05
HSQ18	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.099	0.005	0.431	0.077	<0.00003	<0.005	2.82	1.11	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	6.8
HSQ19	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.204	0.007	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.428	1.11	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.03
HSQ20	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.044	0.005	0.305	0.012	<0.00003	<0.005	1.96	1.97	1.43	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ21	<0.00025	<0.00008	0.001	0.229	0.009	0.031	0.002	<0.00003	<0.005	2.51	1.86	2.3	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ24	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.154	0.006	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.13	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.06
HSQ25	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.156	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.114	0.63	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ26	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.193	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.075	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01
HSQ27	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.197	<0.00009	0.001	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.092	0.87	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.16
HSQ30	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.63	0.014	0.05	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	0.29	0.789	1.03	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.04
HSQ31	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.009	0.018	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	1.41	0.826	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.28
HSQ32	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.048	<0.00009	0.002	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.175	3.01	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.17
HSQ33	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.131	<0.00009	0.058	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	0.44	2.94	1.35	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.24
HSQ34	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.156	0.007	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	/	<0.20	0.146	0.95	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	0.17
HSQ35	<0.00025	<0.00008	<0.00009	0.152	<0.00009	<0.00006	<0.00007	<0.00003	<0.005	<0.20	0.145	1.19	<0.002	<0.002	<0.01	<0.05	<0.01

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表 4 青海省湟水河流域地下水主要常量组分及水化学类型

Table 4. Main constant components and hydrochemical types of groundwater in huangshui River Catchment, Qinghai Province

泉点编号		主要常量组分ρ_B/(mg·L)⁻¹
泉点编号	Sr	钙	镁	钠	钾	重碳酸根	硫酸根	氯化物	硝酸根	pH	铁	碳酸根	亚硝酸根	磷酸根	氟化物	总硬度	水化学类型
HSQ01	0.846	137	32.9	17.7	1.45	427	61.9	42	65.6	7.63	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.223	477.89	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ02	0.304	61.6	49.7	0.53	1.53	279	84.2	19.4	5.9	8.03	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.153	358.63	HCO₃·SO₄-Mg·Ca
HSQ03	0.491	84.9	25.7	4.76	0.46	365	17.1	4.91	12.6	8.12	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.359	317.89	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ04	0.510	128	20.8	15.7	0.85	377	63.3	35.4	41.5	7.65	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.243	405.52	HCO₃-Ca
HSQ06	0.311	135	53	3.84	2.47	559	82.4	2.53	2.71	6.86	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.17	556.31	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ07	0.442	59.6	34.9	4.68	2.05	278	44.4	11.4	14.4	7.81	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.055	292.47	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ08	0.387	58.8	37.1	6.41	2.19	284	39.6	10.8	13.2	7.85	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.1	299.57	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ09	0.448	330	91.6	9.49	2.35	1412	34.8	7.07	0.748	6.77	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.327	1202.35	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ10	0.341	270	59.9	5.16	2.21	1051	39.1	2.44	1.86	6.41	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.281	921.09	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ11	0.380	269	61.1	6.34	2.47	1090	39	2.46	0.772	6.41	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.328	924.20	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ12	2.432	162	81.9	187	18.7	412	524	174	47.9	7.4	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.466	740.78	SO₄-Na
HSQ13	0.417	93.8	23.5	2.84	3.08	228	139	7.45	0.557	7.6	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.142	331.15	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ14	0.428	92.6	22	8.61	1.95	338	32.3	12.3	17	7.62	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.229	321.99	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ15	0.490	57.1	25.5	51.6	3.06	326	41.9	21.3	14.4	7.96	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.519	247.58	HCO₃-Mg·Na·Ca
HSQ16	0.610	65.7	36.9	77.7	3.87	411	56.5	60.5	18.4	7.78	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.395	315.89	HCO₃-Mg·Na·Ca
HSQ17	0.711	84.1	34.9	42.4	3.38	415	39.2	33.6	49.1	7.64	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.661	353.57	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ18	2.827	508	364	677	18.1	3148	1394	292	<0.016	7.02	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	1.11	2766.38	HCO₃·SO₄-Na·Mg·Ca
HSQ19	0.702	87.7	33.4	41.7	12	378	85.7	28.9	12.9	7.78	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.428	356.63	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ20	2.135	720	150	155	43.8	2185	898	102	<0.016	7.17	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	1.97	2414.86	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
HSQ21	9.818	490	156	870	276	239	3212	450	56.1	7.65	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	1.86	1864.66	SO₄-Na
HSQ24	0.479	123	20	23.7	3.55	344	74.3	33.1	43.7	7.57	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.13	389.21	HCO₃-Ca
HSQ25	0.313	61.6	26.5	7.91	2.24	289	25.9	5.43	6.86	7.17	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.114	262.89	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ26	0.307	47.7	20.8	3.94	1.82	217	20.2	3.58	4.43	7.7	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.075	204.79	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ27	0.220	31	16.8	1.25	1.7	164	11.5	2.6	4.72	7	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.092	146.68	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ30	3.370	79.6	58.9	63.9	6.33	328	161	62.1	49.7	7.68	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.789	441.20	HCO₃-Mg·Ca
HSQ31	3.603	214	302	497	10.5	427	1081	837	92.7	7.81	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.826	1781.08	Cl-Na·Mg
HSQ32	0.428	107	19.1	15	3.89	358	33.6	15.7	28.2	8.13	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.175	345.42	HCO₃-Ca
HSQ33	0.437	120	55.2	14.4	9.4	533	95	6.23	<0.016	7.18	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	2.94	525.73	HCO₃-Ca·Mg
HSQ34	0.372	99.1	61.1	2.84	0.65	475	106	5.32	11.9	7.52	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.146	499.26	HCO₃·SO₄-Ca·Mg
HSQ35	0.312	62.8	10.4	3.18	4.04	216	23.8	5.21	11.4	7.84	<0.05	0	<0.016	<0.051	0.145	199.68	HCO₃-Ca

