动水冲刷作用下堆积体岸坡的渐进破坏过程分析

杜勇江; 王运生; 邹子南; 孙耀明

doi:10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240213

动水冲刷作用下堆积体岸坡的渐进破坏过程分析

doi: 10.19509/j.cnki.dzkq.tb20240213

1.
成都理工大学环境与土木工程学院, 成都 610059
2.
中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司, 成都 610072
3.
招商局重庆交通科研设计院有限公司, 重庆 400000

详细信息

作者简介:
杜勇江, E-mail: 848315205@qq.com

通讯作者:
王运生, E-mail: wangys60@163.com

中图分类号: P642.22;TV223
计量
- 文章访问数: 46
- PDF下载量: 8
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2024-04-30
- 录用日期: 2024-07-01
- 修回日期: 2024-06-24

Progressive analysis of the progressive failure process of accumulated bank slope under dynamic water scour

1.
College of Environment and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
2.
Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Power China, Chengdu 610072, China
3.
China Merchants Chongqing Communications Technology Research & Design Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400000, China

摘要

摘要:
西南地区峡谷大型堵江时有发生, 由堆积体组成的河道岸坡在堰塞坝溃决形成的超大洪水动水冲刷下的破坏机理及演化过程对水电、道路、城镇建设具有重要的现实意义。在前人研究的基础上, 从定性角度分析了河道岸坡在过洪工况下的破坏过程, 从理论角度推导了顺直河道岸坡、弯道凹岸岸坡在动水冲刷作用下的掏蚀槽发育机制, 并使用Geo-studio软件计算了丹巴县干海子滑坡在水位上涨情况下的多级滑动过程。建立了与时间、水流切应力、岸坡抗剪强度、岸坡起动切应力等因素有关的顺直河道岸坡冲刷程度函数; 从定性及定量的角度共同解析了河道岸坡在动水冲刷条件下的滑动过程: 岸坡近水面部分由表及里被掏蚀→掏蚀后缘土体发生牵引式滑坡→坡脚被冲蚀且坡体形态不断改变→多级牵引式滑坡; 干海子滑坡在水位攀高15 m且冲刷时间足够的情况下将发生多级牵引式滑坡。目前稳定的堆积体岸坡在某些极端过水工况下仍存在大规模滑移致灾的可能。研究成果为崩岸问题的理论分析提供了一种新的思路, 并对水库等水利建设的下游堆积体岸坡致灾预防提供了一定的理论指导。
- 崩岸 /
- 失稳机理 /
- 稳定性分析 /
- 牵引式滑坡 /
- 动水冲刷 /
- 堆积体岸坡 /
- 渐进破坏
Abstract: Objective
In the southwest region of China, where canyons are deeply incised and water flows are turbulent, disasters frequently occur. The accumulated masses are widely distributed, and understanding the mechanisms and evolutionary processes of riverbank slopes composed of these masses under dynamic water scour, such as dam collapses and reservoir flood discharge, is of significant practical importance for hydropower, road construction, and urban development.
Methods
Building upon previous research, this study qualitatively analyzes the progressive deterioration of riverbank slopes under flood conditions. The development mechanisms of erosion grooves on both straight and concave riverbank slopes under dynamic water scour are theoretically derived. Furthermore, the multistage sliding process of the Ganhaizi landslide in Danba County, triggered by rising water levels, was simulated using Geo-studio software.
Results
A function describing the extent of erosion in straight riverbank slopes over time, considering factors such as water flow shear stress, slope shear strength, and initial shear stress was established. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the sliding process under dynamic water scour conditions show that erosion begins near the water surface and progresses inward, leading to traction landslides at the rear edge of the erosion groove. This is followed by erosion at the slope foot, resulting in continuously changes in slope morphology and multistage traction landslides. The Ganhaizi landslide experienced multiple traction stages due to a 15-meter rise in water levels and extended erosion time. Even currently stable bank slopes of accumulated masses remain vulnerable to large-scale sliding disasters under extreme hydraulic conditions.
Conclusion
This study offers a novel theoretical framework for analyzing riverbank collapse and provides guidance for preventing downstream disasters in water conservancy projects, such as reservoirs.
- bank collapse /
- failure mechanism /
- stability analysis /
- traction landslide /
- dynamic water scour /
- accumulated bank slope /
- progressive failure
注释:

所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

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图 1 掏蚀槽发育与否而形成的2种潜在滑面(以靠椅式滑面滑坡为例)

Figure 1. Two potential slip surfaces formed by the development or non-development of erosion grooves

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 动水条件下顺直河道岸坡的渐进破坏过程(a~e)

Figure 2. Progressive failure process of straight river slopes under dynamic water conditions(a-e)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 无黏性土岸坡^[23](a)及黏性土岸坡(b)的横向展宽

Figure 3. Lateral widen of non-cohesive soil riverbank slopes^[23](a) and cohesive soil riverbank slopes(b)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 顺直河道概化模型及受力分析(字母含义见正文)

a.顺直河道概化模型；b.河道任意一剖面；c.剖面上任意一点A受力分析

Figure 4. Conceptual model and force analysis of a straight river channel

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 弯道水流典型受力特征及水流结构(据文献[24]修改, 字母含义见正文)

Figure 5. Typical force characteristics and flow structure of curved water flow

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 弯道概化模型及受力分析(字母含义见正文)

Figure 6. Conceptual model and force analysis of a river bend

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 弯道凹岸任意点破坏判据示意(字母含义见正文)

Figure 7. Schematic of failure criteria at arbitrary point on concave bank of a river bend

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 干海子滑坡平剖面图(源google earth)

a. 干海子滑坡地理位置；b. 干海子滑坡全景；c. I-I′剖面图

Figure 8. Plan and profile view of Ganhaizi landslide

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 干海子滑坡破坏过程计算

a.初始形态；b.掏蚀槽发育及上部土体滑动；c.掏蚀槽后部土体启滑；d.继续滑动及原坡脚被冲蚀；e.多级牵引式滑坡破坏

Figure 9. Calculation of Ganhaizi landslide failure process

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 干海子滑坡堆积体物理力学参数

Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of Ganhaizi landslide deposit

岩土体类型	γ_s/(kN·m^-3)	C/kPa	φ/(°)
滑坡堆积物	21	31	28
破碎岩带	24	60	40
注：γ_s为岸坡土体容重；C为黏聚力；φ为内摩擦角; 下同

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 岸坡土体起动切应力τ_c及水流切应力τ计算

Table 2. Calculation of critical shear stress τ_c and water flow shear stress τ of riverbank slope

γ_s/ (kN·m^-3)	γ_w/ (kN·m^-3)	d₅₀/ m	τ_c/ (N·m^-1)	水流比降/‰	R/m	τ/ (N·m^-1)
21	9.8	0.2	1.07	65	10.55	6.71
注：γ_w为水体容重；d₅₀为中值粒径；R为水力半径

下载: 导出CSV

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