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表 5 研究区HSQ27→HSQ15→HSQ12流径上水化学演化模拟结果

Table 5. Simulation results of hydrochemical evolution on the flow path HSQ27→HSQ15→HSQ12 in the study area

矿物名称	化学式	摩尔转移量/（mol·L⁻¹）
矿物名称	化学式	HSQ27→HSQ15	HSQ15→HSQ12
钠长石	NaAlSi₃O₈	1.81×10⁻³	−1.92×10⁻³
方解石	CaCO₃	4.07×10¹	4.29×10¹
天青石	SrSO₄	0	1.01×10⁻⁵
玉髓	SiO₂	0	0
白云石	CaMg(CO₃)₂	−4.07×10¹	−4.29×10¹
萤石	CaF₂	6.46×10⁻⁶	−3.09×10⁻⁵
石膏	CaSO₄·2H₂O	7.10×10⁻⁵	3.80×10⁻³
石盐	NaCl	3.77×10⁻⁴	3.01×10⁻³
伊利石	K_0.6Mg_0.25Al_1.8Al_0.5Si_3.5	1.63×10²	1.72×10²
高岭石	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	−1.38×10²	−1.46×10²
白云母	KAl₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂	1.84×10⁻³	−1.54×10⁻³
菱锶矿	SrCO₃	−2.07×10⁻⁶	0
CO₂	CO₂	4.07×10¹	4.29×10¹
钾长石	KAlSi₃O₈	−9.77×10¹	−1.03×10²
锂辉石	LiAlSi₂O₆	1.44×10⁻⁶	1.21×10⁻⁶

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表 6 研究区HSQ02→HSQ10→HSQ20→HSQ18流径上水化学演化模拟结果

Table 6. Simulation results of hydrochemical evolution on the flow paths HSQ02→HSQ10→HSQ20→HSQ18 in the study area

矿物名称	化学式	摩尔转移量/（mol·L⁻¹）
矿物名称	化学式	HSQ02→HSQ10	HSQ10→HSQ20	HSQ20→HSQ18
钠长石	NaAlSi₃O₈	3.21×10⁻⁴	3.88×10⁻³	1.75×10⁻²
方解石	CaCO₃	2.62×10⁻³	1.50×10⁻³	0
天青石	SrSO₄	2.81×10⁻⁶	2.45×10⁻⁵	7.94×10⁻⁶
玉髓	SiO₂	−7.60×10¹	−1.10×10²	0
白云石	CaMg(CO₃)₂	1.49×10⁻³	6.18×10⁻³	−9.58×10⁻³
萤石	CaF₂	6.13×10⁻⁶	5.20×10⁻⁵	−2.27×10⁻⁵
石膏	CaSO₄·₂H₂O	1.28×10⁻⁴	9.36×10⁻³	5.20×10⁻³
石盐	NaCl	−1.04×10⁻⁴	2.89×10⁻³	5.40×10⁻³
伊利石	K_0.6Mg_0.25Al_1.8Al_0.5Si_3.5	0	0	7.24×10⁻²
高岭石	Al₂Si₂O₅(OH)₄	3.80×10¹	5.49×10¹	−8.69×10⁻²
白云母	KAl₃Si₃O₁₀(OH)₂	−3.80×10¹	−5.49×10¹	1.69×10⁻²
菱锶矿	SrCO₃	0	0	0
CO₂	CO₂	1.02×10⁻²	2.19×10⁻²	3.51×10⁻²
钾长石	KAlSi₃O₈	3.80×10¹	5.49×10¹	−6.10×10⁻²
锂辉石	LiAlSi₂O₆	9.88×10⁻⁷	1.73×10⁻⁵	4.79×10⁻⁵

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